If the concentration is increased, will the active transport be accelerated?

OK. Active transport is a phenomenon in which substances enter and exit the membrane inside and outside the membrane against the concentration gradient under the action of energy with the help of a carrier. So it has nothing to do with the concentration difference.

Within a certain concentration range, if the concentration is increased, the active transport will be accelerated. But the concentration does not increase after a certain value because the carrier protein is already saturated.

Probably not, active transport is transported by carrier proteins, and it is probably useless to increase the concentration difference!

No, active transport has nothing to do with concentration, only with energy and carrier. If the cells don't need it, the concentration difference is useless.

Yes, the relevant carriers on the membrane that are not involved in transport will be fully mobilized, and when the carriers are working, increasing the concentration will not speed up the active transport, and if the concentration is very large, it will cause damage to the cells.

No... Carrier proteins are required for active transport...

The number of carrier proteins is certain and does not change with the concentration of the substance!

Yes, the relevant carriers on the membrane that are not involved in the transport will be fully mobilized.

Generally speaking: within a certain concentration range, increasing the concentration is conducive to the active transport of the substance, but the concentration does not change when it reaches a certain value, and the carrier reaches saturation at this time (when the carrier is all working). For individual plants, high concentrations at this time can cause cells to have difficulty absorbing water or losing water.

No, it depends on the amount of carrier protein.

The greater the concentration difference, the change in active transport: the main problem is the concentration difference. The greater the concentration difference, the faster the active transport.

Because the difference in concentration creates pressure, which causes one substance to move to the other, half of the high concentration flows to the low concentration.

Active transport: From low to high concentrations, energy is consumed, and carrier proteins are required. Active transport is mainly related to oxygen, substrate concentration, enzyme concentration, temperature.

Under certain conditions, the concentration of substrate is getting larger and larger, and the transportation is getting faster and faster, but beyond a certain concentration, it will not have an effect, which is a comprehensive problem.

Carrier proteins that are actively transported.

It has the ability to transport the carnage from the low concentration area to the high concentration area. They have a specific receptor domain that can bind to the carrier, which has a strong affinity for the carrier, and the carrier protein will fix the carrier after the carrier binds to it, and then by changing its spatial structure, the domain that binds the carrier opens to the other side of the biofilm, and the bound carrier is released.

Active transport is the case of pro-concentration transport, from the low concentration side to the high concentration side, which requires the assistance of carrier proteins, and also needs to consume the energy released by the intracellular chemical reaction, and the active transport is the active selection of substances by the cell, so that the cell is free from the shackles of concentration gradient.

As long as the cell "wants", it can be transported in either in the forward or reverse concentration gradient. Active transport at the same concentration may be less energy-efficient than active transport at the opposite concentration.

Active transport refers to the transport mode of substances along the inverse chemical concentration gradient, which not only requires the help of a specific transport protein molecule embedded in the cell membrane as a carrier, but also must consume the energy generated by cellular metabolism to complete.

First, the carrier protein obtains energy from the energy released by ATP aqueous release and converts it into an activation carrier, which binds to substances inside or outside the membrane to form a complex called an ion pump or proton pump.

Actively transported carrier proteins have the ability to transport the carrier from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration. They have a specific receptor domain that binds to the carrier, which has a strong affinity for the carrier, and the carrier protein immobilizes the carrier after the carrier bind.

It is a small molecule or ion that moves from a low concentration region to a high concentration area. Substances in active transport move from a low-concentration zone to a high-concentration zone.

Substances in active transport have a difference along the inverse chemical concentration gradient (the movement of a substance from a low concentration zone to a high concentration zone). Active transport is carried by a specific transport protein molecule embedded in the cell membrane (each substance is transported by a specialized carrier); Active transport is done by consuming the energy produced by cellular metabolism.

Features of active transport:

Reverse concentration gradient transport.

Requires energy or is coupled to a process that releases energy, sensitive to metabolic toxicity.

Dependent on membrane transport proteins.

Selective and specific.

Active transport refers to the process of transporting substances into or out of the cell membrane under the action of energy with the assistance of a carrier against a concentration gradient (electrochemical gradient).

It is an energy-dissipating process assisted by the carrier, when the concentration of the transported external substance is low, the transport rate gradually increases with the increase of concentration, but when the combination of the carrier and the transported substance reaches saturation, the transport rate will no longer increase, and the whole process is not affected by the internal concentration, that is, the concentration difference is irrelevant.

inverse concentration gradient (inverse chemical gradient) transport; requires energy (directly powered by ATP) or is coupled to a process that releases energy (co-transport) and is sensitive to metabolic toxicity; all have carrier proteins and are dependent on membrane transport proteins; Selective and specific.

Features of active transport:

The characteristics of active transportation are:

inverse concentration gradient (inverse chemical gradient) transport;

requires energy (directly powered by ATP) or is coupled to a process that releases energy (co-transport) and is sensitive to metabolic toxicity;

all have carrier proteins and are dependent on membrane transport proteins;

Selective and specific.

But active transport can also be from high concentration to low concentration, for example, sodium ion is active transport mode in the body, but when you eat too salty, the sodium ion concentration will be higher than the intracellular sodium ion concentration, then the active transport of the cell is from high concentration to low concentration.

Cotransport is a type of active transportation that relies on the indirect supply of energy. The energy required for the movement of matter across the membrane comes from the electrochemical concentration gradient of ions on both sides of the membrane, and this electrochemical potential is maintained by a sodium-potassium pump or proton pump. Animal cells are often driven by Na+ concentration gradients on both sides of the membrane, and H+ concentration gradients are often used in plant cells and bacteria.

According to the direction of material transport and the direction of ion transfer along the concentration gradient, synergistic transport can be divided into: symport and antiport

The counterpart to this is passive transport. It is divided into free diffusion and assisted diffusion. Free diffusion is characterized by: diffusion along a concentration gradient (or electrochemical gradient); There is no need to provide energy; Without the assistance of membrane proteins.

Assisted diffusion is characterized by its transport characteristics: higher transport rate than free diffusion; the presence of a maximum transfer rate; Within a certain limit, the rate of transport is proportional to the concentration of the substance. If a certain limit is exceeded, the concentration will increase again, and the transportation will not increase.

Because the binding site of the carrier protein on the membrane has reached saturation; Specific, i.e., binding to a specific solute.

The definition of active transport on page 71 of the high school biology compulsory course is as follows: transport from the low-concentration side to the high-concentration side requires the assistance of carrier proteins, and at the same time, it also needs to consume the energy released by intracellular chemical reactions, which is called active transportation.

By definition, reverse concentration gradient transport seems to be a necessary condition or characteristic of active transport, which is what many people, including students, think.

I can't help but think of a question, the small intestinal epithelial cells actively absorb glucose, and glucose is transported by assisted diffusion in tissue cells, which gives you a question: just after eating, the glucose concentration in the small intestine must be greater than that of the small intestinal epithelial cells, and at this time, will it not be actively transported? The same carrier, its protein structure is the same, why does it consume energy when transporting from low concentration to high concentration, and suddenly change its appearance without consuming energy when transporting from high concentration to low concentration?

Or is there two ways of absorption by small intestinal epithelial cells, using assisted diffusion when the concentration is at the same concentration, and switching to active transport as soon as the concentration is reversed?

In my opinion, the essence of active transport lies in the need for carrier proteins and the need for energy consumption, not in concentration differences. Whether or not to adopt active transport depends on the needs of cellular life activities, and the inverse concentration is not the essential characteristic of active transport, but most of the time the inverse concentration transport we see is just active transport. However, it is also emphasized in this material that active transport will also be carried out along the concentration gradient, so we should correct the erroneous view that active transport must be inverse to the concentration gradient, which is incomplete.

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