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Anonymous users2024-02-06Geographical division of labor.
It is also known as the regional division of production or geographical division of labor. Together with the division of labor in departments, they have become the two basic forms of social division of labor. The geographical division of labour is usually shown through the sectoral division of labour between regions and the differences in the sectoral structure that they reflect.
It refers to the implementation of specialized production in a country or region according to a certain advantageous social material production sector, which is a regional manifestation of the social division of labor. It is formed under the condition that the place of production and the place of consumption are separated and exchanged by transportation. Generally, the premise of the division of labor is that the sum of the product and the freight at the place of production is lower than the production of the same product at the place of consumption.
The geographical division of labor can be divided into: Absolute geographical division of labor. Due to the limitations of natural and social conditions, a certain product cannot be produced in one region and must be imported from other regions; Relative geographical division of labor.
A certain area can produce a certain product, but the production cost is large, the effect is small, and the input is better. A rational regional division of labor is conducive to mutual support and cooperation between regions, making full use of the natural conditions and labor resources of various regions, and thus improving labor productivity. The geographical division of labor is a stable and very dynamic process, which is closely related to the conditions of economic development in each region.
The difference in regional conditions is the natural and material basis of the regional division of labor, and regional specialization is the specific manifestation of the regional division of labor. The geographical division of labor has the following characteristics:
The products produced in the region are not mainly for consumption in the region, but can be finally consumed in other countries and regions through exchange and **;
The existence of certain means of transportation and commodities is the premise for the development of the regional division of labor;
The driving force behind the realization of the regional division of labor is economic efficiency;
The end result of the development of the geographical division of labor is the formation of economic zones.
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Anonymous users2024-02-051) Theory of absolute superiority. Each region has its absolutely favorable, suitable for the production of some specific products, resulting in absolutely low production costs, if each region according to its "absolutely favorable production conditions" for specialized production, judgment and then through the exchange of each other, will make the most effective use of resources, labor and capital in each region, so that the labor productivity of each region increases, and the social wealth increases.
2) Theory of comparative advantage. A region selects one or more relatively advantageous products from two or all of the absolutely unfavorable products, or selects a more favorable product from two or all of the absolutely advantageous products, to carry out external **, so that both parties can benefit from each other. In short:
The lesser of the two evils, the heavier of the two benefits", that is, "the best of the best, the best of the inferior".
3) ** Potato Difference Theory. Any region may have an economic advantage in some factors of production and a disadvantage in others, and this difference in factors of production leads to differences in the production of the same products in different regions, and each region should fully develop its advantages in factors of production, and exchange between regions.
4) Dynamic Comparative Advantage Theory. From the perspective of development, comparative production costs can be changed, and industries that are temporarily at a disadvantage may also be transformed into industries with strong advantages, and these industries should not only not give up their development, but should also support their development. Hope.