The evaluation of ancient Chinese landscape idylls by famous critics of the past dynasties

In the history of Chinese literature, Tao Yuanming was the first person to write a large number of poems about pastoral scenery and life. His landscape idylls created a new genre of classical Chinese poetry, the Landscape Idylls, which were highly praised by poets throughout the ages. In the era when metaphysics was prevalent and aestheticism dominated the entire literary world, the pastoral school gave Zhuo Li a new ideological content in the field of poetry and showed a great innovative spirit.

Tao Yuanming is an important poet in the history of Chinese literature. He lived in an era where formalism was prevalent, and his poems were full of works of metaphysics, meditation, and landscape modeling, deliberately pursuing floating characters in the qiyu, and laying splendid flowers on the form. Meng Haoran (689-740), known as Hao, was a native of Mengshan in Xiangyang (now Xiangyang, Hubei), and a famous landscape and pastoral poet in the Tang Dynasty.

Because he has never been employed, he is also known as "Mengshan people". Meng Haoran's poetry got rid of the narrow state of Yongwu in the early Tang Dynasty, and expressed more personal embrace, bringing a fresh breath to the Kaiyuan poetry circle and winning people's admiration. Meng Haoran was the first poet to write landscape poetry in the Tang Dynasty and the forerunner of Wang Wei.

His travel poems are vividly described, and the messages from Dongting Lake to Premier Zhang are written in a majestic and vivid style.

Wang Wei (701-761, I say 699-761), his name is Mocha, his name is Mocha. Zhoupu, Hedong (now Yuncheng, Shanxi) is a native of Qi County, Shanxi. A famous poet and painter in the Tang Dynasty.

The works are painted with shadows and shapes, and there is a sense of freehand and expressiveness, and the form and spirit are both. "There are paintings in poems, and there are poems in paintings". With a fresh and distant, natural and refined style, Wang Wei has created an artistic conception of "painting in poetry, poetry in painting" and "Zen in poetry", and has set up an unfailing banner in the poetry world.

Wang Wei has created an artistic conception of "painting in poetry, poetry in painting, and Zen in poetry" in a fresh, distant and natural style, and has set up an invincible banner in the poetry world.

The representatives of the Tang Dynasty landscape idyllic poetry school are: Wang Wei, who is known as the poetry Buddha, he is the representative of the landscape idyllic poetry school in the late Tang Dynasty, and Meng Haoran, the first to write landscape poems in the Tang Dynasty.

Poet of the Landscape Pastoral School.

The representative poets of landscape idylls are Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Tao Qian, Xie Lingyun, Liu Zongyuan, and landscape idylls originated from Xie Lingyun of the Northern and Southern Dynasties and Tao Yuanming of the Jin Dynasty, represented by Wang Wei and Meng Haoran in the Tang Dynasty.

Wang wei. Meng Haoran. Standing Built. Liu Zongyuan. Chu Guangxi. and so on, all represented by these poets. They are also very famous poets.

There are many, such as Tao Yuanming, Meng Haoran and Wang Weize, Xie Lingyun, Liu Zongyuan, Wang Wei, these are all very good poets. And they have written many excellent poems.

The landscape idyllic school of the Tang Dynasty was mainly represented by Meng Haoran and Wang Wei.

The following mainly explains what is the landscape idyllic school, as well as the two main representative poets Meng Haoran and Wang Wei.

The Landscape Idyllic School is a poetry genre in the Tang Dynasty, which mainly reflects pastoral life and depicts landscapes. Among the landscape idyllic schools, Wang Wei's achievements are the highest, followed by Meng Haoran and others.

In the long run, people have classified the poems describing landscapes as landscape idyllic poems, and the poets who write this type of poems are classified as landscape idylls.

Meng Haoran Meng Haoran, a poet, must have known something about him if he has gone to school and read books, after all, his "The Old Man's Village" is too familiar to students.

Meng Haoran is a famous poet of the landscape idyll, because after his career failed, he lived in seclusion in the mountains and forests, and some of the poems he usually wrote about mountains and rivers not only concise and quintessential, but also expressed certain self-thoughts. In particular, by describing the natural landscapes, he expressed his feelings of seclusion in the mountains and forests, which was just right. Because of this, he was elected as a representative poet of the landscape idyll.

Wang Wei Wang Wei is quite a talented and talented man. He was not only a poet, but also a painter. His poems are mostly found in five-character poems, and he is known as Wang Meng together with Meng Haoran.

Because of his outstanding contributions to poetry, especially in the landscape and pastoral, coupled with his worship of Buddha, he is also known as the Buddha of poetry.

His paintings are also quite good, at least in the Tang Dynasty, his paintings are among the best. It is precisely because of the high level of his paintings that he is respected by later generations as the ancestor of Nanzong's landscape painting.

Wang Wei, whether it is poetry or painting, is so talented, and even combines poetry and painting into one, so that there is such a sentence: There are paintings in poems, and there are poems in paintings. It is undoubtedly an affirmation of Wang Wei's talent.

Looking at the entire landscape idyll, there are many famous poets, but the ones who can really represent the landscape idyll school are none other than these two, one is Meng Haoran, and the other is Wang Wei.

Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, the Tang Dynasty produced many excellent poets, and the Tang Dynasty was also very prosperous, and it was also very famous in history, I like Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty very much.

The Tang Dynasty's "Landscape Idyllic School" was represented by Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Wei Yingwu, Chu Guangxi, and Chang Jian.

The "Landscape Idyllic School" of the Tang Dynasty was represented by Wang Wei and Meng Haoran. Meng Haoran was the first poet to write landscape poems in the Tang Dynasty and the forerunner of Wang Wei. Wang Wei inherited and carried forward the landscape poetry pioneered by Xie Lingyun and became unique, making the achievements of landscape idylls reach a peak, and has an important position in the history of Chinese poetry.

Wang Wei and Meng Haoran were the main representatives of landscape idylls during the Tang Dynasty. Wang Wei's representative works include "Autumn Evening in the Mountain House" and "Deer Wood". Meng Haoran's representative works include "Su Jian Dejiang", "Thinking of Returning on the River" and so on.

Represented by Meng Haoran and Wang Wei, the two of them are the two most famous in this faction.

The "Landscape Idyllic School" of the Tang Dynasty was represented by Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Wei Yingwu and Liu Zongyuan.

The landscape idyllic school originated in the Wei and Jin dynasties and was formed in the Tang Dynasty, with representatives such as Tao Yuanming, Xie Lingyun, Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, etc. Among them, Tao Xie is considered to be the pioneer of landscape idyll, and Wang Wei and Meng Haoran are the main representatives of landscape idylls in the Tang Dynasty.

1. The poets of the landscape idyll school in the Wei and Jin dynasties mainly include Tao Yuanming, Xie Lingyun, Xie Wei, etc., among which Tao Xie is considered to be the founder of landscape idyll.

Tao Yuanming's poems are mainly based on the theme of pastoral life, and his representative works include five poems of "Returning to the Garden and Pastoral Home", "Drinking", "Returning to the Words", etc., among which the poem "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan" is a popular pastoral poem that has been passed down through the ages.

Xie Lingyun's representative works include "The Stone Wall Retreats to the Lake", "Ascending the Pond and Going Upstairs", "The First Time to the County" and so on.

2. During the Tang Dynasty, there were many poets of the landscape pastoral school, including Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Liu Zongyuan, Chang Jian, etc.

Wang Wei, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, was known as the "Buddha of Poetry", and Su Shi of the Song Dynasty commented that Wang Wei's pastoral poems were "paintings in poems, and poems in paintings". His poems mainly describe the secluded life and natural scenery of the countryside, and his representative works include "Birdsong Stream", "Rainfall Rim River Village", "Autumn Evening in the Mountain House", "Deer Wood" and so on.

Meng Haoran was the first poet in the Tang Dynasty to write a large number of landscape idylls. Most of his poems are landscape poems, such as "Sujian Dejiang", "Lindongting Lake Presents Zhang Chengxiang", "Jiangshang Sigui" and so on. His idyllic poems are mainly about the elegance and leisure of a secluded life.

Such as "The Old Man's Village", "You Jing Siguan Hui Wang Baiyun is behind" and so on.

Liu Zongyuan's landscape idyll, good at expressing the lonely and noble realm, the spiritual deep pain, is very distinctive in art, such as "Creek House" and "Jiang Xue".

Chang Jian, poems to pastoral, landscape as the main theme, style close to Wang, Meng a faction, representative works have "the title of the mountain temple after the Zen Yuan", the famous poem "winding path through the secluded place, Zen room flowers and trees deep".

3. The famous poets of the Landscape Pastoral School in the Song and Song dynasties were mainly Yang Wanli and Fan Chengda.

Yang Wanli has a special sensitivity to natural scenes, has a unique vision and mind, observes carefully, comprehends profoundly, and describes it with unique interest and philosophy. His representative works include "Guo Songyuan Morning Cooking Paint Store", "Twilight Field" and so on.

Fan Chengda, who wrote a work that reflects rural life, "Four Seasons Pastoral Miscellaneous", a total of 60 poems, describes the scenery of the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter in the countryside and the life of farmers, and his work is known as the masterpiece of ancient Chinese pastoral poetry.

In 713, it entered the Tang Dynasty, and during this period, following Tao Yuanming and Xie Lingyun, landscape idylls rose and developed again. These poems either describe the majestic and vast landscape scenery, or reflect the quiet and tranquil pastoral life, fully demonstrating the charm of landscape idyll. The most famous poets of this school are Meng Haoran and Wang Wei, so they are also called "Wang Meng Poetry School".

Meng Haoran has lived at home for a long time, and once lived in seclusion in Lumen Mountain near his hometown. Meng Haoran has never been a monk for life, and he has a strong sense of seclusion in his life.

Meng Haoran was the oldest among the poets of the Tang Dynasty, he was the first to get rid of the narrow poetic realm of the early Tang Dynasty, and was a poet who vigorously created landscape idylls. In his poems, he not only succeeded in depicting a series of elegant and tranquil environments, but also created the image of a noble person living in them. Meng Haoran's masterpiece "The Old Man's Village" uses popular language to describe the simple and unpretentious countryside and life, which is very close to life.

Sujian Dejiang has changed the drawbacks of stagnation listed in traditional landscape poems, focusing on emotion, selecting typical objects, and using the technique of side contrast or contrast, turning dense into empty, forming a unique artistic conception of clear and sparse.

Meng Haoran's poems integrate traditional pastoral and landscape themes, and make a unique contribution to the pastoral landscape poetry of the Tang Dynasty with a combination of clear imagery and clear and diluted language.

Wang Wei, young and intelligent, wrote at the age of 17 the sentence "I think of my relatives every festival" has been widely circulated. He is not only talented in poetry, but also good at writing and painting, and proficient in music and rhythm. At the age of 20, he began to enter the officialdom, but he was not enthusiastic about being an official, and embarked on a road of half-official and half-hidden, and wrote a large number of landscape idylls.

Wang Wei's poetry creation is divided into two periods at the age of 37. The early works are hearty and bold, optimistic and enterprising, and the creation shows a positive spirit of the times and a positive attitude towards life, and he mostly writes poems of rangers and angry poems, such as "The Old General's Walk", "Make it to the Plug", "Watching the Hunt" and so on. These poems are powerful, passionate, and bold, embodying a kind of masculine beauty.

In his later period, Wang Wei mainly created landscape idylls. Landscape idyll, under his pen, writes a quiet and comfortable realm. "Weichuan Tianjia" writes about wild old shepherd boys, cows, sheep and pheasants, silkworms, wheat seedlings and mulberry leaves, and also writes about pastoral life as quiet, harmonious and warm. wrote:

The slanting sun shines on the ruins, and the cattle and sheep return to the poor alleys. The wild old man thought of the shepherd boy, leaning on the staff and waiting for the thorn. The pheasant wheat seedlings are beautiful, and the silkworms sleep and the mulberry leaves are scarce. Tian Fu hoeed to, and the words of each other followed.

The most important thing in Wang Wei's poetry is that there are paintings in the characteristic poems, and he is good at creating a pictorial meaning in the poems, so that the poems have a vivid image as if appealing to the visual. Secondly, Wang Wei's poetic conception is quiet and full of vitality.

In addition to Meng Haoran and Wang Wei, among the landscape idyllic poets, there are Chu Guangxi, Chang Jian, Zu Yong, etc. The style of these people's landscape idylls is relatively close to the style of landscape idylls of Meng Haoran and Wang Wei.

Representatives of the Landscape Idyllic School: Tao Yuanming, Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Wei Yingwu, Liu Zongyuan.

1. Tao Yuanming

The name is Qian, the character is Liang, alias Mr. Wuliu, and the world is known as Mr. Jingjie. The originator of the idyllic school. Tao Yuanming's idyllic poems have the largest number and the highest achievements.

This kind of poem fully expresses the noble discipline of the poet who keeps his will and does not hesitate; It fully expresses the poet's love for the simple pastoral life, his understanding of labor and his friendly feelings for the working people; It fully expresses the poet's pursuit and yearning for an ideal world.

Second, Wang Wei

The word Maha, the number Mahaju. Wang Wei's landscape idyll, while depicting the natural beauty, reveals the leisure and sparse taste of idle life, seeking sustenance in Buddhism and landscapes. Wang Wei's landscape idylls skillfully use artistic compositional techniques.

His famous poems include "Autumn Evening in the Mountain House" and "Rain-Bearing Rim Chuan Zhuang Works".

3. Meng Haoran

Meng Haoran was born in the Tang Dynasty, and in his early years, he aspired to use the world, and after a difficult career and painful disappointment, he cultivated and retired for life. Meng Haoran's poems have unique attainments in art, and the later envy people called Meng Haoran and Wang Wei, another landscape poet in the Tang Dynasty, "Wang Meng". Meng Haoran was the first poet to create landscape poems in the Tang Dynasty, and "Looking at Dongting Lake as a Gift to Zhang Chengxiang" was written with majestic momentum and style.

Fourth, Wei Yingwu

Wei Yingwu is a poet of the landscape pastoral school, his poetic style is clear and exquisite, the poetry is rich in content, and the style is unique. Wei Yingwu's landscape poems often reveal a little loneliness in the quiet, in which the expression of emotions is controlled, which is really a kind of sad but not sad beauty of loneliness.

5. Liu Zongyuan

Its landscape travelogue is the most popular, all written after being degraded, and Yongzhou's work is even better. The exemplary works are "The Journey to the West Mountain Banquet", "The Story of Cobalt Pond", "The Story of the West Hill of Cobalt Pond" and so on. Directly depicting the landscape scenery, it is either steep and clean, or clear and beautiful, and reproduces the natural beauty with exquisite language.