Who exactly produces lymphokines?

Both T cells and effector T cells produce lymphokines. In humoral immunity, T cells produce lymphokines, which promotes the proliferation of B cells and differentiates into plasma cells and memory cells. In cellular immunity, effector T cells produce lymphokines plus immune function.

In the college entrance examination, you will not be asked directly which cells you can produce lymphokines. Generally, you are drawn a schematic diagram of the immune process, and then you are asked which cells can produce lymphokines in the diagram, and if both T cells and effector T cells are drawn in the diagram, you will answer. If you draw only one, you will answer only one.

"Lymphokines" is a class of cytokines that are secreted by T helper lymphocytes and have an activating effect on cytotoxic T cells.

Lymphokines, a hormone-like polypeptide substance produced by activated lymphocytes, does not have an antibody structure and cannot bind to antigens.

Different lymphokines can exhibit a variety of biological activities and can act on the corresponding target cells.

Causes changes in the characteristics or function of target cells.

Lymphocytes use lymphokines to act on nearby or distant target cells.

This parallels the role of antibodies and is an important way to achieve immune effects and immunomodulatory functions.

In humoral immunity, lymphokines play the role of promoting B cell proliferation and differentiation.

Its role in cellular immunity is to promote the action of immune cells such as effector T cells and strengthen their attack on target cells.

Protein. A class of cytokines, hormone-like peptide substances produced by activated lymphocytes, do not have a structure of antibodies and cannot bind to antigens. Different lymphokines can exhibit a variety of biological activities, which can act on the corresponding target cells and cause changes in the characteristics or functions of the target cells.

Lymphocytes use lymphokines to act on nearby or distant target cells, which is parallel to the action of antibodies, and is a very important way to achieve immune effects and immunomodulatory functions.

The amount of lymphokine in normal humans and animals is very small, and it is not easy to detect or extract from the body. Various lymphokines were initially discovered from lymphocyte culture supernatants cultured in vitro. The concentration of lymphokines in this supernatant is very low, and its biological activity can only be detected by in vitro assays.

Since 1966, it has been reported that there are nearly 100 lymphoid factors with different names, most of which lack research on molecular structure, and are only named and classified according to their biological activities, which has certain practical significance, but is easy to cause confusion. For example, substances with the same molecular structure can be called several factors with different names because they have different biological activities;

It is generally believed that there are at least four aspects to be understood to study a factor:

The production of lymphokines, including the types of factor-producing cells, the conditions and regulatory mechanisms of factor production.

The material properties of lymphoid factors, including the physical and chemical properties, molecular structure and genetic structure of the factors.

The functional activity of lymphokines includes the types of target cells on which the factor acts, the molecular structure of the factor receptor on the target cells, the genetic characteristics of the receptor, the mechanism of the target cell response to the factor, and the role of the factor in the whole body.

Practical applications of lymphokines, including the possibility of factor applications in biomedical research and clinical diagnostics**.