Why does a ball of lightning appear Why does lightning occur

This problem is still unsolvable in today's scientific community, and there are countless hypotheses, which you can basically find at once.

Thunder and lightning is because the water vapor in the cumulonimbus cloud produces static electricity when it is constantly moving, resulting in a voltage difference between the cloud and the ground, when the voltage difference is very large, it will break through the air, so that the air expands in an instant, heats and shines, the light emitted is lightning, and the huge sound emitted by the expansion ** is thunder.

According to different topographic and meteorological conditions, lightning can generally be divided into three categories: hot lightning, frontal lightning (hot front lightning and cold front lightning), and terrain lightning.

People usually call the clouds where lightning occurs thunderstorm clouds, in fact, there are several kinds of clouds that are related to lightning, such as stratocumulus clouds, Nimbostratus clouds, cumulonimbus clouds, cumulonimbus clouds, and the most important thing is cumulonimbus clouds.

The formation of clouds is the process of condensation of water vapor in the air to a saturated or supersaturated state for various reasons. Saturation of water vapour in the air is a necessary condition for the formation of clouds, and the main ways of this are:

1) The water vapor content remains unchanged, and the air is cooled and cooled;

2) The temperature remains unchanged and the water vapor content increases;

3) It not only increases the water vapor content, but also lowers the temperature.

But for cloud formation, the cooling process is the most important process. In the process of cooling, the cooling effect caused by the upward movement is the most common.

A cumulonimbus cloud is a type of cloud that forms during a strong vertical convection. Because the ground absorbs much more radiant heat from the sun than the air layer, so the ground temperature rises more during the day, and this warming is more obvious in summer, so the temperature of the atmosphere near the ground also rises due to heat conduction and heat radiation, and the gas temperature will inevitably expand, the density will decrease, and the pressure will also decrease, according to the principle of mechanics, it will rise, and the density of the air layer above will be relatively large, and it will sink. During the uplift, the hot air expands and lowers the pressure, and at the same time exchanges heat with the high-altitude and low-temperature air, so the water vapor in the rising air mass condenses and fog droplets appear, forming clouds.

During strong convection, the fog droplets in the clouds further cool down and become supercooled water droplets, ice crystals, or snowflakes, which gradually increase with altitude. At the freezing altitude (-10 degrees Celsius), the release of latent heat due to the massive freezing of supercooled water causes the cloud top to suddenly develop upwards and spread horizontally near the tropopause to form anvils, which is a distinctive feature of cumulonimbus clouds.

During the formation of cumulonimbus clouds, positive and negative charges accumulate in different parts of the cloud under the simultaneous action of the atmospheric electric field, the electrostatic effect of temperature difference and the electroelectric effect of fragmentation. When the charge accumulates to a certain extent, it will discharge between clouds or between clouds and ground, which is commonly referred to as lightning. So thunder and lightning are generated on rainy days.

The cloud has positive and negative electrodes, and lightning occurs when the positive and negative electrodes collide. It's like a spark in a short circuit in a wire at home.

Thunder is formed due to the friction of positive and negative charges between clouds and clouds in the atmosphere, which produces a violent discharge, which produces high temperatures, rapidly expands the atmosphere, and produces a deafening loud noise.

When atmospheric charges are constantly accumulating in the clouds. If the amount of charge becomes strong enough, lightning will occur. When lightning crosses the sky, it can quickly warm up the air along its path.

The heated air expands rapidly and violently slams into all directions as if it were happening. This causes a huge sound wave.

This is a chemical substance.

Generally, the color of lightning is blue, red, or white, but sometimes there are black lightning bolts as well.

This is because due to the action of sunlight, cosmic rays, electric fields of clouds, linear lightning and some physical and chemical factors in the atmosphere, a kind of chemically active particles will be produced in the sky, and under the action of electromagnetic field, this kind of particles will gather together, and can roll bigger and bigger like a snowball, forming balls of different sizes. This sphere does not emit energy, but it can persist for a long time, it has no bright light, it is opaque, so it can only be observed during the day. Black lightning is one of the most dangerous lightning bolts because it is easy to see it as a bird or something, and it happens as soon as you get close to it**.

Blue and white light is the different wavelengths of light seen by the naked eye, when the cloud movement is intense, the fire light - that is, lightning energy - is very large, it ionizes the air to produce short wavelength, high energy violet light, vice versa, is red light.

There are four types of lightning: linear, ribbon, rocket-shaped, and spherical. The most common is linear, and ball lightning occurs rarely.

Ball lightning is generally a fireball with a diameter of 10-20 centimeters and is red, yellow or orange. From the time it is generated to the time it disappears, it takes about 4-120 seconds, and the brightness and size are almost unchanged. Ball lightning has a strange temper, burrowing into cracks, often burrowing into doors and windows, chimneys, and even crevices, sometimes moving along wires at a speed of about 2 meters per second and burning.

It generally moves horizontally, sometimes staying in the air and not moving, or descending slowly. Some ball lightning bolts spin while moving, while others do.

It hisses when it moves, and makes a loud noise when it disappears, and the vibrational energy is enough to destroy a normal building. Because the air emits a chemical reaction to produce ozone and nitric oxide, the ball lightning has an unpleasant smell after it disappears.

On July 22, 1962, the top of Mount Tai Jade Emperor was in the midst of a thunderstorm. In the midst of lightning and thunder, a 15-centimeter-diameter red fireball rushed into the room through the closed glass crack. It flutters indoors at a speed of 2-3 meters per second for 3-4 seconds before escaping from the chimney.

** When the chimney is cut off a corner, a hot water bottle in the room is reduced to pieces under the impact of air waves. On July 25, 1981, after a thunderclap in the flower garden of Gaoqiao Station in Shanghai, two rare orange fireballs suddenly let out a piercing whistling sound and rolled down from the clouds. When it landed on the flower bed, two fireballs collided with a loud bang, and the dazzling light illuminated the surroundings as if it were day.

How is ball lightning formed? A physicist in the former Soviet Union believed that ball lightning was a bubble "blown" by lightning. During thunderstorms, the strength of the Earth's electric field increases by a factor of 1,000.

It hits the water droplets, and even the dendritic lightning that creates a strong field around the water droplets causes the water droplets to swell. However, this requires some kind of heterogeneity to fall into the small droplets, such as a grain of dust or a grain of sand. As the resistance of the electric current increases, the water decomposes into hydrogen and oxygen.

Hydrogen and oxygen burn to form a fireball. If, for some reason, the fireball is discharged prematurely, it happens**, and when the charge gradually wears off, the fireball disappears imperceptibly. If the air around the fireball is stationary, the fireball will disappear on its own after a few seconds.

It is easy to make lightning discharge, but it is impossible to destroy it. People have even shot fireballs with guns, but the fireballs have not. Ball lightning can fly because it is close to the density of air and can move with the air around it.

Therefore, in the event of ball lightning, it is safest to stand still and stand still.

Ball lightning is commonly known as rolling mines, a type of lightning that usually occurs under thunderstorms, which is a ball of lightning in the shape of a ball. It is a real physical phenomenon, it is very bright, slightly spherical in shape, and the diameter varies from about 15 to 30 centimeters. Usually it lasts only a few seconds, but there are records that last 1-2 minutes.

In addition to the usual orange and red, there are also blue, bright white, and dark green aura. Fireballs come in a variety of colors.

Ball lightning is also known as an electric fireball. Ball lightning is not lightning, it has almost nothing in common with lightning, so it is inaccurate to name this phenomenon "ball lightning", and ball lightning should be named "electro-optical fireball", that is, plasma luminous ball related to electromagnetic fields. Natural lightning is also called thunder and lightning.

The most common form of lightning is a line of lightning, which resembles a vertical and horizontal branch overhanging in the air, or a river with many tributaries on a map. In addition, there are less common bead-shaped lightning bolts in thunder and lightning. The lifespan of the electric fireball is generally a few seconds, and some can be as long as a few minutes.

Whereas, the lifespan of ordinary dendrites is less than 1 second.

An electro-optical fireball is a plasma localized in the appropriate magnetic field geomorphological space and velocity space, which derives energy from its surroundings, and the diameter of the plasma region depends on the frequency of the external field, thus producing resonance. The knowledge of electric fireballs had been studied by Nikola Tesla in the first years of the 20th century, but later lost with the death of the great genius. Tesla believes that the raw energy is not enough to sustain the fireball, and there must be another energy source.

I pour!The biggest difference between them is that the Thunder is an Audi genuine (with a double diamond marking) and the Thunderbolt is a pirated copy of the commissary. It is also said that 1a and 2a, then thunder a is suitable for gyro 2a, and thunder b and s are online 1a.

Ball lightning is a type of lightning that is more harmful. Ball lightning is a form of lightning, also known as ball lightning, and is often called rolling mines. The average diameter of ball lightning is 25 centimeters, most are between 10 and 100 centimeters, the small ones are only centimeters, and the largest ones are several meters in diameter.

Ball lightning also occasionally has a blue halo that extends outwards in the ring or center, emitting sparks or rays. The color is usually orange-red or red, but yellow, blue, and green can also be seen when it appears in a particularly bright and dazzling bright light. Its lifespan is only 1.5 seconds, and the longest can be several minutes.

The walking route of ball lightning is generally to descend directly from a high altitude and suddenly change direction to move horizontally when approaching the groundSome suddenly appear on the ground, bending forward;There are also those that roll along the surface and rotate rapidly;The speed of movement is often 1 2 meters per second. It can pass through doors and windows, and it is common to enter buildings after passing through chimneys, and it can even slide on wires, sometimes making a "buzzing" sound. Most of the fireballs disappear silently, and some have a ** sound when they disappear, which can cause damage, and even collapse buildings, killing people and livestock.

After encountering people and objects, an astonishing ** will occur, resulting in a pungent smell, causing **, fire and other accidents. The way to prevent ball lightning is to close doors and windows tightly during thunderstorms to avoid wind. If you encounter a floating "fireball", gently avoid it and never touch it.

Scientists speculate that ball lightning is a vortex of gas that occurs at a sharp bend in the lightning pathway and is a mixture of highly charged gases composed mainly of oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and a small amount of hydrogen oxide. Usually occurs after dendritic lightning, it seems that dendritic lightning is necessary for the production of ball lightning. Ball lightning is rare, making it difficult to study and remains a mystery in nature.

Lightning Stroke Definition: A weather phenomenon in which strong positive and negative charge discharges and detonation are formed between convective cumulonimbus clouds, inside and above clouds, or between clouds and the ground.

The discharge between the clouds is harmful to the aircraft and has little impact on the buildings, people and animals on the ground, but the discharge of the clouds to the earth is very harmful to buildings, electronic and electrical equipment and people and animals. Once it causes harm to all things, it can become a lightning strike. The reason is that one part of the charged cloud and the other part of the cloud with a different charge, or the rapid discharge of the charged cloud to the earth.

This rapid discharge process produces intense lightning accompanied by a loud sound. This is what we see with lightning and thunder. Of course, the discharge between the clouds is mainly harmful to aircraft and has no great impact on buildings, people and animals on the ground, and the discharge of clouds to the earth is very harmful to buildings, electrical and electronic equipment, and people and animals.

In general, there are three main forms of lightning strikes: one is the rapid discharge between the charged clouds and a certain point on the earth, which is called "direct lightning". The second is that the charged cloud layer is charged with a heterogeneous charge in a certain area of the ground due to electrostatic induction.

When direct lightning occurs, the cloud charge disappears quickly, and some areas of the ground due to the large dispersion resistance, resulting in local high voltage, or due to the direct lightning discharge process, the strong pulse current to the surrounding wires or metal objects to produce electromagnetic induction of high voltage resulting in the phenomenon of lightning strike, called "secondary lightning" or "induced lightning". The third is the "spherical mine".

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I don't know... All I know is what a critical hit is...