What exactly are steroids What are steroids What are steroids?

1. Steroids are a general term for a large class of cyclopentadense hydrophenanthrene derivatives widely distributed in the biological world, also known as steroids and steroid compounds. Steroid compounds do not contain bound fatty acids and are non-saponifiable lipids; These compounds are isoprene-like substances that are formed by triterpene cyclization followed by internal molecular recombination and chemical modification.

2. Steroids include sterols (such as cholesterol, lanosterol, sitosterol, stigmasterol, ergosterol), bile acids and bile alcohol, steroid hormones (such as adrenocorticotropic hormones, androgens, estrogen), ecdysone of insects, cardiac glycosides and saponinone aglycones and toad venom. In addition, there are synthetic steroid drugs such as anti-inflammatory agents (hydroprednisone, dexamethasone), steroid drugs that promote protein synthesis, and oral contraceptives. Anabolic steroids are similar to synthetic male sex hormones.

They are a class of chemically synthesized derivatives that are structurally and actively similar to the human male hormone testosterone.

Explanation of steroids.

A class of organic compounds. It is widely found in animals and plants, and generally has important physiological functions, such as cholesoliditol, bile acid, vitamin D, saponin and sex hormones.

Word decomposition Explanation of class Short draft of class ruler (class) è synthesis of many similar things: kind. Taxa.

Category. Book. Classify.

Mankind. Similar, as if: similar.

Similar. Radical : m.

1 Pinyin 2 Annotations.

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Sterols are derivatives of cyclopentane polyhydrophenanthrene, also known as steroids, which are lipid compounds. Such compounds are widely distributed in the biological world. Cholesterol, steroid hormones, and bile acids are the main ones in animals.

Among them, cholesterol is the most important, which is the precursor of the latter two types of compounds. One end of the cholesterol molecule has a hydroxyl group, which is polar (hydrophilic); At the other end of the molecule, there is a hydrocarbon chain and cyclopentane polyhydrophenanthrene ring structure, which is a non-polar tail (hydrophobic), so it belongs to the same polar lipid as phospholipids. Cholesterol and cholesteryl esters produced from long-chain fatty acids are important components of animal plasma proteins and cell membranes.

Plant cells contain other sterols such as stigmasterol, which differs from cholesterol in that there is a double bond between C22C23, which can be converted into steroid hormones (sex hormones and adrenocorticotropic hormones) and bile acids. Bile acids are steroid acids produced by the liver that reduce surface tension and promote fat emulsification to aid digestion and absorption of fat deficiency in the intestine. There are several bile acids, the most important of which are bile acids, which bind to glycine or taurine (H2NCH2CH2SO3H) through peptide bonds in the liver to produce glycocholic acid or taurocholic acid, respectively.

The 7-dehydrocholesterol below humans** is also converted by cholesterol. This compound can be converted into vitamin D3 after exposure to ultraviolet light, so as long as you get more sunlight, you don't need to consume vitamin D. Animals can synthesize cholesterol from acetyl-CoA and can also ingest cholesterol from animal foods as a supplement to biosynthesis, but the cholesterol ingested is not well absorbed by humans, omnivores, and carnivores.

The total plasma cholesterol of normal people is 150 250 mg per 100 ml, if it is high for a long time, it may induce gallstones, and it is also the leading agent of arteriosclerosis.