History on the issue of the opening of new shipping routes

The discovery of the Americas refers to Columbus's discovery of the New World of America; In 1492, Christopher Columbus opened a new route to the Americas; The East India route refers to the route from Europe to India bypassing Africa and the route from South America to India through the Pacific Ocean. The former was opened by Vasco da Gama in 1497-1498 and the latter by Magellan and his fleet in 1519-1522.

Impact: Expanded contact; promoted the development of the workshop handicraft industry and production as a whole, and expanded the European market into a world market; Promoted the progress of history.

The development of the Americas has made the scope of Europe unprecedentedly expanded, the ties between Western Europe and various regions and nations around the world have been strengthened, and the world market has begun to take shape; The plundered wealth from the Americas caused the revolution in Europe, accelerated the decline of feudalism and the development of capitalism in Western Europe, and thus promoted the progress of Western Europe and the world; The purpose of its voyage to the Americas was to plunder**, and to avenge the Indians upon their arrival in the Americas, thus bringing the Americas into the scope of the bloody plunder of colonial conquest. After that, Spain and Portugal occupied most of the Americas, and they brutally oppressed and killed Indians, causing them to lose their population. Therefore, Columbus's voyage to the Americas was an unprecedented disaster for the Indians.

Although it brought great disasters to the Indians, it objectively made the wealth they plundered the primitive accumulation of capital, promoted the development of capitalist industry and commerce in Western Europe, and promoted the progress of Western Europe and even the world.

It cannot be said that Columbus opened a new shipping route, but Columbus contributed to the opening of the new shipping route. He discovered the American continent. For details, please refer to the first volume of high school history.

Two-facedness:

1. Progressiveness: to connect the world, strengthen the primitive accumulation of capitalism, and facilitate the development of capitalism;

2. Disadvantages: It led to the emergence of colonialism, the spread of plague and disease epidemics in the Americas.

The direct cause of the opening of new shipping routes

1. "The Travels of Marco Polo" aroused the envy of European civilizations such as China and India.

2. The European commodity economy has entered a period of rapid development, the budding capitalism has appeared, and European businessmen have begun to crave commodities.

3. The Ottoman Turkish Empire controlled the Middle East, the traditional Silk Road was cut off, and every time the goods from the East passed through the Middle East, they would pay a huge amount of tolls.

1. The reasons for the opening of new shipping routes: economic roots, social roots and commercial crises, as well as religious factors.

2. The conditions for the opening of new shipping routes: the development of the productive forces of European countries and the rapid development of capitalism; the advancement of knowledge and the development of science and technology; The support of the royal family.

3. The content of the new shipping route: Dias discovers the Cape of Good Hope; Columbus discovers the New World; Vasco da Gama made an expedition to India; Magellan's fleet completes its round-the-world voyage.

4. The purpose of opening up a new shipping route: to find a new route from the sea to the East.

5. The impact of the opening of new shipping routes: first, to promote the disintegration of the feudal system and the growth of capitalism in Western Europe; second, the European colonizers began to plunder the colonies; Third, it has broken the relative isolation of all countries in the world and created conditions for the formation of the world market.

The historical reasons for the opening of the new shipping route are as follows:

1) Economic reasons: Around the 15th century, the development of commodity economy and the emergence of capitalism in Western European countries.

2) Social reasons: Europeans' fanatical pursuit of ** and ** as currency, especially the circulation of "Ma Jing Raid Ke Polo's Travels", tempted people to the East to search for gold.

3) Direct cause (commercial crisis): Ottoman Turkey controlled the traditional trade routes, which led to the impassability of trade routes, triggering a commercial crisis.

4) Religious reasons: The Church encourages people to spread Catholicism to the East.

Expansion of the basic definition of the opening of new shipping routes:

The opening of new shipping routes generally refers to great geographical discoveries. The Great Geographical Discoveries, also known as the Age of Exploration or the Age of Discovery, the opening of new shipping routes, and the Age of Discovery. It was from the 15th century to the 17th century that European fleets appeared on the seas of the world, looking for new routes and partners to develop the nascent capitalism in Europe.

Expansion of the meaning of the opening of new shipping routes:

The opening of new shipping routes enabled mankind to establish global connections across continents and oceans for the first time. The relative isolation between the continents was broken and the world began to be connected as one. With the opening of new shipping routes, cultural and trade exchanges between the East and the West began to increase significantly, and colonialism and liberalism also began to appear.

Europe's rapid development during this period laid the foundation for its prosperity over Asia. The discovery of new shipping routes has also had a long-term impact on the development of the world's continents hundreds of years later. For countries and peoples outside Europe, the impact of the great geographical discoveries is complex and contradictory, in addition to the exchange of goods, the original inhabitants are often killed and occupied, which can be said to be a history of great invasions.