The composition of astronomical stars and what matter stars are made of

This is a universal phenomenon in the universe and is called a trimer. Three stars revolve around the common center of gravity.

Generally speaking, the probability of having a planetary system such as a binary star and a trimeric star is not as great as that of a single star, and even if there is, the planets generally do not revolve around one of the stars, but around the common center of gravity of the stars, and the orbit is not elliptical, but a very complex curve, which causes the instantaneous distance between the terrestrial planets they carry and the parent stars to vary greatly, so the environment is very unstable and cannot guarantee the evolution of life, so it is impossible for higher life to exist.

In order for terrestrial planets to have the possibility of higher life, the requirements for their parent stars are very high, generally single stars or although they are one of the double stars, the distance between the two stars must be far enough that the planet can only revolve around one of them, and the parent star must remain generally stable for billions of years (not supermassive stars with very short lifespans and extremely unstable variable stars), and the surface temperature should not be too high (the ultraviolet radiation of stars above 1w degrees Celsius is too strong to be conducive to the survival of life). There is a common name for this type of star, which is called a sun-type star. Of the more than 200 billion stars in the Milky Way, just over 1 million meet this condition.

Moreover, not every solar-type star will have an eligible terrestrial planet.

Go and see Liu Xinci's "Three-Body Problem", although it is science fiction**, many things in it are true, especially the description of the three stars.

The evolution of stars is mainly divided into four periods, namely juvenile, prime, recession and death. At its most spallation, the star is actually just a giant molecular cloud at the beginning, which is obscured by dense nebulae gas and dust in the initial stage, making it difficult to observe, and is called a Bock spheroid at this time. After that, the central temperature of the spherical object will be particularly high, allowing the star to emit light on its own, reaching a static equilibrium.

Over time, the stars enter the middle age of the stars, forming red giants and supergiants. In recessions, stars die and may become neutron stars or black holes.

During the red giant phase, the matter inside the planet no longer undergoes thermonuclear reactions, but because the pressure on the core of the outer shell increases, it will cause other shape changes. Physics connects the internal motion of stars and the production of energy, and a change in one factor causes a change in the whole. The gas is in motion, and this movement continues under the influence of gravity, and the first stars are formed.

In the middle stage, there will be a nuclear reaction inside, and after one reaction will be completed, another reaction will begin, until all the fuel is exhausted. In the final fateful stage, perseverance still collapses or erupts under the influence of gravity, which may cause some to become nebula gas, and another part to become various other celestial objects, such as white dwarfs.

The material of most stars is gaseous, and the effect of heat conduction is not very large, so the interior is very hot. In the final stage of evolution, a small feather can cause a change in gravity, shrink stars, and cause giant molecular clouds to collide constantly. At this time, it is possible to start a non-stop explosion, causing some high-speed material to be thrown out of the star.

After that, the megamolecular cloud fragments will be broken down into smaller pieces and will drift through the universe. So the life of a star actually has a program, it seems to be very short, and the evolution time is very long, much more than the lifespan of humans.

Stars are made of plasma, the elements are hydrogen, helium, carbon, oxygen, neon, silicon and other ions, most of which are hydrogen, and the degree to which hydrogen burns is the lifetime stage of the star.

Star formation is due to the fact that its main component is hydrogen, and the ignition temperature of hydrogen is lower than that of other elements, so the first stage of stellar evolution is always the combustion phase of hydrogen, that is, the main sequence stage.

More than 90% of the star's time is in the hydrogen combustion phase, the main sequence phase. Statistically speaking, this indicates that there is a better chance of finding a star in the main sequence phase. This is the basic reason why most of the observed stars are main-sequence stars.

The evolutionary stage of a star.

1. Formation. At a certain point in the development of the universe, the universe is filled with uniform clouds of neutral atomic gas, and the large gas clouds are unstable due to their own gravitational attraction and collapse. In this way, the star enters the formation phase.

2. Stability period.

During the contraction process, the density of the main sequence star increases, and a part of the shrinking air cloud reaches the critical point under the new conditions, and a small perturbation can cause a new local collapse.

3. Later years. Since the main component of star formation is hydrogen, and the ignition temperature of hydrogen is lower than that of other elements, the first stage of stellar evolution is always the combustion phase of hydrogen, that is, the main sequence stage.

4. Endgame. Stars with small masses (such as the Sun) will expand at first, and at this stage the star will be called a red giant, and then it will collapse and become a white dwarf, radiate, lose energy, become a black dwarf, and eventually disappear.

Massive stars will become red supergiants, and they will choose to end their lives in the form of supernova explosions, and eventually become neutron stars or black holes.

Every star that emits its own light is a "sun", like our sun. That is, every star is a large planet of heat-generating gas. It's so hot on a star that putting a piece of steel on it melts in the snap of a finger.

On a colder star, the matter is almost close to fluid, a bit like molten iron in a furnace. There are very old and completely cooled stars with a very dense mass of about 60 kg cm3, and these stars are called "dead planets".

Astronomers use an instrument called an "astronomical telescope" to observe the light emitted by the star, from which they can know what material is on each planet, or the temperature of each planet. The planets also have different colors, with white, blue, yellow, and red. The presence of chemical elements on the planet can be judged by color.

Each planet emits a different spectrum, which means that the temperature of each planet is different, and the temperature of the planet can be determined by the spectrum.

Fusion refers to the generation of heavier elements, and fission is the generation of lighter elements. In fact, heavy metal elements are not produced in supernovae, but the core of supernovae existed before it. Supernovae are also stars, and the energy of perseverance comes from fusion, and the heavy elements generated during the fusion process will continue to sink into the star to form the inner core.

If you want to make a heavy metal element like gold, then the star is at least 4 times that of the sun, so you just think about why gold is so expensive, if you want to change the heavy element, it will be a very large star (elements without * in the periodic table can be formed in nature).

And the demise of stars is different. A small star like our sun dies when its inner core turns iron and becomes a white dwarf.

If it is a supernova, the powerful energy generated by fusion will eventually be unbearable for the inner core to bear and will be large**, and the strong energy is enough to make the matter in the supernova undergo reverse change and fission, so most of the previously generated heavy elements are decomposed into lighter elements except for a very small part of being thrown into the universe, forming molecular clouds, waiting for the formation of new stars (this is why there are more metal elements in new stars than old stars: old stars have reached the late stage of fusion, and there are almost only the most harmonious heavy elements, Newborn stars, on the other hand, have a wide range of elements from heavy to light produced by the fission of the previous star. ）

And there are a few big red stars because their own core is too heavy, the strong gravity generated by the matter collapses inward, which produces an infinite cycle of heavier core and stronger gravity, and eventually will produce a gravity that even light cannot escape, at that time, it will become the most terrifying and mysterious black hole in the whole universe.

In the same way that spectroscopic analysis is carried out in a terrestrial laboratory, the spectra of a star can be analyzed to determine the amount of elements in the star's atmosphere that form various spectral lines, although the situation is much more complex than that of a general spectral analysis on the ground. Measurements over the years have shown that the chemical composition of a normal stellar atmosphere is similar to that of the Sun. In terms of mass, hydrogen is the most, followed by helium, and the rest are oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, neon, silicon, magnesium, iron, sulfur, etc.

However, there are also some stellar atmospheres with different chemical composition from the solar atmosphere, such as Wolfraille, which is rich in carbon and nitrogen-rich (i.e., there is a difference between carbon and nitrogen order). However, it is still a question whether this can be attributed to the high content of certain elements.

Theoretical analysis shows that in the process of evolution, the chemical composition of stars will gradually change with the change of thermonuclear reaction process, and the content of heavy elements will increase, but the chemical composition of the star atmosphere generally changes little.

Stars are celestial bodies that emit light on their own, and are made up of red-hot gas. Stars are relative to planets and have relatively fixed positions. The Sun is a star.

Astronomers believe that stars are formed by the gradual condensation of a swirling cloud of gas and dust. The gases that make up stars are mostly hydrogen, helium to a lesser extent, iron, carbon and other elements. Hydrogen bomb-like thermonuclear reactions are constantly taking place inside the star, which produces a huge amount of energy and emits powerful light.

The surface temperature of a star ranges from a few hundred degrees Celsius to tens of thousands of degrees Celsius, and the inner core temperature can reach tens of millions or even hundreds of millions of degrees Celsius. Because the light emitted by a star is so powerful, people cannot see the material inside it, and it can only be understood by scientists and astronomers through complex calculations with precision instruments.

Stars are huge balls of hot gas, in which matter exists in the form of plasma gas.

Among the constituent elements of the main sequence star, most of it is hydrogen, which accounts for about 70% of 75%, followed by helium, which accounts for about 20% of 23%. The proportion of other elements is generally not more than 2%, among these elements, carbon accounts for the majority, and others include oxygen, neon, nitrogen, and sodium. Magnesium, aluminum, calcium...

Some also contain iron and heavy metals heavier than iron.

In newly formed stars, the ratio of hydrogen and helium is higher. In stars in late evolutionary stages, the ratio of hydrogen and helium decreases and the proportion of other elements increases. In white dwarfs, the vast majority is carbon.

In a neutron star, there is an outer layer dominated by iron and an interior dominated by neutrons, with little other elements.

Stars are made of what is laughing and sneering (the god of divination).

a.Gas (correct answer).

b.Liquid. c.Solid spine.

d.A mixture of all three.

A celestial ephemerum system composed of many stars is called ().

a.Galaxy. b.Star cluster.

c.The stars are envious and trembling.

d.Star Association. Correct answer: Brother Star is defeated.

Part of the Milky Way he is.

There are eight planets in our solar system, as well as many dwarf and asteroids. However, there are nearly 200 billion stars in the Milky Way, and it is difficult to directly observe extrasolar planets with current human observation methods, but we can infer the existence of planets through the influence of planets on the parent star. At present, the main methods of human exploration of extrasolar planets include planetary transit, stellar gravitational inhibition, and special relativity effect.

Among them, planetary transit is the most important method, and more than 90% of our observations of extrasolar planets are obtained through this method. A transit of a planet is when a planet obscures the light of some stars as it passes between the star and the Earth. The brightness of the star seen by the observer will change slightly, and if the star is continued to be observed, the circumference of the planet and the orbital radius of the planet will be obtained.

Astronomical observations have shown that almost every star has at least one planet around it. Although planets have not yet been found around many stars, this may be a limitation of planetary transits. It's just that there are no planets with small radii or distant planets for the time being.

For example, Sirius is a binary star system. At the moment, astronomers have not found planets around Sirius. For the solar system's closest star system, "Centauri Samsung", this star system has three stars:

Centauri Alpha, Centauri Alpha B, and Centauri Alpha C. From current observations, most stars have planets around them, but not all stars have planets around them, and there is no proportion.

Planets are some of the angular material left over from the birth of stars, which eventually form around stars, and the number of planets depends on the formation process of stars, and there is no inevitable connection in proportion. We now know that in the process of the formation of the primordial nebula, the formation of stars by nebulae, most of the matter is gathered in the core, and once the star is generated, the remaining material around it forms a planet, and the number of planets depends on the amount of remaining material.

If the central star is too large, it may not leave much surrounding material and a small number of planets will be generated, and vice versa. But most of the stars in the universe are not singular, but concomitant beings, usually in the form of double stars or three stars. In this case, the existence of the planet is disturbed, and at first it may produce a planet, but due to the complex gravity environment, it will eventually be absorbed by one of the stars.

Of course, there are also cases where planets orbit around two stars, or orbit around two stars in figure-eight or more complex orbits. But in general, the planets around a single star are relatively stable and can exist for a long time.