500 words on the investigation report on the current situation of the Yellow River

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China, originating from Bayan Kala Mountain in Qinghai, and its main stream runs through nine provinces and autonomous regions, flowing through Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong, with a total length of 5,464 kilometers, a basin area of 750,000 square kilometers, an annual runoff of 57.4 billion cubic meters, and an average runoff depth of 79. However, the amount of water is not as large as that of the Pearl River, and there are 35 major tributaries along the way, and the larger tributaries include Huangshui and Tao River in the upper reaches, Qingshui River, Fen River, Wei River and Qin River in the middle reaches, and Yi River and Luo River in the lower reaches. There are no lakes on both banks, the lower reaches of the Yellow River basin are small, and there are few rivers flowing into the Yellow River.

The estuary of the Yellow River is 1,500 meters wide, generally 500 meters, only 300 meters in the narrower places, and the water depth is generally meters, and the depth in some places is only meters. Geographical environment: from the source of the river to the multi-series mountain and grassland plateau of Guide, it belongs to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with an altitude of more than 3,000 meters and peaks of more than 4,000 meters, and the source of the river valley is 4,200 meters above sea level. Guide from the Mengjin River section is the Loess Plateau area, the Loess Plateau is Luliang Xibo, the south is the Weihe Valley, the north is connected with the Ordos Plateau, and the west is the Lanzhou Valley; The altitude of the Loess Plateau is generally 1000-1300 meters, the landform is undulating, the slope is steep and the ditch is deep, the ground slope of the gully is 15-20 degrees, the valley area accounts for 40-50%, the channel density is 3-5 kilometers, and the cutting depth of square kilometers is more than 100 meters; Below Mengjin enters the low-lying North China Plain, the altitude is not more than 50 meters, the river channel is flat after entering the downstream, the average ratio is only, the water flow becomes slow, a large amount of sediment is silted, and it is 4-5 meters above the ground; Due to the repeated diversion of the Yellow River, the fan-shaped ancient riverbed and ancient natural embankment have become a sloping plain with slow hills and depressions, and the depressions are relatively open and flat.

Ecological characteristics There are a total of 121 species (subspecies) of fish in the main stream of the Yellow River, and 98 species of pure freshwater fish in the main stream. The main economic fish species are Naked Carp with Spotted Spotted Carp, Flat-throated Toothfish at the Pole Edge, Naked Heavy-Lipped Fish with Thick Lips, Yellow River Naked Split Chirius Fish, Vars's Yaluo Fish, Northern Copper Fish (Pigeon Fish), Carp and Crucian Carp. There are only 16 species of fish in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, and the composition is relatively simple, with only two families: cyprinidae and loach.

The fish in the middle and lower reaches are generally similar, and all of them are dominated by cyprinidae. There are 71 species of fish in the middle reaches but lack natural fish such as silver carp, bighead carp, bream, bream and other typical plain groups, in the upper middle reaches, there are schizophrenia and loach that are common to the upstream, and there are 78 species of fish in the lower reaches, including a variety of estuarine fish and brackish water fish. According to the statistics of the tributaries of the Yellow River, according to the fish statistics of the Tao River in Gansu, the Wei River and the Jing River in Shaanxi, there are 30 species in the waters of the Wei River, followed by the Tao River with 11 species, and the Jing River with only 4 species.

Most of the tributaries in the upper and middle reaches are small fish of the carp family and loach family, and there are a few tasty families and catfish, and the economic fish are carp, crucian carp, yarrow and catfish.

The Yellow River is the second largest river in China, with a total length of 5,464 kilometers and a basin area of more than 750,000 square kilometers.

The Yellow River originates in the 4,500-meter-high Zoguzonglie Basin at the northern foot of Bayankala Mountain on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, flows through nine provinces and autonomous regions including Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, and Shandong, and finally flows into the Bohai Sea.

The beautiful and ancient Yellow River is the cradle of the Chinese nation. "The water of the Yellow River comes up from the sky, rushes to the sea and never returns"This is the great poet Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty who admired the Yellow River.

The Yellow River is the birthplace of the Chinese nation. 1.5 million years ago, in Ruicheng County, on the edge of the Yellow River in present-day Shanxi Province, Xihoudu ape man appeared; The 1 million-year-old Lantian ape man and the 300,000-year-old Dali ape man hunted fish on the banks of the Yellow River; 70,000 years ago, early Homo sapiens appeared in Xiangfending Village, Shanxi; 30,000 years ago, late Homo sapiens appeared in Dagouwan, Wushen Banner, Inner Mongolia. The 10,000 to 7,000 years old fine stone culture sites, the 7,000 to 3,700 years old Neolithic culture sites, the 3,700 to 2,700 years old bronze culture sites, and the iron culture sites that appeared in 770 B.C. are almost all over the Yellow River Valley.

Since the Mesolithic Age, the Yellow River valley has become the center of the development of China's ancient culture, opening the prelude to the development of the Yellow River civilization.

The upper reaches of the Yellow River are rich in hydraulic resources, from Longyang Gorge to Qingtongxia and Sichuan Gorge, with a large drop and a reservoir.

In recent decades, the Yellow River has been seriously silted up, its flood carrying capacity has been sharply reduced, the situation of "hanging river" has intensified, and the flood control level has been raised year by year. 1950 In 1998, the water level of the five hydrological stations of Gaocun, Sunkou, Aishan, Luokou and Lijin was raised by meters per second at a flow rate of 3,000 cubic meters per second. In particular, since 1987, the water volume of the Yellow River is small, and the siltation of the main river channel has been further aggravated, and in 1987 and 1997, the average annual silt height of the main channel of the lower reaches of the Yellow River is meters, and the flow rate of the flat channel has dropped from about 6,000 cubic meters per second to about 3,000 cubic meters per second.

According to the person in charge of the Hydrological Bureau of the Yellow River Commission, since November 2008, the precipitation in most areas of the Yellow River basin has been less than 10 millimeters, of which the precipitation in the upper reaches is 4 to 70 percent less than normal, in the middle reaches of Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces is about 70 percent less, in some parts of Shaanxi Province is 90 percent less, and in the lower reaches of the Yellow River is 5 to 80 percent less. Among the 165 rainfall stations in the Yellow River Basin, 18 stations had a dry precipitation of more than once in 50 years, accounting for 11 of the total rainfall stations. There were 30 stations with precipitation dries exceeding once in 30 years, accounting for 18 of the total rainfall stations. In most areas of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the number of consecutive days without rainfall has reached more than 60 days, and in some areas it has reached more than 100 days.

In Maduo, the "first county of the Yellow River in Jiuqu", the 80-year-old county magistrate Labao constantly lamented the "vicissitudes of life". For more than 20 years, he has witnessed the changes in this county for more than 20 years.

From 1966 to 1984, he served as the magistrate of Maduo County, Qinghai Province, where the Yellow River is headed. From 1979 to 1982, Maduo was the best pasture in China and became the richest county in the country. Now, due to the great changes in the environment, Maduo County is one of the poor counties in the country.

Thirty years ago, because there was too much water in the Yellow River, the county was surrounded by wetlands, and the county seat of Maduo was relocated once. "Now, it is facing a second relocation——— the groundwater level is declining year by year, and the county's draft has become a problem." ”

Global warming is an important cause of the ecological deterioration of the headwaters of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. In this regard, the old county magistrate Labao can also find clues from his own life experience, "Now the climate is getting warmer and warmer. In the past, we used to wear thick cotton felt coats in winter, but now we can wear a fleece jacket to survive the winter. ”

From 1972 to 1996, the lower reaches of the Yellow River suffered a total of about 26.8 billion yuan in industrial and agricultural economic losses due to the interruption of the flow and insufficient water supply, with an average annual loss of about 1.1 billion yuan. In the 90s, due to the increasingly serious flow interruption, the average annual loss has reached 3.6 billion yuan. A total of 4.7 million hectares of farmland have been affected by drought, and 98.6 billion kilograms of grain have been reduced.

Shengli Oilfield has reduced production by hundreds of thousands of tons due to the reduction of water injection.

Water is the source of all life, and with the development of modern science, the earth has been seriously destroyed by human beings.

We came to the Hanfeng Lake, we smelled a smell of smoky smoke, so we took a glass to take some water, I took a look at it, there are many small microorganisms in it, we carefully observed along the lake, there are industrial wastewater, domestic waste is not professionally treated, directly discharged into the river, it will cause serious water pollution. It turns out that these pollutants are the items of our daily life.

We picked up the garbage, and along the way, we saw several cleaners also scratching the garbage in the water. 1. In order to improve the river environment, it is necessary to carry out all aspects of river water and river bank management as soon as possible. First of all, the pollution source should be treated, and the sewage and manure residue discharged directly into the river by factories and pig farms should be treated intensively to avoid its adverse effects on the environment.

Then, the building materials (discarded) in the river and river are removed, and the waterway is rectified to further remove the garbage and silt in the river. Later, trees were planted along the river, turf was planted, and a green belt was established to avoid sand erosion. 2. Carry out environmental protection education for coastal residents and all citizens, enhance environmental awareness, the environment of the river, mainly lies in everyone's ideology, so people should consciously protect the river and protect the environment.

In this way, a new river will always be in front of people. In short, it is important to make it clear that it is the people themselves who are affected by the destruction of the environment, and we should fully understand the interrelationship between the environment and human beings, and fully recognize the pros and cons of people changing the environment. There are many more factors affecting water resources.

Although my research may not be mature enough, I hope to raise the status of environmental problems and water pollution problems in people's minds, so that the problems that arise can be improved day by day. In order to make our Hanfeng Lake more beautiful and rich.