What are the diagnostic measures for epilepsy and what are the simple methods for diagnosing epileps

There are many ways to diagnose epilepsy.

EEG: In addition to the history and neurological examination, EEG is considered to be by far the most important test and often helps with localization and characterization.

Urine test: mainly for some inherited metabolic diseases, such as phenylketonuria.

Imaging: should be done except for identified primary epilepsy and epilepsy syndromes that do not require neuroimaging. It should be noted:

Imaging tests alone do not detect epilepsy, but are intended to identify the location of the disease, the triggers for the onset, and the prognosis.

Blood chemistry tests: such as blood glucose, blood calcium, blood magnesium, drug ingredients, etc. Blood glucose, calcium, and magnesium levels are important conditions for seizures.

On the one hand, the abnormality of these factors may be an important factor causing epileptic seizures, and on the other hand, it can provide a basis for the examination of some intractable diseases accompanied by epileptic seizures, such as hypoparathyroidism epilepsy, diabetic epilepsy, etc. The main purpose of drug composition determination is to guide clinical medication, including the selection of drugs with good effects and the determination of accurate agents.

Generally speaking, the higher the frequency of seizures, the longer the duration, the longer the medical history, and the worse the psychological quality, the greater the harm and the more obvious the consequences. Seizures can cause damage to normal nerve cells, glial hyperplasia, and changes in the biochemical environment of other organs in the body.

The main harm of epilepsy.

1. Impact on lifespan. Some seizures are sometimes sudden and can cause accidental injury, and individual seizures can lead to status epilepticus, which is life-threatening.

2. Seizures cause damage to the brain, causing memory impairment, mental decline, personality changes, and can increase the number of seizures.

3. Influence on behavior. Some patients with a long medical history often have strange behaviors, such as few words, withdrawn personality, impulsiveness, anger, and suspicion.

4. Impact on other aspects. Some seizures often affect breathing, blood pressure, pulse, etc., causing damage to other tissues and organs.

1. Use the command useradd

Example: useradd user1 - creates user user1

useradd e 12 30 2009 user2 - creates user2 and specifies that the validity period expires on 2009-12-30.

The default uid of the user is increased from 500 backwards, and the default uid of the user is increased from 500 to 500, and the uid can be specified, for example, useradd u 600 user3

2. Use the passwd command to set a password for the new user.

Example: passwd user1

Note: Users who do not have a password cannot use it.

3. Command usermod to modify the user account.

For example, change the login name of user user1 to u1, usermod l u1 user1

Example: Add user user1 to the users group, usermod g users user1

Example: Change the user user1 directory to users us1

usermod –d /users/us1 user1

4. Use the command userdel to delete the user account.

For example, delete user user2

userdel user2

Example: Delete user user3 and delete his working directory at the same time.

userdel –r user3

5. View user information.

id command to view the uid and gid of a user, for example, the id of user4

Most epilepsy drugs have anti-epileptic effects, drugs only play an anti-epileptic role by reducing the excitability of brain nerves, and can not play a role in repairing cells, but epilepsy is a chronic brain disease caused by abnormal discharge of neuronal cells.

1. Physical examination.

The physical examination of a patient with epilepsy is the same as any other disorder, and the examination items include general condition, **, mucous membranes, lymph nodes, spine and limbs, etc., but the focus should be on the nervous system. It is necessary to pay attention to the mental state and intelligence of the epilepsy patient, and also pay attention to whether the epilepsy patient's speech is normal, especially whether the head is too small or too large.

2. Medical history information.

A detailed and accurate medical history is an important basis for diagnosing epilepsy, and when the patient is unable to tell the seizure process, it is necessary to carefully understand the whole process of the seizure from the witnesses, including the environment, posture, complexion, voice, presence or absence of limb twitching and the general sequence of the seizure. Knowing whether there was loss of consciousness at the time of the seizure is critical to diagnosing a generalized tonic-clonic seizure.

3. Laboratory examination of epilepsy.

Blood biochemical tests: Depending on the age and condition, the diagnosis of epilepsy requires different items. Generally, there are blood calcium, magnesium, sodium, blood glucose, blood bilirubin, blood gas analysis, blood lactate, blood ammonia, liver function, etc.

Cerebrospinal fluid examination: mainly to rule out intracranial infection, intracranial hemorrhage and other diseases.

4. Electroencephalogram detection.

EEG is an important method for epilepsy diagnosis, EEG detection can help us determine whether a patient has epilepsy, according to statistics, about 80% of epilepsy patients have EEG abnormalities, and only about 5%-20% of epilepsy patients can be found normal in the interictal EEG, if the examination can be repeated, the use of appropriate induction tests and special electrodes, its detection rate can be increased to the highest, especially for atypical seizures that are difficult to diagnose clinically, the importance of EEG detection is more prominent, Sometimes it even plays a decisive role.

5. Imaging examination.

CT and MRI examination: The clinical application of CT has greatly improved the diagnosis of intracranial lesions and has become an important means for the diagnosis of epilepsy.

Epilepsy is a complex and difficult disease to judge.

In order to prevent epilepsy caused by brain injury at birth, for elderly primiparous mothers, if the delivery process is expected to be unsmooth, the fetus should be removed by caesarean section as soon as possible, so as to avoid epilepsy caused by hypoxia, asphyxia, and birth trauma in the infant.

2.Epilepsy patients should avoid marrying with a family history of epilepsy when choosing a marriage partner, and the fiancé (wife) of an epilepsy patient should have an EEG topographic examination before marriage, such as those with epilepsy waves on the EEG topogram should avoid marriage, and those who both have a family history of epilepsy should also avoid marriage.

3.For epilepsy caused by hereditary diseases, prenatal diagnosis is carried out to find that the fetus with a certain hereditary disease and epilepsy can be artificially aborted, so that the occurrence of this type of epilepsy can be reduced.

4.For epilepsy caused by various intracranial infections, it is necessary to actively prevent the occurrence of these infections, and once intracranial infectious diseases occur, they should be diagnosed as soon as possible, correctly and reduce the degree of brain tissue damage. In the acute phase of intracranial infection, many patients often have seizures, and antiepileptic drugs should be used in a timely and sufficient amount to reduce the damage caused by seizures in brain tissue and reduce the chance of seizures in the future.

The first point is the blood concentration monitoring method: that is, the concentration of the drug in the blood. In general, the strength of the drug is positive with the concentration of the drug in the blood plasma.

Compare. You can understand the metabolism of drugs in the blood in detail, which can help doctors adjust the patient's drugs and how much to dose.

OK to understand. The second point is epilepsy electroencephalogram examination: this diagnostic method can determine epilepsy by the location, form and frequency of discharge.

The type of seizure is which one can help the doctor determine the symptomatic disease.

The third point is ambulatory electroencephalogram examination: this diagnostic method lasts for a long time, can capture the patient's brain waves, and can capture every abnormal signal.

Doctors can play back and study the details of the patient's EEG every second, reduce the misdiagnosis rate of the disease, clarify the disease classification, and formulate reasonable rules.

Rule. The fourth point is epilepsy monitoring: that is, the overall laboratory test of the blood is carried out to judge the patient's platelets, blood cells, etc. Epilepsy diagnosis.

The method can determine whether antiepileptic drugs cause neutropenia, reversible thrombocytopenia, and reduce the harmfulness of the disease.

Fifth, CT examination of the brain: that is, imaging examination of the brain, this epilepsy diagnosis method is suitable for organic damage to the brain leading to epilepsy.

Epilepsy authors, fully understand the lesions of the disease, and then prescribe drugs for the lesions**.

Hello ah bai, first of all, combined with the symptoms, du grand mal seizures are generally manifested as, sudden loss of consciousness, dao to the ground, head back.

The limbs are twitching, some patients roar due to diaphragm spasm, the face is blue, the pupils are dilated, the mouth is foaming or drooling, the eyes are turned up, and some are accompanied by incontinence. The comprehensive use of a variety of examination methods for the diagnosis of epilepsy can reduce the misdiagnosis rate, and electroencephalogram, magnetoencephalography, spect, PET, magnetic resonance scanning, etc., can help the differential diagnosis of epilepsy from different angles.

It is recommended to go to the hospital for examination, brain CT examination and MRI and so on.

Epilepsy: It is a very common chronic organic disease of the brain caused by abnormal discharge of neurons in the brain, and its clinical characteristics are reversed.

Imaging (CT): Imaging tests alone do not diagnose epilepsy, but they can help to diagnose epilepsy** and are one of the diagnostic methods for epilepsy.

2. Blood chemistry examination: such as blood glucose, blood calcium, blood magnesium, drug ingredients, etc. Blood glucose, serum calcium, and serum magnesium concentrations are important causes of seizures, which can provide a basis for the diagnosis of some diseases accompanied by seizures.

3. Electroencephalogram examination: In addition to medical history and neurological examination, electroencephalogram examination is considered to be the most important examination method so far, which can often help its localization and characterization. In addition, epilepsy is a seizure disease, symptoms will appear suddenly, disappear quickly, and there are many different forms of seizures, the positive rate of conventional EEG recording on epileptiform waves is only 20%-40%, at this time, video EEG can fill the above defects, and the accuracy rate of epilepsy diagnosis is more than 90%.

For those whose symptoms are atypical and cannot be done by conventional EEG, video EEG examination can be done.

4. Blood chemistry examination: such as blood glucose, blood calcium, blood magnesium, drug components, etc. Blood glucose, blood calcium, and blood magnesium concentrations are important causes of seizures, which can provide a basis for the diagnosis of some diseases accompanied by seizures.

5. Urine examination: mainly to exclude some hereditary metabolic diseases, which is one of the methods to diagnose epilepsy.

Epilepsy can be divided into five aspects: seizure control, surgery, general hygiene and prevention. The most important of these is seizure control, which is currently dominated by medications**.

The onset is often preceded by visual symptoms such as hallucinations, diplopia, photophobia, blurred vision, and flickering in front of the eyes, followed by headache. The headache can be on one side, on the forehead, on both temporal, top, occipital, or on the whole head. The nature of the pain is also different, and there may be swelling pain, throbbing pain, stabbing pain, and tearing pain.

Most of them are unbearable severe pain, some hug their heads and cry, and even howl. It may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, sweating, flushing or pallor, irritability, fear and restlessness, and may be accompanied by numbness or slight limb twitching, as well as increased body temperature and blood pressure.