The principle of total station coordinate measurement, how to determine the steps of total station c

The angular difference and distance between the observation point and the observation target can be directly measured by the total station, and the coordinates of the observation target or the position of the observation point relative to the known point can be calculated through the conversion relationship of trigonometry.

The observation data of these theodolite sections** can be transferred to a computer software program to automatically generate a map of the target area. Some total stations have an interface to the GPS system that can be extended, and the two can be combined to communicate with each other (GPS systems do not require a clear line of sight between the observation point and the observed object and more than two known points as a reference, while the total station can provide the accuracy of horizontal plane measurements).

Scope of application. Total stations are mainly used by land surveyors and civil engineers. At the same time, because of its ability to record, it is also widely used in topographic surveying (determining the red line range of roads, houses, etc.).

It is also used by archaeologists to record the location of cultural relics, and by the police to do crime scene investigations, accident scene reconstruction, and so on.

The total station is the main measuring instrument used in mining surveys. It is used to record the absolute position of the tunnel side walls, top and bottom relative to the ground for import into the corresponding CAD program and compare with the design of the tunnel.

Other measurements. 1. Angle measurement.

Most modern total stations measure angles by electron-optical scanning of cross-divided plates engraved on the lenses. A good total station can be accurate to the second, while the accuracy of a typical building total station is between 5 and 10 seconds.

2. Distance measurement.

The ranging principle of the total station is to send a modulated microwave or infrared signal from the photodiode installed in the coaxial telescope with a certain optical path, and the right-angle prism at the measurement point is reflected through the same optical path and returned to the sensor by the beamsplitter prism to receive feedback, and the distance is calculated by calculating the phase difference between the original signal and the reflected signal.

Most total stations require a multi-purpose prism at the measurement point to reflect the signal, which is usually measured over distances of several kilometers. However, some instruments can accomplish this process by the brightness of the object being measured, but only at a distance of a few hundred meters. EDM ranging can achieve an accurate accuracy, but the general land survey only takes an accuracy of 1mm.

Principle: To put it simply, two point coordinates (i.e., the measuring site and the backsight point) are separately proposed with the traverse adjustment, and the third point coordinates are calculated by the included angle distance and azimuth angle. The total station should be a combination of theodolite + rangefinder + measurement data processing system.

In highway engineering, the total station has been widely used, the main function of the total station is data acquisition and coordinate lofting, data acquisition is to know the pile position of a certain point on the ground, to use the total station to measure its coordinates; Coordinate lofting is the opposite of data acquisition, it is the coordinates of a certain point that are known to be determined by the total station to determine the position of the pile on the ground.

Coordinate measurement can be measured.

The measurement of the coordinates of a target point or a discrete point on an object in a certain coordinate system is called coordinate measurement. The main technical methods of coordinate measurement are: free station method, polar coordinate method, GPS single point positioning method, CSRTK method, astigmatism tracking method, laser scanning method.

The main instruments and equipment are electronic total stations, CES receivers, laser trackers, laser scanners and some measurement systems in industrial 3D measurement.

The above content refers to: Encyclopedia - Coordinate Measurement.

First of all, the total station should be set up, that is, staked out on the basis of the known coordinate system. After the station is set up, the measurement is carried out. A total station is actually a combination of a laser rangefinder and a theodolite.

The data it measures is only the distance and the ZD angle, according to these data and then converted and automatically processed, reflected in front of you is the coordinates (the distance angle between the space known point and the point to be found is known, not to convert the coordinates of the point to be found), of course, the premise is that the total station has established a coordinate system, that is, a station. The elevation adopts the principle of triangular elevation, and the angle becomes a vertical angle, which is very simple.

To learn the total station, you only need to know its internal principles, first of all, angle and ranging, then digital mapping, and finally construction lofting.

The error of the polar coordinate method, the main error ** is the direction error and the distance error, now the distance error is very small, negligible, the direction error is as, then the lateral error caused is as, s is the distance, the longer the distance, the greater the error. The rear intersection error is more complex, there is the error of the control point itself, there is the direction error, the relative position of the rear intersection point and the control point are related, generally speaking, the check conditions of the rear intersection point are more, and the accuracy should be higher.

Calculation of angular distances. It's just that this process is done by itself in the instrument.

When you go to school, you should buy a book of surveying and mapping, and read more, and it is better to have instrumentation.

Total station coordinate point positioning method: the station coordinates of the station are set by yourself. Then, find a known point to aim.

If the angle of the orientation point is known, the angle orientation is carried out on the intuition input azimuth; If the coordinates of the orientation point are known, enter the coordinates for backsight point coordinate orientation. After the orientation is over, one more observation is made to check the results of the orientation.

At present, the world's total station brands are mainly Leica, Topcon, Nikon, Nanfang, Suojia, etc., the total station uses a photoelectric scanning angle measurement system, and its types mainly include: coding disk angle measurement system, grating disk angle measurement system and dynamic (grating disk) Zeye spring angle measurement system and so on.