What is the difference between bioenergetics and work, bioenergetics and chemical energy

Don't look at your appearance as stationary, but the actin molecules in the muscle cells in your body are moving quite violently, and it is many of these polymers that are constantly crawling and sliding on the microtubules that make you have muscle strength to resist the gravity of heavy objects (I saw an animation in which there is an actin molecule holding a large vacuole and walking on the microtubule, which is very interesting!). ）

In short, your body is very lively, and these are energy-intensive!

The specific forms of energy conversion are mainly the mechanical energy of the movement of myokines, the electrical energy transmitted by the nerves, and of course, these energies are finally turned into heat energy.

According to the law of conservation of energy, energy can only be converted from one form to another, and the total amount is constant. The processes by which cells acquire and produce energy are complex and varied, but to mention a few of the general ones:

Due to the difference in concentration, glucose molecules and oxygen molecules in the blood will enter the cell, and they will carry out a series of biochemical reactions in the mitochondria in the cell, converting the ADP (adenosine diphosphate) that is ubiquitous in body fluids into ATP (adenosine triphosphate). ATP is the addition of a phosphate group on the basis of ADT, and between the two is a high-energy phosphate bond, and the chemical energy originally stored in glucose is now transferred to this bond for storage. The energy in this high-energy bond of ATP is the energy that can be directly used by most life activities.

For example, when ATP binds to the actin molecule at a special site, the energy in the high-energy phosphate bond can be effectively transferred to the actin molecule and cause it to change its shape (ATP also changes back to ADP), and the coordinated deformation of a large number of actin molecules leads to muscle contraction - chemical energy becomes mechanical energy (heat energy is more or less inevitable in this conversion process). There is another type of actin that carries vacuoles on the microfilaments or microtubules inside the cell to assist the cells in secreting hormones and other ......For example, the special site of ATP on the cell membrane that makes up the protein molecule that constitutes the ion channel binds to it, which can control the opening and closing of the channel, or control the ion pump to actively transport a specific ion (such as sodium ion and potassium ion), which causes the electric potential difference between the inside and outside of the cell membrane, thus forming a nerve impulse - chemical energy is converted into electrical energy (heat energy is also accompanied by the period) ......

Work is a measure of energy, and work must be accompanied by the transformation or transfer of energy. Taking the active transport of ion pumps on the neurofiber cell membrane as an example, protein molecules rely on their own deformation (called molecular conformation change) to "grab" a positive ion (mainly sodium ion or potassium ion) to the side of the cell membrane with high potential under the energy supply of ATP, and in the process of propulsion, the thrust of the protein does positive work, and the electricity generated by the potential difference does negative work, so that the energy obtained by the protein molecule from ATP is converted into the electric potential energy of positive ions. When the nerve impulse arrives, the ion channel of the cell membrane opens, and the difference between the internal and external electric potential pushes the ions to move rapidly - discharge - nerve electrical impulses, at this time, the electric potential energy is first converted into the kinetic energy of ions, and after the ions collide with other molecular atoms in the cell, part of the kinetic energy is transferred to the latter, which is the generation of heat energy in the macroscopic view.

It is converted into the heat energy of the organism itself.

The difference between bioenergetics and chemical energies is as follows:

Bioenergy generally refers to biomass energy, which is the energy stored inside the biomass by green plants converting solar energy into chemical energy through chlorophyll. Biomass energy is the form of energy in which solar energy is stored in biomass in the form of chemical energy, that is, energy with biomass as the carrier. It directly or indirectly leads to the photosynthesis of green plants, which can be converted into conventional solid, liquid and gaseous fuels, which is inexhaustible and is a renewable energy source and the only renewable carbon source.

Chemical energy is a very hidden energy, it cannot be directly used to do work, and can only be released when chemical changes occur, turning into heat energy or other forms of energy. Things like the combustion of oil and coal, explosives**, and the energy emitted when the food you eat undergoes chemical changes in your body. Chemical energy refers to the energy stored in matter, according to the law of conservation of energy, the change of this energy and the change of heat energy in the reaction is equal in magnitude and opposite in sign, when the atoms in the compound participating in the reaction are rearranged to produce a new compound, it will lead to a change in chemical energy, resulting in an exothermic or endothermic effect.

Chemical energy refers to the energy emitted when a substance becomes another substance through a chemical reaction, and bioenergy should be the comprehensive result of a series of chemical changes with the participation or leadership of organisms.

Because the frame of reference is divided into movement and static. The work is the same for several relatively stationary frames of reference. For example, if you stand on the ground and don't move, you and the earth can be used as a frame of reference, and a car is moving, and it does the same work for both you and the earth.

But if there is another car traveling at the same speed as it, it will do zero work. If you say that a person moves stones, the biological energy consumed must be the same, and the frame of reference is an algorithm of mechanical energy.

Energy is conserved, so the bioenergy consumed is the same.

The work done is the same for different frames of reference. Because the displacement of the work is relative, it has nothing to do with the frame of reference.

The mass is m, and the action time is t, a=f m, v=at,,s=at2 The wood block and the person each get energy e=, and the work w=fs=mas=m(at)2=mv2=2e, so the energy is conserved. From the perspective of energy, it is the conversion of biological energy into kinetic energy, and from the perspective of work, it is the force between people and wooden blocks, and this force is generated by biological energy, and the two are not contradictory.

1. Force work w=fs, where s is the displacement of force to position, not the displacement of people to wooden blocks.

Only when the mass of the person is much greater than the mass of the wooden block, the person basically does not move, the wooden block is pushed by 1m, and the person does 5j work on the wooden block. At this time, the displacement of the work done by the wooden block on the human force is 0.

2. If the mass of the person is about the same as the mass of the wooden block, the displacement of each force is not 1m, and your hypothesis is not valid.

The latter analysis method is correct, the energy conservation analysis as well as the energy conversion are correct, but the previous analysis method is a bit wrong, 1When a person pushes a wooden block, it retreats, so the distance (displacement) of the thrust is less than one meter.

The work of the rear thrust is less than 5j

2.According to Niu San, it can only be concluded that the magnitude of the two interaction forces is equal In this problem, the displacement of the two relative to the ground is inversely proportional to the mass, if the masses of the two are unequal, the displacement is not equal, and the magnitude of the work done by the two interaction forces is not equal.

Yes, he can do work only if he has energy, and since he can do work, it means that he has the release of energy

Work and energy are equivalent to how much work is done, and how much energy is consumed.

Yes, energy is the ability to do work.

a Work is a measure of energy, so if you can do work, you must have energy.

Any object has energy because there is internal energy. Whether an object can do work externally depends on whether its energy can be released. If the bomb does its work externally, its internal energy is released.

Choosing a wrong object that can do work does not necessarily have energy, such as a wheelbarrow, whose work is given by people.

b False, kinetic energy is also related to mass.

c False An object at rest is not necessarily free of energy, and there are too many examples of this.

1: Not necessarily. Like you said, with a cup in your hand, the bio energy is consumed, but it is not done.

2: First of all, it is necessary to realize that living things are not sticks. Biological power is not the same as inanimate things. Inanimate things use the transmission of force entirely. If it is unbalanced, it will overturn.

But living beings rely on muscle contractions to provide the inside, while actively maintaining balance. The contractions of the muscles of the two appeared to be immovable. But in fact, none of the cells are moving, and they are all doing work on each other.

At the same time your breathing amplitude will be greater, your heart will beat faster, etc.) This consumes bioenergy. Eventually, this energy is converted into heat energy due to collisional friction between cells, and into energy waves due to vibrations (this part is small, and if there is no medium propagation, there would be no such part). And this part of the heat and energy waves will propagate to the surroundings in the form of thermal radiation and mechanical waves.

That's why the people who work in the infrared scan look extra bright).

Energy is consumed to do work and transfer heat.

In fact, humans or animals can do their work again anytime and anywhere.

When you stay there, the heat escapes.

Take a cup, your bioenergy is converted into the gravitational potential energy of the cup, and the temperature is the same as the temperature is transferred from high temperature to low temperature.

Actually, you didn't do work on the cup when you passed it.

After the pass, your body will do the work to make up for the temperature gap just now

The outside world does work on the object.

The way the energy goes is to exothermic.

The object does work on the outside world.

In other words, consuming biological energy does not necessarily do work, it may also be converted into heat. Because a person's physiological organs need to consume energy to function properly, biological energy will be converted into heat energy. If you insist on saying that there is any work, it can only be that cells, tissues, organs, and the like are doing work.

If you treat people as a whole, it is a consumption of biological energy and does not necessarily do work.

Answers to additional questions:

Maybe it turns into heat. If the cup is lower than body temperature, the biological energy is converted into heat energy and the energy is transferred to the cup, which in turn transfers the energy of the cup to the person. If it's the same, it may spread into the air.

According to the current scientific development, biological energy cannot be converted into mass, even if the mass will become smaller when the speed of atomic physics is greater than light, this mass will become smaller and disappear in the traditional sense.

In summary, spontaneous heat transfer requires a temperature difference. Work done requires displacement in the direction of the force.

When a person consumes biological energy, he does not necessarily do work.

In order to maintain human life, a certain amount of energy expenditure (basal metabolism) is required. For example, human heart beating, breathing, etc., all need energy.

In order to provide the ability to overcome the gravitational effects of "the same cup as your temperature", it is necessary to increase the support of your heart (blood), breathing, etc., to the arm muscles, i.e. this energy is used for your life support. Instead of doing work externally.

The landlord's confusion is holding a cup, what energy has the biological energy been converted into in this process, right? For the cup, its state of motion has not changed, that is, its energy has not changed. Therefore, it can only be considered that the biological energy consumed must be transformed into the human body.

In fact, you don't need to hold a cup, just hold your arm flat, and people will feel sore after a long time. I think that the bioenergy expended is converted into the chemical energy of certain tissues (such as muscles) that make up the body.

Even if you hold a cup and don't move, you have to consume energy, the gravitational pull of the earth.

In short, you have to imagine a concept that energy is indeed conserved, and look for it according to this thinking, so that you don't get into the horns.

Generally speaking, there are two ways of energy conversion: 1, work done 2, heat transfer.

Therefore, the consumed bioenergy can be transferred through heat and does not necessarily need to be done. For example, in winter, bears hibernate and do not exercise, but only sleep, but consume biological energy to produce heat, and part of it is lost through the medium of air.

This problem is mainly considered to be too simple, people are not a simple system of a few rigid sticks and ideal springs, human movement needs to use hundreds of bones and thousands of muscles in the whole body, these things you will consume a lot of energy even if you sit still.

For example, it is impossible for your body to remain absolutely still, and the center of gravity of your body is constantly making small movements, which consume energy, and this part of the energy eventually turns into heat and diffuses into the air.

Not necessarily, for example, if you carry a bucket of water and walk from the fourth floor to the first floor, you are not doing work on the bucket of water, but you are consuming bioenergy.

ps: When a person holds a cup and does not move, the heat energy converted into the human body is dissipated into the air, and there is no actual work done on the cup.

Infrared radiation is present in any object !! So, people are consuming biological energy all the time, and some of this is used for radiation, and radiation is also a kind of heat transfer, so the consumption of biological energy by people must be to the outside world, such as the nearby air, other people or objects, and this process is workmanship, so you have to find people who consume biological energy and don't do work, which can never be found in today's scientific theory and practice!!

For example, if you take a cup and your muscles exert a force on the cup, which balances with the gravitational force on the cup, it is true that you are not doing work on the cup, but your creature can expend that force on the cup.

Physically, he does not do work because its displacement is 0w = so the work done is 0, i.e., no work is done, but he consumes energy.

The muscles are tight, and the myofament protein in the muscles should be maintained at a certain stretching level.

At this time, it depends on the energy ATP to maintain, which consumes bioenergy.