How to calculate the average kinetic energy and average translational kinetic energy of a molecule

The average kinetic energy of the molecule is composed of two parts: translational kinetic energy and rotational kinetic energy, and the translational kinetic energy = (3 2)*k*t, where k is the Boltzmann constant.

t is the Kelvin temperature scale.

temperature. The average translational kinetic energy is the kinetic energy in one direction, i.e., 1 3 translational kinetic energy = (1 2)*k*t.

Rotational kinetic energy = nkt 2, for monoatomic molecules can not be rotated, so n=0;The diatomic molecule has a rotation around the center of symmetry, n=2;Triatomic and even polyatomic molecules will have expansion and contraction vibrations on the shaft, n = 3

The average kinetic energy of the molecule is composed of two parts: translational kinetic energy and rotational kinetic energy translational kinetic energy = (3 2)*k*t, and the average kinetic energy is the kinetic energy in one direction, that is, 1 3 translational kinetic energy = (1 2)*k*t

Rotational kinetic energy = nkt 2, for monoatomic molecules can not be rotated, so n=0;The diatomic molecule has a rotation around the center of symmetry, n=2;Triatomic and even polyatomic molecules will have expansion and contraction vibrations on the shaft, n = 3

How to define translational kinetic energyHow to define translational kinetic energyHow to define translational kinetic energyHow to define the kinetic energy corresponding to translational velocity, that is, the mass multiplied by the square of the translational velocity, the motion of the object not only has translational motion, that is, translation, hia may have rotation and vibration, which correspond to rotational kinetic energy and vibrational kinetic energy, respectively.

The diatomic is 5, and the triatom is 6

Average translational kinetic energy formula: 3kt 2; Average kinetic energy formula: kt 2

The formula for the average translational kinetic energy of the barrage is: ek=(3 2)kt, where ek is the average translational kinetic energy of a single molecule, and t isThermodynamic temperature。Jane is chaotic

Boltzmann's constant.

k or kb) refers to a physical constant with respect to temperature and energy.

Boltzmann constant:The Boltzmann constant is a fundamental constant of thermodynamics, denoted as "k", and the value is: k=, and the Boltzmann constant can be deduced:

The ideal gas constant r is equal to the Boltzmann constant multiplied by the Avogadro constant.

i.e. r=k·na).

The physical meaning of the Boltzmann constant is that the gas constant r is the Boltzmann constant k times the Avogadro constant.

where ek is the average translational kinetic energy of a single molecule and t is the thermodynamic temperature.

The formula for the average translational kinetic energy of a molecule can be described in terms of classical mechanics, and according to the definition of translational kinetic energy, it is equal to the average of the mass of the molecule multiplied by the square of the velocity of the molecule. It is expressed in mathematical expression as:

Average translational kinetic energy = 1 2) *m *

where m is the mass of the molecule, which represents the average of the squares of the velocity. The average of the squares of the velocities can be obtained by integrating the probability density function of the squares of the velocities. For gas molecules that conform to the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, the average value of their velocity can be expressed as:

Feasting. (3/2) *k * t

where k is the Boltzmann constant (10(-23) j k) and t is the absolute temperature of the gas. Substituting this into the average translational kinetic energy formula, we get:

Average translational kinetic energy = 3 2) *k * t * m

This is the formula for the average translational kinetic energy of the molecule. It shows that the translational kinetic energy of the molecule is related to the mass of the molecule m, the absolute temperature t of the gas sibido, and is also affected by the Boltzmann constant.

The average kinetic energy of the molecule is composed of two parts: translational kinetic energy and rotational kinetic energy.

The translational kinetic energy is (3 2) k t, and the average translational kinetic energy is the kinetic energy in one direction, i.e., 1 3 translational kinetic energy (1 2) k t.

Rotate the tomb leakage stool Wang rent energy nkt 2, for the monoatomic molecule can not be rotated, so n 0;

The diatomic molecule has a rotation around the center of symmetry of 4102, n jujube trillion2; Triatomic and even polyatomic molecules will have expansion and contraction vibrations on the shaft, n = 3

The average kinetic energy of the molecule is composed of two parts: translational kinetic energy and rotational kinetic energy.

Translational kinetic energy = (3 2) * k*t, the average translational kinetic energy in the macro is the kinetic energy in one direction, and the cavity tremor is 1 3 translational kinetic energy = (1 2) * k*t x0d rotational kinetic energy = nkt 2.

For monoatomic molecules cannot be rotated, so n=0;The diatomic molecule has a rotation around the center of symmetry, n=2;Triatomic and even polyatomic molecules will have expansion and contraction vibrations on the shaft, n = 3

Microscopically, the main factors affecting the kinetic energy of molecules are the number, type, and velocity of molecules inside the object; Corresponding to the mass, type, and temperature of the object on a macroscopic scale. According to the formula <>

n is the number of molecules; m is the mass of a single molecule; <>

When the number of molecules in the body increases, the total kinetic energy increases, which is macroscopically reflected in the increase in the mass of matter.

Average kinetic energy is a concept in thermal. Molecular thermal movement in imitation of objects.

The velocity of the molecule is also large and small, and it is constantly changing. In the study of thermal phenomena, we are concerned with the thermal properties of a large number of molecules that make up the system in the early morning, so what is important is not the kinetic energy of a molecule in the system, but the average kinetic energy of all molecules.

This average value is called the average kinetic energy of the thermal motion of the molecule.

Difference Between Molecular Kinetic Energy and Kinetic Energy:Molecular kinetic energy is part of the internal energy of an object (the force experienced by the molecule, the four fundamental forces.

Weak nuclear force, electromagnetic force.

Gravitational force, strong force. ）。

Kinetic energy mainly refers to the energy that an object has due to the motion of an external force, so from this point of view, the difference between them lies in the different forces they are subjected to. Another of their differences is microscopic, the other is macroscopic, kinetic energy includes molecular kinetic energy, and they belong to the hierarchical relationship.

The average kinetic energy of the molecule is composed of two parts: translational kinetic energy and rotational kinetic energy.

The translational kinetic energy is (3 2) k t, and the average translational kinetic energy is the kinetic energy in one direction, i.e., 1 3 translational kinetic energy (1 2) k t.

Rotational kinetic energy = nkt 2, for monoatomic molecules can not be rotated, so n=0;

Diatomic molecules have a rotation around the center of symmetry of 4102, n2;Triatomic and even polyatomic molecules will have telescopic vibrations on the axis, n 3.

The kinetic energy of each gas molecule is added up and divided by the number of molecules is the average kinetic energy of gas molecules, which is related to temperature, the higher the temperature, the more intense the molecular movement, the greater the velocity, and the greater the average kinetic energy of the molecule.

The kinetic energy of a molecule is said to be of a molecule, and the formula is 1 2mv2.

The formula for the average translational kinetic energy of gas molecules E 3 2kt is calculated from the kinetic energy of each molecule, i.e., e m v squared 2, pressure p m nv square 3, and pressure p is equal to nkt.

where the square of v is the square of the average velocity of all molecules, which is statistically significant, and when the number is small, the above equation is meaningless.

This is the relationship between the average translational kinetic energy of an ideal gas molecule and temperature, which is another basic formula of gas kinetic theory. It shows that the average translational kinetic energy of a molecule is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas. The higher the temperature of the gas, the greater the average translational kinetic energy of the molecules;

The greater the average translational kinetic energy of the molecule, the more intense the thermal motion of the molecule. Therefore, temperature is a macroscopic physical quantity that characterizes the intensity of the thermal motion of a large number of molecules, and is the collective manifestation of the thermal motion of a large number of molecules.

For an individual molecule, it doesn't make sense to say how much temperature it has.

The formula relates the macroscopic temperature with the statistical mean of the microscopic quantity (the average translational kinetic energy of the molecule), thus revealing the microscopic nature of temperature.

If you want to count the rotational kinetic energy of the molecules of a gas, then you must know a concept, which is the degrees of freedom.

If you think that the molecular degrees of freedom of the cell molecule are three, if you think of it as a small sphere, then it rotates symmetrically, so it has no rotational degrees of freedom. There is only translational self-permeability by the degree, that is, in the three-dimensional cluster space.

to determine how many real numbers it takes.

For diatomic molecules, such as the rotten oxygen molecule, then they are rotationally symmetrical to the axis of their molecular bond, so that only two angles are needed to determine its angular position in space. So its rotational degrees of freedom are 2

Polyatoms require three corners. They have a rotational degree of freedom of 3

Well, according to the principle of energy equalization. Rotational kinetic energy = n*i 2*r*ti is the rotational degree of freedom, and n is the amount of matter.

r is the thermodynamic constant, and t is the thermodynamic temperature.

To average to each molecule, divide the above equation by n*na

Na is the Alfogadro constant.

That is, the average rotational kinetic energy = i 2*k*t

k is called Boltzmann constant = r na

The kinetic energy of the irregular movement of a molecule is called the "kinetic energy of the molecule". Since the velocity of individual molecules is generally different, the kinetic energy of the molecules is also not equal, and the average of their kinetic energy.

It's called "molecular average kinetic energy".

The kinetic energy and molecular potential energy of the thermal motion of all the molecules in the object.

The sum is called the internal energy of the object.

Illustrate. 1. All objects have internal energy;

2. Factors that determine internal energy:

a.Temperature: The higher the temperature, the thermal movement of the molecules.

The greater the average kinetic energy.

b.Volume: The potential energy of the molecule is related to the volume, and the smaller the volume, the greater the potential energy.

c.Total number of molecules: the more molecules an object has, the greater the mass, and the greater the internal energy;

Factors that affect the magnitude of the internal energy of an object.

The main ones are the temperature, volume, state, and mass of the object. When the temperature of an object changes, the velocity of the molecules inside it also changes, so the kinetic energy of the molecules changes, so the internal energy of the object also changes. When the state and volume of an object change, the molecular spacing and intermolecular forces.

The strength of the molecule also changes, so the potential energy of the molecule also changes, so that the internal energy of the object changes; When the temperature, state, and volume of an object are constant, the greater its mass for the same substance, the more molecules inside, so the sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy of the molecule increases, that is, the internal energy of the object is also greater.

Temperature is a sign of the average kinetic energy of the molecule, the average kinetic energy of the molecule is only related to the temperature, the temperature is the same, the average kinetic energy of the molecule is the same, so the average kinetic energy of the molecule of iron at twenty degrees is as large as the average kinetic energy of the hydrogen molecule. The reason why gases diffuse faster than solids is because the gravitational attraction between gas molecules is too small. Internal energy refers to the sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy of all the molecules in the object, and the magnitude of the internal energy is related to the average kinetic energy of the molecules, but not the average kinetic energy.

Internal energy: The statistical average of the sum of the energies of the irregular motion of molecules.

The average kinetic energy of the molecule is related to the temperature and the molecular degrees of freedom. When the temperature increases, the average kinetic energy of the molecule increases, the temperature decreases, and the average kinetic energy of the molecule decreases. For different kinds of molecules, even at the same temperature, the average kinetic energy is not necessarily the same, and it is also related to the degree of freedom of the molecule.

The rate of thermal motion of molecules in an object varies, so the kinetic energy of each molecule is also large and small, and it is constantly changing. In the study of thermal phenomena, we are concerned with the thermal properties of a large number of molecules that make up a system as a whole, so what is important is not the kinetic energy of a molecule in the system, but the average kinetic energy of all molecules. This average value is called the average kinetic energy of the thermal motion of the molecule.

The energy that an object has due to its motion is known as the kinetic energy of the object. Its size is defined as one-half of the square product of the mass of the object and the velocity. Therefore, for an object with the same mass, the greater the velocity of motion, the greater its kinetic energy; The greater the mass of an object moving at the same velocity, the greater the kinetic energy it has.

The average kinetic energy of the molecule is composed of two parts: the translational kinetic energy and the kinetic energy of the transient bibi kinetic energy x0d translational kinetic energy = (3 2)*k*t, and the higher average translational kinetic energy is the kinetic energy in one direction, that is, 1 3 translational kinetic energy = (1 2)*k*t x0d rotational kinetic energy = nkt 2, for monoatomic molecules can not rotate, so n=0;The diatomic molecule has a rotation around the center of symmetry, n=2;Triatomic and even polyatomic molecules will have expansion and contraction vibrations on the shaft, n = 3