How to understand the spatiotemporal structure of world economic history

Mankind's scientific understanding of the structure of space-time began with the establishment of the special theory of relativity at the beginning of this century, which revealed the connection between space, time and material motion, and proposed for the first time two different coordinate system pairs of relative motion"Same space-time event"This is a leap forward in the human view of time and space. After that, Einstein combined the gravitational field with space-time geometry to establish the general theory of relativity; That is, to study the spatio-temporal relations of non-inertial frames. General relativity holds that the motion of any matter is related to the gravitational field, and we live in a curved Riemannian space.

Since then, scientists have conducted various experiments, and the results show that the judgment of general relativity is correct, which undoubtedly establishes the position of relativity in the field of space-time research.

So to try to understand the theory of space-time, we must start by understanding the special theory of relativity.

Time and space are an illusion. If you want to understand time and space, don't understand it from the concept first, you must first start to let go from the heart, let go of these greedy things. This drop is not for nothing.

Someone said, "I put down my BMW!" "Then smashed the car. That's not letting go, it's hate. What is Laydown? It should be driven or driven, but it didn't feel like it was a BMW.

A friend said: "I always drove openly, and when someone else was next to his car, he would get down, shout loudly, and scold people hard. "What he has disclosed is a car worth more than 400,000 yuan. I told her, "Just go back and let your husband change to a little Xiali." ”

You can take a look at Stephen Hawking's "A Brief History of Time", which is very well written.

The lecture hall exploring the mysteries of the universe, from the mechanical epiphany produced by Newton's apple, to Einstein's theory of relativity, to quantum theory, and string theory, allowed me to better understand the structure of the universe from the concept of time and space universe. Each segment is accompanied by a beautiful background**, imagining the distant time and space to bring the cleansing of the soul. The structure of the universe.

If space-time is curved, is it possible for a beam of light to travel along the curved space and eventually return to where it began? Does this mean that we can look up into space and see the light that was emitted from Earth a long time ago? Can we see our own past?

The analogy that space-time is curved is often used to describe the possible "shapes" of the universe, but this analogy is a bit flawed, so drawing conclusions based on this can lead you astray.

First, our universe remains flat as far as our current measurements are concerned. This means that the light that is emitted travels forever in a straight line and never returns. There is a slight error in this measurement, so it is still possible that our universe is just an "open" or "closed" geometry.

In an open universe, parallel rays would go their separate ways as they propagated forward and never returned. In a closed universe, light will eventually return, provided that the universe expands slowly enough.

An object bends the surrounding space, time, and when the object has a large relative mass (e.g., a star), this bending causes anything else that passes by it, even light, to change its path. The general theory of relativity states that the curvature of space-time will produce gravity. When light passes over some massive celestial body, its path is curved, which stems from the curvature of space-time that it forms along the massive object.

The bending is thus precisely geometrically defined. But as the number of dimensions increases, the definition becomes much more complicated, and the degree of curvature can no longer be described as a number as in the case of a circle, but must be spoken"Curvature"。Let's take a simple case of a cylindrical surface, which is a two-dimensional surface (Fig. approx., the curvature measured parallel to its axis of symmetry is zero, and the curvature in the perpendicular direction is equal to the circle that is truncated.

In fact, curved space-time is easy to understand. Just think of it as a spherical field that surrounds an object. The spherical surface of a spherical field is curved, so space-time is curved. For details, please refer to: Web Links.

Anthony Giddens is a well-known British sociologist who enjoys a high position and prestige in the international academic community, and his main theories are structural theory and modernity theory, among which his ideas of modernity have been valued and recognized worldwide for the profundity of his analysis, the integrity of the system and the originality of his insights.

Giddens points out that the dynamic mechanisms of modernity are spatiotemporal separation, delocalization, and reflective surveillance, and that these three mechanisms are linked to trust. At the same time, a stable order leads to trust and a new understanding of the foundations of ontological security. Through the study of trust in modern society, it can be concluded that with trust modernity, we can get a better transformation, and the social order will be more stable, which is conducive to the development of society.

Separation of time and space: Under the conditions of modernity, through the nurturing of various absent factors, the location becomes unpredictable, and social activities themselves are no longer regional, but strongly influenced by distant factors. With the development of time, space has gradually appeared, newspapers, television, the Internet and other communication media and the development of communication technology have made people's actions out of a specific situation, no longer restricted by any such scene and free to stretch, time and space separation has accelerated the expansion and development speed of modern society.

Giddens argues that the transformation of modern society is driven by three forces: the first is the separation and reorganization of time and space. Modernity leads to globalization when time is freed from the constraints of a specific space, allowing modern organizations to exercise regular control over social relations across time and space distances.

The second is the "detachment" of the social structure, in which many areas of daily life are detached from individual experience and symbolized, so that the trust of those abstract systems becomes the basis for people's daily actions and decisions, making some areas of life less risky and establishing a way of social influence that no one can directly control. The third is reflexivity, pre-modern society is maintained through tradition or custom, and modern society maintained by tradition or custom relies on reason, but does not regard it as a necessary authority, on the contrary, doubt is a universal feature of presentness, so the self must be produced reflexively, choosing among pluralistic authorities. In other words, trust in the new context of modernity has changed in two main ways:

First, it does not occur under the influence of pre-existing or natural forces, but under the conditions of man-made creation; Second, driven by the dimension of social institutions, the scope of human activities will become wider and wider, and trust can exist.

Space-time is four-dimensional, i.e., it needs to be represented by four quantities. (Analogous to the two-dimensional surface of a sphere, any point on the earth can be represented by latitude and longitude.) For the sake of understanding, space-time can be understood by simplifying it into two dimensions.

Think of a flattened piece of cloth as space-time. Take some balls and put them on this piece of cloth, the position of the ball on the cloth will be concave downward, and the originally flat cloth will be bent at the place where the ball is placed. The sphere is analogous to the stars in the universe, the cloth is analogous to space-time, and the bending of the sphere on the cloth is analogous to the bending of space-time.

Note that this is a visual analogy and does not solve the problem of principle. If you want to understand the curvature of space-time in principle, please refer to the information

Human beings originally live in an unknown space, human beings control everything that happens with time, human aging is due to gravitational force, if you go to space, you can delay aging n times, since it is completely caused by space, 1, but space is under pressure, either ** or inconceivable times, such as going back to the past, this is absolutely possible.

Strength, speed reaches a sufficient value, space-time bends, a time tunnel appears, and a space-time journey is made.

He's done talking, and there's nothing to say.

Time and space are the framework of existence, which is the concept of classical physics, since time and space are objective and absolute, then the structure of time and space cannot be changed or transcended, and painting is also breaking free from the shackles of canvas and paint.

Castelvicaro's dilemma lies in the fact that physical space-time is the boundary of eternity, and the drama presented in the three-dimensional space and time must be carefully placed in the absolute space-time, otherwise the drama will become absurd.

You guys are mentally prepared for whoever writes this answer to see the consequences.

TiMi students, right? Which department?

A: The temporal pattern of community structure: It mainly refers to community fluctuations (such as seasonal changes in communities) and community succession.

Spatial pattern of community structure: including horizontal pattern and vertical pattern. Ecological significance:

The study of the spatiotemporal pattern of community structure is one of the indispensable contents for the study of community nature and function, community change or succession.

Community structure: All organisms within a community that are directly or indirectly related to each other.

Space and time could have been defined arbitrarily, but there is usually only one type of problem-solving problem, with a few exceptions.

Einstein could not solve the problems of the 19th century, so he proposed a view of space-time, and today we find that this view of space-time has such and such problems, and can solve the problems of the 19th century, so we have been asking for the revision of the theory of relativity.

See also: Science, Time, Vacuum, Relativity, Objective, Universal Relativity.

To be precise, the view of space-time in the special theory of relativity is not perfect, and it is not until the general theory of relativity that a complete and self-consistent view of space-time is truly established.

Before the theory of relativity, it was thought that space and time were merely fixed stages on which events occurred, but the stage was not affected by the events that occurred, even in the special theory of relativity. The motion of the object, the attraction and repulsion of the force, but the simple continuation of time and space without being affected. It is natural to think that space and time will go on forever.

However, in general relativity, the situation is quite different. Now space and time are kinetic forces: when an object moves, or when a force acts, it affects the curvature of space and time, and the structure of space-time in turn affects the motion of the object and the mode of action of the force.

Space and time not only affect everything that happens in the universe, but are also affected by the latter. In the decades since the theory of relativity was proposed, this new understanding of space and time is about to revolutionize our view of the universe.

The speed of light is constant, and space-time is relative.