The characteristics of the changes in each phase of shock, the change in the shock phase is wrong

The change of the shock period is wrong ().

a.Microvenous smooth muscle contraction.

b.Arteriolar smooth muscle contraction.

c.A large number of capillary collapse vascular networks are closed.

d.Capillary flow such as tremor static pressure increases.

e.Capillary hemoperfusion is reduced.

Correct answer: d

Staging of the Onset of Shock The onset of shock can be divided into:

Since the early stage of shock and the shock phase, it can also be called the compensated phase of shock and the suppression phase of shock. There is no shock, distributive shock, hypovolemic shock.

1. Compensatory phase of shock (early stage of shock) At the beginning of shock, due to the strong excitement of the sympathetic-adrenal medullary system, the visceral vasoconstriction is obvious, which has a certain compensatory effect on the whole, which can reduce the drop in blood pressure (but severe hemorrhage can cause a significant drop in blood pressure), and the blood flow of the heart and brain can be maintained normally. The patient began to have symptoms such as paleness, chills in the limbs, rapid heartbeat and breathing, and decreased urine output. If the shock can be diagnosed in the early stages, the shock will improve quickly, but if it is not effective in time, the shock will develop further

1. Pale complexion, **cold, mild cyanosis of the lips or extremities;

2. Clear, accompanied by mild excitement and irritability;

3. Normal blood pressure, fast and weak pulse, small pulse difference;

4. Breathe deep and fast;

5. Decreased urine output;

6. Fundus artery spasm.

Conscious, nervous, restless.

**The color begins to pale and the body temperature begins to chill.

The pulse is strong, diastolic blood pressure is elevated, and systolic blood pressure is normal or slightly elevated. Breathing is rapid.

Early stage of shock: At the beginning of shock, the body has some ability to compensate for hypovolemia, and the central nervous system response is increased excitability, and the patient is nervous, excited, or irritable. The symptoms of hypovolemia are not very obvious, and the patient begins to have symptoms such as paleness, chills in the limbs, rapid heartbeat and breathing, and decreased urine output.

If the shock can be diagnosed in time,** in the early stages, the shock will improve quickly, but if it is not timely and effective**, the shock will progress further and enter the shock phase.

Shock phase: If the shock is not received in time**, it will further develop and exceed the body's compensatory capacity and enter the shock phase. At this time, the patient has cold sweat, cold limbs, obvious paleness, little or no urine at all, blue lips and extremities, and in severe cases, the mucous membranes of the whole body are obviously blue.

The nervous system changes from excitement to inhibition, manifested as indifferent expression, slow response, and in severe cases, confusion and coma. At this time, the doctor will find that the patient's blood pressure is constantly dropping, and the blood pressure cannot be measured, and the pulse cannot be felt. If there is gastrointestinal bleeding or**, bruising of the mucosa, it indicates that the disease has progressed to the stage of disseminated intravascular coagulation.

If the patient has dyspnea, irritability, and increasing bruising, and symptoms do not improve with oxygen, the patient should be considered to have acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Symptoms and signs can be caused by shock itself or its disease, consciousness may be awake, but apathy, confusion, drowsiness is common, hands and feet are cold, damp, ** often cyanosis and pallor, blood pressure measured with a balloon cuff during shock is often low (systolic blood pressure 90 mmHg), and the clinical manifestations are mainly hypotension < 90 mmHg

Pulse pressure < 20mmHg, paleness, pulse rate, etc.

Shock refers to the sharp decrease in the effective circulating blood volume caused by the invasion of various bai-causing elements, and the microcirculation perfusion is not ineffective.

foot, cellular metabolic disorders.

and a critical syndrome resulting from major organ damage. Therefore, shock itself is not an independent disease, but a common pathophysiological process caused by various causes, which can often develop into multi-organ dysfunction syndrome, which has a high clinical mortality rate.

According to the course of the development of the shock condition, the shock is divided into three stages:

1 Early stage of body gram (mild): the duration is short, the patient is excited or irritable, pale bread, clammy and cold, increased heart rate, fine pulse, normal or slightly higher systolic blood pressure, increased diastolic blood pressure, so the pulse pressure difference is reduced, breathing is accelerated, urine output is reduced, etc. The narrowing of the pulse pressure difference is a precursor to the drop in blood pressure, which is of great significance in the diagnosis of stage A shock and should be taken seriously.

2 Shock phase (moderate): long duration, typical manifestations are apathy, unresponsiveness, and **Zishao. Shortness of breath, cold extremities, sunken superficial veins, oliguria or anuria, decreased blood pressure, and smaller pulse pressure differences.

3 Late stage of shock (severe): deterioration of the condition, which occurs in the failure of the heart, lungs, kidneys and other organs. The patient is comatose, pulseless, blood pressure, urine, and generalized bleeding tendency, and hypoxia is difficult to correct.

Answer] The basic pathological change of :d shock is tissue hypoperfusion, so the emergency primary ** nuclear oak for all types of shock is to replenish blood volume quickly.