The main ideas and characteristics of pre Qin Confucianism and Taoism 20

"Pre-Qin" refers to the period before Qin Shi Huang burned books, and is known as the Spring and Autumn Period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Warring States Period. The main academic ideas in our country originated in this period. Now it specifically refers to Laozi, Zhuangzi, Mozi, Mencius, Xunzi and other figures.

The hundred schools of thought generally refer to academic schools such as Taoism, Moism, Mingjia, Legalism, Bingjia, and Zonghengjia.

Confucianism is extremely rich in content, and when formulating Confucianism, it can be said that Confucius was based on the daily code of conduct of the family, so as to extend the moral norms and ways of doing things to the whole country and nation. Confucianism can be simply summarized in nine words, namely benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom, faith, forgiveness, loyalty, filial piety, and compassion. Taoism, on the other hand, regards everything in the world as an indivisible whole, and believes that all things complement each other and do not exist independently.

Taking "Dao" as the highest philosophical thought, it is believed that "Dao" is the highest truth of the world, "Dao" is the origin of all things in the universe, and "Dao" is the basis for the survival of all things in the universe". Legalists advocate the legal system and believe that sound laws and regulations are the foundation of governing the country. The core idea of Legalism is the concept of integrity and the concept of righteousness and benefit based on the concept of human nature.

The core of Confucianism is benevolence, advocating that rulers treat the people with virtue and courtesy, and the biggest difference from other ideas is tolerance; Taoism first put forward the argument that the law of man, the law of the earth, the law of the earth, the law of the sky, the law of the Tao, and the law of nature; Legalism cannot be regarded as an independent faction in the strict sense, because the source of his ideology comes from Confucianism, and the difference is that Legalism takes Confucianism's etiquette and rule the country to the extreme, and completely acts in accordance with the law.

About 2,500 years ago, the great sage Confucius founded a school called Confucianism, also known as Confucianism. Confucianism has always been the dominant ideology and exists as an official ideology. Not only in China, but also in East Asia and other parts of Asia, the Korean Peninsula, Japan, Central Asia, and large parts of Southeast Asia have been profoundly influenced by Confucianism.

Confucianism is an important spiritual wealth of mankind.

The core of Confucianism is "benevolence". Politically, Confucius advocated the restoration of the etiquette system of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the establishment of private schools in education, the promotion of education without class, the emphasis on teaching according to aptitude, and the emphasis on "not being angry, not being angry"; Mencius advocated that the king should practice "benevolent government" so that the world could be brought to the heart. In thought, a tension structure of benevolence and propriety has been formed; From the inner saint to the outer king, through the inner body and mind, the outer king's deeds are learned; Particular attention is paid to the ethical relationship between people, and it is prudently applied to the political practice of the birds, which has become a guiding principle.

The core of Taoist thought is the "Tao", which is believed to be the origin of the universe and the law that governs all movements in the universe. Lao Tzu is the founder of Taoism, and his ideological propositions are:"Inaction", advocating "keeping soft", "living in the subordinate", "few desires" and "goodness".

Mozi is the founder of the Mohist school, and he once proposed "contemporaneous love" to complete fraternity; "Non-offensive" opposes wars of aggression; "Shangxian" does not distinguish between high and low, only talent; "Shangtong" is dedicated to serving the people, promoting the good and eliminating the disadvantages of the society, which is contrary to the Confucian viewpoint; "Tianzhi" grasps the laws of nature; "Non-fate" takes control of one's own destiny through hard work, etc.; "Non-music" got rid of the shackles of ritual music divided into hierarchies, and abolished the cumbersome and extravagant chime making and playing; "Saving" savings to expand production. against the extravagant and hedonistic life; "Festive burial" does not waste social wealth on the dead.

Legalists advocate "rule of law", and advocate the strategy of governing the country with the combination of "law", "art" and "potential" [law - law and rules and regulations, power - power and power, and art - political power. He strongly advocated the centralization of monarchical power.

To put it simply: Confucianism - bachelor, Taoism - hermit, Legalism - strategist, Mohist - chivalrous

Confucianist. There is a way, the Confucian way is benevolence, people should love others, everyone is good, everyone squeezes each other, everyone loves each other, create a better world, everyone is beautiful, this is the world harmony.

Confucius believed that the way of a gentleman is the same road in the world, and the way of a villain is a path that advocates self-esteem and is difficult to tolerate others.

The Taoist Tao is natural, human is natural, there is a realm, and the person with a higher degree of unity between heaven and man is the supreme person. The way of heaven is constant, and the laws of nature are regular.

It is a simple cycle, the way of heaven is constant, people rarely have a natural heart, people's hearts are not normal, people are not strong, not weak, not beautiful, not ugly, not big, not small, not low, not forward, not backward to maintain a stable and orderly state is constant, people do not move, orderly movement, law-abiding movement.

The unity of heaven and man means that all things have the most should exist, and all things should exist in the form of stipulations of human existence, and people's words and deeds should be the most so, and being born with heaven and earth is the unity of heaven and man. This state of the unity of heaven and man is a state of constant operation like a comb, this state is the same state as before, and the form of heaven and earth is the same as that of order and harmony.

The Tao of Buddhism is a kind of Tao without birth, death, suffering, happiness, beauty, ugliness, infinity, wealth, cheapness and nobility, this kind of Tao is a state of mind without self and without obstacles, this state is the state of the same, as if it is not moving, it does not give birth to all kinds of minds, it does not make complicated thoughts, and there is no suffering if the mind does not move. Buddhism is free from suffering and at ease.

Zen Buddhism. There is a flat mind is the way, and the ordinary mind is the way that has now been accepted by some Buddhists outside of Zen Buddhism, and the ordinary mind is a common mind, a mind with a high degree of sameness.

Summary. <>

Hello, thank you for your patience, according to the teacher's understanding, Confucianism, Legalism, Mohistism and Taoism in the pre-Qin period all had ideas about legal governance, but there are some similarities and differences in specific legal thoughts, mainly in the following aspects: <>

Compare the similarities and differences in the legal ideas of Confucianism, Legalism, Moism, and Taoism in the pre-Qin period.

Hello, thank you for your patience, according to the teacher's understanding, Confucianism, Legalism, Mohism and Taoism in the pre-Qin period all have ideas about silver earlier than legal governance, but there are some similarities and differences in specific legal thoughts, mainly manifested in the following with a fight with a dialect: <>

Source of Law: Confucianism advocates that laws should be based on benevolence and etiquette, and that laws should be based on the governance of society. Legalists believe that the law should be based on the authority of the ruler and the provisions of the system, and that the main purpose of the law should be to maintain order and authority.

Taoists and Mohists believe that the law should be based on morality and the laws of nature, and focus on the prosperity of society and the happiness of the people. <>

Purpose of the law: Confucianism advocates that the main purpose of the law should be to educate the society and grasp the society, and guide the people to consciously abide by the law through education, so as to achieve the purpose of governing the society. Legalists believe that the main purpose of the law is to maintain order and the authority of the ruler, and to control and manage the people through the law.

Taoists and Mohists believe that people should consciously abide by moral norms, meet their own needs, and achieve happiness through thinking and reflection. <>

Legal content: Confucianism advocates that legislation should avoid contradictions as much as possible, pay attention to the implementation of key words such as loyalty and filial piety, and attach importance to the humanization and social role of law. Legalists advocate that the content of the law should be concise and concise, and that it should be implemented accurately, and that it should pay attention to the clarity of the law and the degree of dominance over people.

Management method: Confucianism believes that the legal system should be combined with ethics and morality, and that the people's character and behavior should be cultivated through education to achieve the purpose of governing society. Legalists advocate that the law should control the behavior of the people through a strict system, and attach importance to the fine control of the people.