The evolution of Chinese characters is a little less content

Oracle bone inscription, golden inscription, small seal, official script, regular script, line script.

Shang) (Zhou) (Qin) (Han) (Wei and Jin) Cursive.

The above seven fonts of "甲金篆立草楷行" are called "Chinese Character Seven Bodies."

Oracle bone writing: for the late Shang Dynasty to write or engrave the way to leave on the tortoise shell, animal bones left on the text, its content is mostly for"Divination", there are a few for"Memoirs"。Most of the oracle bone inscriptions conform to the principle of pictographic and ideographic word-making, and the morphophonetic characters account for only 20.

Some of its characters are carved with knives, some are filled with cinnabar, and some are written directly in ink and calligraphy. Because most of the characters are evolved from pictorial texts, the degree of pictogram is high, and there are many characters in one word, and the strokes are indefinite. This shows that Chinese writing was not yet unified during the Yin Shang period.

Yin Dynasty image Jinwen: The pre-Qin Dynasty called copper gold, so the text engraved on the bronze is called Jinwen, also called Zhong Dingwen, Yi ware style. Compared with the oracle bone inscription, the Jin inscription has a higher degree of pictographs and shows a more ancient writing appearance.

The writing method of filling in the golden text makes the image vivid and vivid, rich and natural.

2 Small Seal Small Seal, also known as Qin Seal, is a standard font sorted out by Li Si, the prime minister of the Qin Dynasty, and others. It is simplified from a large seal. It is also known as the jade tendon seal, because it has the meaning of pen strength.

The shape and structure of the small seal are regular and coordinated, the gesture is uniform and neat, and the side has also been changed and merged. Compared with the large seal, there is no pictogram. The change from the big seal to the small seal is of great significance in the history of Chinese writing.

3 Lishu The first step in the evolution from small seals to official scripts, the most significant change is from graceful money slips to straight strokes, from no corners to horns. It is generally believed that the official book refers to the official book with waves, and the long tail like a carving knife is dragged horizontally and horizontally, and this is just one of them. Lishu mainly includes Qin Li and Han Li, Qin Li is the early form of Lishu; Han Li is a mature font for Lishu.

The commonly referred to as Lishu refers to the Han Lizhong"Eight points"(Figure 6). "Eight points"It was after Qin Li that waves gradually appeared. Lishu has developed to eight points, and it is already mature.

Because of its square and thick characters, Lishu has a sense of seriousness (Fig. 7). Although Figure 8 is an English letter, it has a diamond and angular font, and it has the flavor of Lishu.

Engraved on animal bones and tortoise shells: oracle bone inscription Engraved on bronze vessels for recording meritorious deeds and prayers: Jin Wen (inscription) Qin Shi Huang unified script:

Small seal Qin Dynasty a slave invention, mature in the Han Dynasty: Lishu formed in the late Han Dynasty, the font is regular: regular script.

The development of Chinese characters.

The Chinese script is one of the oldest in history. It is the oldest script in the world today and the most widely used script in the world today. Chinese writing is a unique ideographic system among all writing systems in the world today, and it was already a fairly developed writing system as far back as the 14th century BC.

Through the experience of Li Yinghao, he discovered the great Chinese characters in his life!

There are three stages in the evolution of Chinese characters:

1. From oracle bone inscription to small seal.

2. From a small seal to a book.

3. From official script to regular script.

The characteristics of each stage are:

1 The oracle bone inscription and the gold inscription are closer to the realistic pictograms of the pictures, while the small seal strokes are round and regular, gradually alienated from the shape of the object. The traces of the oracle bone inscription knife carving are obvious, and the golden inscription is cast and thick, their shape is relatively casual, the place occupied by the word with few strokes is small, the place occupied by the word with many strokes is large, the small seal is neat, and the strokes occupy a grid.

2 From the small seal to the official script, it is the biggest change in the font, and it is the turning point between the ancient script and the modern script. The glyph structure of the small seal is broken, the pictographic meaning is weak, and the symbolism is strengthened. The round turn gesture of the small seal to the official book generally becomes a square fold and horizontal, apostrophe, and other strokes.

The small seal has become a official script, and the basic pattern of modern character strokes has been formed.

3 From official script to regular script, except for some changes in the use of the pen, the font structure has basically not changed.

1. Chinese characters have undergone more than 6,000 years of changes, and their evolution process is: oracle bone inscription (Shang) Jin Wen (Zhou) small seal (Qin) Lishu (Han) Kaishu (Wei and Jin) Xingshu, and the above seven fonts of "Jiajin Seal Licao Kaixing" are called "Chinese Character Seven Bodies".

1. Oracle bone inscription: The text written on tortoise shells and animal bones at all times in the Shang Dynasty is called "oracle bone inscription". Started from the Shang Dynasty.

2. Jin Wen: It is an inscription cast on bronze in the Shang and Zhou dynasties. Also known as Zhong Dingwen. Jin Wen has thick and wide strokes, and the dot painting is round, and Jin Wen is more standardized than oracle bone inscriptions.

3. Great Seal: In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, the shape of Jin Wen tended to be linear, and the strokes were relatively neat and symmetrical.

5. Lishu: The strokes of the seal script are round. The symbolism is clearly greatly strengthened. The small seal text is standardized, but it is inconvenient to write, and a simpler font is popular among the people, called Lishu.

6. Regular script: In the late Han Dynasty, official script evolved into regular script. There are no changes to the glyph knots, and it is easier to write.

7. Cursive: Cursive is characterized by joint strokes, simple knots, and unrestrained glyphs.

8. Xingshu: Xingshu is a font between regular script and cursive script, which is simpler than regular script and easier to identify than cursive script.

2. About Chinese characters.

1. Origin: The Chinese archaeological community has released a series of excavated materials related to the origin of writing earlier than the Yinxu oracle bone inscription. The Jiahu inscription has been physically determined by carbon 14 and is about 7762 years (128 years) old; There are also 7,000 years ago Shuangdun inscriptions, 6,000 years ago Banpo pottery symbols, more than 5,000 years ago Qingdun ruins inscriptions, Zhuangqiao tomb ruins text with words into sentences, Dawenkou pottery symbols, Yaoshun era Tao Temple ruins Zhu Wen, Xia Ruin water book.

The early bone inscriptions are rich writing systems, and the later ones belong to the initial maturity stage. These archaeological discoveries may be important clues to the origin of Chinese characters, or they may be different sources of the development of various scripts.

In the early 80s of the century, on the pottery excavated at the Dengfeng Xia cultural site in Henan, a more complete text was found. This is the earliest written language that has been confirmed by scholars to have an exact age in Japan so far.

3. Introduction: Chinese characters are one of the oldest scripts in the world, with a history of at least 4,000 years, and the earliest existing recognizable mature Chinese character system is the oracle bone script of the Shang Dynasty. In form, Chinese characters gradually change from graphics to strokes, pictograms to symbols, and complexity to simplicity. In the principle of word making, from the form, ideogram to shape and sound.

With very few exceptions, it is one syllable per character.

The evolution of Chinese characters is a process of gradual standardization and stabilization of Chinese character glyphs and fonts.

The small seal fixes the number of strokes for each character; Lishu formed a new pen-shaped system, and the glyphs gradually became flat squares; After the birth of regular script, the glyph font of Chinese characters was stabilized, and the basic strokes of "horizontal, vertical, apostrophe, limb point, pinch, pick, and fold" were determined, and the stroke shape was further standardized, and the number of strokes and stroke order of each character were also fixed. For more than a thousand years, regular script has been the standard character for Chinese characters.

Influence of Chinese characters:

Chinese characters are an important tool for carrying culture, and there are currently a large number of classics written in Chinese characters. Different dialects, and even language ridges, use Chinese characters as a common writing system. In ancient Japan, the Korean Peninsula, Vietnam, the Sakura Islands of the Ryukyus, and the Republic of Lanfang in Borneo, Chinese characters were the official document system of the country, so Han culture played an important role in the transmission and sharing of surrounding civilizations throughout history.

Because the relationship between Chinese characters and pronunciation is not very close, it is relatively easy to be borrowed by other ethnic groups, such as Japan, the Korean Peninsula and Vietnam, which have all had historical stages when they could not speak Chinese and simply wrote in Chinese characters. This characteristic of Chinese characters has played a major role in maintaining a cultural sphere – a people full of various dialect groups that cannot communicate with each other.

There are five stages in the evolution of Chinese characters: sound, shape, image, number, and reason

The five stages of the evolution of Chinese characters are as follows:

1.Sound: The earliest Chinese character glyphs are associated with spoken language and express the symbols of sound.

2.Shape is cracked sail: The earliest Chinese character for hail is hieroglyphs, and the glyphs directly reflect the image of objective things.

3.Image: The stage of the development of Chinese characters to the ideogram, the shape of the character and the meaning of the word are directly related, and the image and the meaning are the methods of constructing the Chinese character.

4.Number: The basic elements of Chinese character glyphs are strokes, and the strokes of Chinese characters are abstract points, lines, curves, and their combinations.

5.Reason: The strokes of Han Yuanmin characters form a certain radical, and the radicals are combined into Chinese characters according to a certain law.

Hope the above information can help you solve the problem. Please feel free to let me know if you have any other questions.

1. Because rats have long tails and love to steal food, the ancients created the word "rat" in oracle bone inscription. The whole font is erected, the tail is on the long side, and the upper opening is a mouse's mouth. The three dots in the upper left corner of the word "rat" symbolize the fragments of food in the mouth of the rat after it has been eaten secretly.

2. The biggest feature of the cow is the two horns, the word "cow" in the oracle bone inscription highlights the horns on the head of the cow, and the two points in the word are the eyes of the cow.

3. There are patterns on the tiger's body, and the word "tiger" in the oracle bone inscription uses a few lines to represent the patterns on the tiger's body.

4. The word "rabbit" in the oracle bone inscription, in addition to highlighting the ratio of rabbit ears and face to nearly 1:1 in the upper part of the word, the whole glyph is "jumping upward", which is a metaphor for the characteristics of rabbits who love to jump.

5. The expression of the word "dragon" in the oracle bone inscription lies in the curly and long body of the dragon and the horns of the dragon. The dragon is the most worshiped animal of the Chinese and is the king of animals, so the whole character is the word 'king' in the oracle bone inscription upside down.

6. The triangular image on the oracle bone inscription "snake" represents the snake's head, and the curled strokes symbolize the snake's body.

7. The biggest feature of the horse is the mane on the body, and the word "horse" in the oracle bone inscription highlights the three strokes of the horse's head.

8. The sheep has two horns, so the word "sheep" in the oracle bone inscription highlights the horns on the sheep's head, and the horns are bent inward.

9. The word "monkey" in the oracle bone inscription is a bit like a person, but the monkey and the human in the animal are indeed similar.

10. The biggest feature of the chicken is the comb and tail. Therefore, in the oracle bone inscription, the character "chicken" is particularly "head high", the three strokes on the far right represent chicken feathers, and the leftmost line symbolizes chicken feet.

11. In the oracle bone inscription, the belly of the word "dog" is relatively flat and small, and the mouth is open.

12. In the oracle bone inscription, the belly of the word "pig" is relatively round, and the pig's mouth is upturned.