When was the imperial examination in ancient China

Looking back at the imperial examination system in ancient China for more than 1,000 years and the national unified college entrance examination system established after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the changes in the examination date are all related to climate and folk customs.

History: In ancient times, the imperial examinations were held in spring and autumn. The timing of the imperial examination in the Qing Dynasty and the Jinshi examination in the Tang Dynasty in the Ming Dynasty is an issue that needs to be further clarified.

On the basis of the examination of the application and provincial examination time of the Jinshi Imperial Examination in the Tang Dynasty, it is concluded that the Jinshi Imperial Examination is submitted in October every year, and the Shangshu Provincial Examination is held between November and March of the following year.

The imperial examination in the first month of the following year in the Northern Song Dynasty.

The imperial examination in the Liao Dynasty has undergone a process of evolution from casual to customized, from small-scale to large-scale. There was no customization of the imperial examination in the early Liao Dynasty, and the examination time of the Holy Sect was set to be held once a year.

Month year so there is no certain restriction and uniformity.

China's scientific system is a basic system of examination and selection in Chinese history. He originated in the Han Dynasty, was founded in the Sui Dynasty, established in the Tang Dynasty, completed in the Song Dynasty, flourished in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and was abolished in the last years of the Qing Dynasty, through the Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties. According to historical records, from the first year of the Great Cause of the Sui Dynasty (605) to the official abolition of the 31st year of Guangxu (1905), it lasted for 1,300 years.

The imperial examination must be carried out by the school layer by layer, and the chaff will be removed, and the heroes of the world will gather in Hanlin, and the law will be comprehensive. All students who are not enrolled in school, regardless of age, are commonly referred to as children. Children are admitted to the prefectural, prefecture, and county government examinations, and then they are admitted to the school by the school officials, which is called the children's examination.

The students study in Fuzhou County School, and the best ones are admitted to the township examination, once every three years. The examination venue is directly under the capital government, and the provinces are in the political department. The date of the examination is the same everywhere, and it is the beginning of August.

Nine, ten. 2nd and 15th each, because it is tested in the autumn, so it is also called the autumn test. The subjects examined, when the imperial examination was initially established, the first test was two scriptures, one of the four books, one of the two theories, and one of the three strategies, and the first ten days of the Chinese style were repeated with riding, archery, calligraphy, arithmetic, and law. In the eighteenth year of Hongwu, the imperial examination was issued, stipulating that the first trial was four books and three ways, three scriptures and righteousness, two trials and five sentences, one edict and one internal department, three trials of scripture history, and five current affairs and policies, and those who passed were called people; Those who pass are lifted, and the first person in the township test is called Xie Yuan.

After the Chinese style of the township examination, the candidates then try to take the Ministry of Rites, which is the general examination. It is held in February, once at the age of three, and is carried out every ugly, chen, unhurried, and new year. Because it is tried in early spring, it is called the spring test, the Chinese one is called Gongshi, and the first one in the test is Huiyuan.

China's imperial examination system from the second year of Emperor Yang of Sui in 606 to the year 1905 is the rules and regulations for the selection of talents according to the gradual examination in China in ancient times, and it is the only way for official luck. The imperial examination is a kind of rules and regulations selected by feudal society according to the examination of various generations. Because of the method of selecting scholars by subject, it is called the imperial examination.

1. The time is different for different dynasties.

2. The imperial examination in the Song Dynasty was originally held once a year, sometimes.

One or two years are uncertain. It was only after the reign of Shiying Zong for three years that it was officially set as once every three years. Every autumn, the cantons conduct examinations, and the following spring, they are conducted by the Ministry of Rites. The provincial examination is held in the same year.

3. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the township test time was in August of the lunar calendar, the meeting test was in February of the lunar calendar, and the palace test was in March. The time for the two examinations of the township and the meeting is set at the beginning of the month.

Nine, ten. 2. 153 days.

In the second year of the Great Cause (606), Emperor Yang Guang of the Sui Dynasty added Jinshi Branch. At that time, the strategy of the Xiucai test, the strategy of the Jinshi test, and the Ming Jing test formed a complete set of national sub-discipline selection system. At that time, the Ming Jing was the most advanced, and the Jinshi test was secondary.

At that time, the selection system was only called Xiucai Branch, which was different from Tang Zhi's imperial examination.

Yang Guangshi established the Jinshi Department and established the imperial examination system, which was an extremely important and far-reaching event in Chinese history. At that time, the Jinshi Department mainly focused on the political examination and selected talents who were "literary and beautiful".

The General Dictionary says that Yang Guang prioritized personal qualities over literary talent. Emperor Yang also increased the number of students admitted to the imperial examination. By the third year of the Great Cause (607), there were already ten examination subjects. This marked the birth of the imperial examination system.

The imperial examination system, which has been used for thousands of years, was finally abolished, and the root cause was that the method of selecting talents in the eight units did not conform to the standards of the imperial court for selecting talents, and was in line with the development trend of the international community and the needs of the new era. At the end of the 19th century, with the defeat of several wars and the huge compensation for the cession of land, the decline of the Qing Dynasty was in some sense recognized. At the same time, the Qing Dynasty also carried out a series of "self-help" activities, including the in-depth development of "Westernization" and "Western Studies", which made the Qing court itself realize the shortcomings of the imperial examination system.

Therefore, in 1888, the Qing Dynasty began to implement the imperial examination system, set up "mathematics and physics", and included science in the scientific examination for the first time, in order to obtain meritocracy; In 1889, the Qing court set up a special department for classics to screen for talented scholars, while reformers such as Kang Youwei advocated changing the eight-share system to the "policy" in an attempt to fundamentally reverse the rigidity of imperial examinations, but this practice was too extreme and was opposed by the Conservative Party and some scholars, and was soon abolished by Emperor Cixi.

In 1901, the Qing court realized that it could not be achieved without a more comprehensive reform and reform, so it implemented the "New Deal at the end of the Qing Dynasty". Under the strong opposition of various countries, the Qing Dynasty issued the "Statutes of the Song Ding School", which mentioned: "Eight shares of students are selected, mainly by taking examinations.

However, at this time, the imperial examination had not been abolished, and scholars, who had studied for more than ten years, still favored scientific examinations and ignored policy theories for various reasons.

To this end, the Qing Dynasty responded to the proposal of Zhang Zhidong and others, and actively promoted a new type of school, focusing on a new type of school that combines education and selection of talents and the use of talents. Under these circumstances, the Qing Dynasty promulgated the 1906, abolished the imperial examination, promulgated new textbooks, established specialized schools, and abolished the imperial examination system that had lasted for more than a thousand years.

All electoral systems are subject to social systems, including the imperial examinations. Because the imperial examination system is mainly based on the selection of **, rather than professionals such as scholars, the scope of its assessment is also determined; At the same time, due to the constraints of the degree of development of the productive forces, it is difficult to add mathematics, physics, agriculture, and even business administration, which have not yet been established, to the imperial examinations. The abolition of the imperial examination at the end of the Qing Dynasty was not because of its own shortcomings, but because of its social system.

It is true that the pragmatic-oriented scientific research caused the scholars and doctors to treat cultural heritage out of context, delving into and even imposing the eight strands in order to gain fame and profit, which had an extremely unfavorable effect on the ideology, culture, and science and technology of the time.

The imperial examination system ended in the 31st year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty. Imperial examination is a word with rich and complex meanings and dynamic characteristics. In a broad sense, the imperial examination refers to the division of the imperial examination or the establishment of the imperial examination, which is roughly the same as the tribute examination, which began in the Han Dynasty.

The ancient imperial examination system ended in the late Qing Dynasty during the New Deal period, which ended the imperial examination system.

The imperial examination system in ancient China lasted for more than 1,300 years before it was abolished in the last years of the Qing Dynasty. It had a very important impact on the selection of officials and the consolidation of rule in ancient China.