Why is organic fertilizer slow to fertilize? How to use organic fertilizer reasonably?

Organic fertilizer: It mainly refers to the fertilizer formed after a certain period of fermentation and decay of various animals and plants (including processed rapeseed cake, which has no peculiar smell).

Organic fertilizer contains a large number of biological matter, animal and plant residues, excrement, biological waste and other substances, the application of organic fertilizer can not only provide comprehensive nutrition for crops, but also has a long fertilizer effect, can increase and renew soil organic matter, promote microbial reproduction, improve the physical and chemical properties and biological activity of the soil, is the main nutrient in the production of green food**.

Compost is an organic fertilizer made of various orange stalks, fallen leaves, grasses, animal and plant residues, and human and animal manure as raw materials, mixed with a small amount of soil.

Manure The raw materials used in manure are basically the same as compost, except that they are fermented under flooded conditions.

Manure refers to the manure made from pigs, cattle, horses, sheep, chickens, ducks and other livestock and poultry and straw bedding.

Biogas fertilizer In a sealed digester, organic matter decomposes to produce by-products of biogas, including biogas liquid and residues.

Green manure uses cultivated or wild green plants as fertilizer. Such as leguminous mung beans, broad beans, grass and trees, field cyanine, alfalfa, vetch and so on. Non-leguminous green manure includes ryegrass, fertile field radish, small sunflower seeds, Manjianghong, water hyacinth, water peanut, etc.

Crop straw Crop straw is one of the important organic fertilizers, crop straw contains the necessary nutrients for crops such as N, P, K, CA, S, etc. Under suitable conditions, through the action of soil microorganisms, these elements are mineralized and returned to the soil for crop absorption.

Cake fertilizer rapeseed cake, cottonseed cake, bean cake, sesame cake, castor cake, tea seed cake, etc.

Mud fertilizer Unpolluted river mud, pond mud, ditch mud, port mud, lake mud, etc.

Now, with the continuous development of science and technology, through the artificial pure culture technology of beneficial bacteria, the use of scientific refining, can produce a variety of different varieties of bio-organic fertilizer, which can improve soil quality, reduce environmental pollution, increase fertilizer and efficiency. Bio-organic fertilizer will be the main development trend of fertilizer for agricultural production in the future.

Organic fertilizer: Organic fertilizer is slow and long-lasting, and the nutrients are more comprehensive. Chemical fertilizers such as urea and potassium fertilizers have a fast effect, but the effect is short, and it is best to use them in combination.

Organic fertilizer contains a large number of biological matter, animal and plant residues, excrement, biological waste and other substances, the application of organic fertilizer can not only provide comprehensive nutrition for crops, but also has a long fertilizer effect, can increase and renew soil organic matter, promote microbial reproduction, improve the physical and chemical properties and biological activity of the soil, is the main nutrient in the production of green food**.

One is that it has a decomposition process, as the saying goes, it is slow, and you can't immediately see its effect after the crop is absorbed, and it is not as obvious as the effect of gas ammonia urea.

Roles and characteristics of organic fertilizers:

Organic fertilizer, also known as farmhouse fertilizer, is generally used as a base fertilizer and is suitable for various soils and crops. The main functions are as follows:

1) It is the main mineral nutrition of plants**;

2) It can provide organic nutrition.

3) It can generate new synthetic humus in microbial decomposition and improve the physical and chemical biological properties of soil. and the ability to retain water and fertilizer, and to supply water and fertilizer;

Its three characteristics are: (1) it has a large content of organic matter, which has the effect of soil improvement and fertilization; (2) The fertilizer supply time is long, and the fertilizer effect is slow and long-lasting; (3) It can be combined with soil to form an organic complex, with low loss and high utilization rate. A few words can be summed up as:

Organic fertilizer is slow, suitable for a variety of soils; Low-quality soil aggregates, clay soil tillage, fertilizer and water can be improved;

Application of organic fertilizer: it can be used as base fertilizer and top dressing. The direct use of fertilizer can improve the soil, increase the content of organic matter, and increase the ability of the soil to retain fertilizer and water.

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China Bio-organic Fertilizer Trading Network: Organic fertilizer can effectively improve soil physical and chemical properties and increase soil organic matter content, but it must be applied correctly in order to obtain the desired effect. 1. Reasonable mixed application of sheep manure in the nutrient content in livestock manure is the highest, the decomposition speed is faster, the manure strength is more violent, in order to achieve stable manure strength, pig manure or cow manure should be added to the sheep manure mixed application.

Human feces and urine are fast-acting organic fertilizers, which should be applied with coarse organic fertilizers, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Long-term application of human feces and urine will cause soil compaction, which cannot be used continuously, and should be reused at intervals. When using human manure and urine as base fertilizer and top dressing, water should be added to dilute 3-4 times before application, and soil should be covered in time after application to prevent the volatilization loss of ammonia, and the amount of one application should not be too large.

2. Application method Organic fertilizer should be applied in ditches or dig holes, and cover the soil in time after application, and the fertilizer must not be sprinkled on the surface. Organic fertilizer can be applied to vegetables, which can be combined with microbial agents, and the fertilizer effect is better.

3. The amount of fertilizer should not be too large Organic fertilizer is large in volume and low in nutrients, and it needs to be applied in large quantities to meet the growth needs of crops, but not the more the better. For example, if Chinese cabbage is planted, it is enough to apply 4000-6000 kg of rotted organic fertilizer per mu.

Mu Nong Bio. 4. Organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can be applied together, which can learn from each other's strengths, help each other, and fully ensure that there is enough nutrient supply during the entire growth and development of crops, so as to improve crop yield.

5. Human manure can be applied to general crops due to crop fertilization, but the most suitable crops are leafy vegetables, cereals and fiber crops. Human feces and urine contain a lot of chlorine, so it should not be applied to chlorine-resistant crops such as sweet potatoes, tobacco, and potatoes.

6. Organic fertilizer often has pathogens, insect eggs and weed seeds, which are not decomposed and are not conducive to the growth of crops.

7. Base application, deep application of organic fertilizer has long effect and slow release of nutrients, so it should generally be applied as base fertilizer. Deep tillage combined with the application of organic fertilizer is conducive to the integration of soil and fertilizer, promotes the formation of soil aggregate structure, and effectively improves the soil.

Analyze it on a case-by-case basis. Field crops can be used with some chemical fertilizers, and cash crops can be used exclusively with organic fertilizers. The dosage depends on crop yield, growth cycle and soil fertility.

According to the characteristics of the soil, climatic conditions and the characteristics of crop growth and development, formula fertilization, strict control of the use of toxic chemical fertilizers and dosage.

Increasing the application of organic fertilizer and increasing the content of soil organic matter can enhance the adsorption capacity of soil colloids to heavy metals and pesticides. For example, brown fulvic acid can absorb and dissolve trichlorobenzene herbicides and some pesticides, and humus can promote the precipitation of cadmium. At the same time, the addition of organic fertilizer can also improve the flow conditions of soil microorganisms and accelerate the biodegradation process.

The so-called organic fertilizer refers to some fertilizers that are rich in substance, amino acids and other natural fertilizers that do not contain any chemical additives, organic fertilizer can improve the permeability of the soil, cultivate the beneficial bacteria content of the soil, and increase the role of soil organic matter, amino acids, biological potassium and other chemical fertilizers can not be replaced. There are two commonly used types of farm fertilizer and commercial organic fertilizer.

Farm manure mainly includes chicken manure, cow manure, pig manure, sheep manure and other livestock and poultry manure. The most used is chicken manure, let's mainly talk about the use and dosage of chicken manure. Chicken manure contains rich organic matter, amino acids, crude protein, lean protein, but also contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and some trace elements, rich in nutrition, is a kind of organic fertilizer that farmers like very much, but if the chicken manure is used improperly, not only can not increase the yield, but also will produce the phenomenon of burning seedlings, seedlings and other unhealthy conditions, how to eradicate the onset of these negative effects, that is, to use chicken manure correctly, in order to prevent the onset of these negative effects.

Commercial organic fertilizer, generally processed from the waste of grain deep processing, common to make monosodium glutamate scraps, etc., this kind of organic fertilizer due to the high price, the ordinary application amount is not very large. However, it must be applied with chemical fertilizers, and must not be used alone, in order to meet the growth needs of crops.

Organic fertilizer fermentation must be piled into fermentation, and the fermentation should be covered with a film or fiber cloth to avoid rain, sun exposure to the fertilizer in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and other effective fertilizer components are lost, in this way, even if it is organic fertilizer, then your fertility is greatly discounted. In the process of fermentation, the organic fertilizer is not covered with a film fiber cloth to cover the fermentation, but is stacked outside to continuously let the rain and the sun, and the active ingredients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer are drenched away by the rain, and the nitrogen fertilizer is evaporated in the sun, and the fertilizer efficiency is greatly reduced.

If it is a farmyard fertilizer, it may be used improperly. If it is a commercial organic fertilizer, in addition to improper use, that is, you buy inferior organic fertilizer, or you use organic fertilizer alone without chemical fertilizer, the effect will never be good, at least with a certain amount of nitrogen fertilizer.

Different microorganisms and their metabolites are important factors affecting fertilizer efficiency, and microbial bacteria affect the fertilizer efficiency of organic fertilizer through direct and indirect effects (nitrogen reinforcement, phosphorus solubilization, potassium solubilization and rhizosphere growth promotion). The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the types of organic matter in organic fertilizer is also an important factor affecting fertilizer efficiency, such as high content of crude fat and crude protein, the increase of soil beneficial microorganisms and the decrease of pathogenic bacteria; The carbon content in organic matter contributed to the increase of soil bacteria, the high nitrogen content contributed to the increase of soil bacteria, and the coordination of carbon and nitrogen ratio increased actinomycetes. The high content of sulfur-containing amino acids in organic matter has an obvious inhibitory effect on pathogenic bacteria. The high content of chitin animal residue will lead to the increase of beneficial microorganisms such as Trichoderma and Penicillium. The increase of beneficial microorganisms and the decrease of pathogenic bacteria indirectly improve the fertilizer efficiency of organic fertilizer. The composition of different organic fertilizers, their nutrient content and availability are different, such as organic fertilizers containing animal waste residues, poultry manure (chicken manure, duck manure, bird manure), etc., and their fertilizer efficiency is higher than that of organic fertilizers containing animal manure (cow and sheep manure) and straw.

Failure to cover the soil in time, the fertilizer is only on the surface of the soil, can not fully contact with the soil, and can not play a role in improving the soil. In summer high temperature weather, the soil moisture is not good, and the absorption of organic fertilizer will be weakened, so the application of organic fertilizer should be used to maintain the soil moisture content.

It may be that the fertilizer is expired, it may be that the pH of the soil is out of balance, it may be that the three-no product is bought, or it may be that the soil is compacted.

Characteristics of organic fertilizer.

The advantages of organic fertilizer mainly include soil improvement, improving land use, reducing pollution and health risks, killing pathogenic bacteria, using organic fertilizer as breeding bedding, and inhibiting diseases.

1.Soil improvement.

Organic fertilizer is a good soil amendment. When organic fertilizer is used on farmland or degraded soils, it can increase organic matter, modify soil structure, reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers used, and can mitigate potential soil erosion.

2.Improved land use.

A considerable part of agricultural organic waste is still used in land after direct or simple treatment, although it also has fertilizer value and can play a role in improving soil quality. The use of organic fertilizer for agricultural waste has the following advantages: from the nitrogen in the waste to more stable organic nitrogen, although there is also a loss of some nitrogen, the remaining nitrogen is often not easy to be leached and volatilized; The initial carbon and nitrogen ratio of agricultural waste is high or low, and after direct application to the soil, it will lead to insufficient nitrogen or excess nitrogen in the soil, affecting crop growth, on the contrary, the carbon and nitrogen ratio of organic fertilizer after composting tends to be reasonable, which is more suitable for land use (decomposed organic fertilizer should theoretically tend to the carbon and nitrogen ratio of microbial bacteria, that is, about 16.

It is generally believed that the decrease of CN from the initial 25 30 to 15 20 indicates that the organic fertilizer has been decomposed and stabilized. PS: For every 25g of organic carbon consumed by microorganisms, they need to absorb 1g of nitrogen); The heat generated by the organic composting process reduces the number of weed seeds in the waste, mitigating the effects of weed damage.

3.Reduce the risk of contamination and odor complaints.

In the process of urbanization and the continuous development of agriculture on a large scale, organic waste is beginning to become a burden rather than an asset. Especially for some agricultural breeding enterprises, because there is no large area of land to absorb these animal manure, the number of animals far exceeds the capacity of the land, making the manure treatment a headache.

Organic composting can mitigate the effects of these problems. Since organic compost products are often in demand, their way out is no longer an issue, and the nature of organic compost that can be stored and treated allows it to be transported farther away than manure or other raw materials. A well-run organic composting facility is almost free of odors and flies.

4.Organic fertilizer is used as a substitute for breeding bedding.

From the perspective of animal welfare and improvement of the breeding environment, the bedding layer should be laid in the breeding enclosure, which is conducive to adsorbing animal excrement and reducing environmental pollution on the one hand, and provides a comfortable ground environment for animals on the other hand.

Many studies have shown that powdered organic fertilizer can be used as a bedding material to replace sawdust and straw flour in farms.

5.Organic fertilizers reduce soil-borne diseases.

Good organic fertilizers have been found to mitigate soil-borne diseases in plants without the use of chemical control. This disease-inhibiting feature of organic fertilizers has been widely recognized and appreciated.