Polio precautions, polio diagnosis essentials

There are three main aspects of polio prevention, the first is to avoid contact with patients, patients need to be isolated for at least 40 days, they can be isolated in hospitals, or they can be isolated at home, avoid going to public places, and when they find similar patients at home or around, they should report to the local hospital in time.

Second, to avoid respiratory tract infections, you can wear masks for prevention, avoid droplets from polyp patients, and avoid digestive tract infections, which need to be fully disinfected in contact with patients.

Third, avoid going to crowded places, do not overwork, exercise appropriately to enhance resistance, and for children, you can take oral live attenuated polio vaccine or inject inactivated vaccine for prevention. These are the main measures for polio prevention, thank you.

Polio is a disease transmitted by the fecal-oral route. The poliovirus is highly transmissible. After a person is infected with polio, there is a certain chance of developing paralysis symptoms, that is, polio, or even respiratory muscle paralysis leading to death.

There is currently no good way to prevent polio, and it is basically prevented by vaccination. And years of experience have proven that vaccines are very effective in preventing polio. There are currently two polio vaccines in China, one is a sugar pill, and one is a free type of vaccine.

Each child is taken at the age of one month after birth. The other is an inactivated vaccine, which provides a safer form of prevention, but at a paid rate

The pills that are distributed every spring, commonly known as sugar pills.

This disease is only for children, and when they are older, they will not be affected.

Answer]:1 Epidemiological history (1) Have a history of contact with a confirmed polio patient or have recently traveled to a polio-endemic area. (2) After an incubation period of 3 35 days (generally 5 14 days).

2 Clinical manifestations (1) In the early stage, there are symptoms such as fever, pharyngeal discomfort, irritability, diarrhea, constipation, excessive sweating, nausea, and muscle aches. (2) Asymmetric flaccid paralysis occurs after the fever subsides (a few can occur during the fever). Neurological examination reveals flaccid paralysis of the limbs and/or asymmetry (unilateral or bilateral), decreased somatic or limb muscle tone, decreased muscle strength, and decreased or absent deep tendon reflexes, but no sensory deficits.

3) Residual paralysis after 60 days of paralysis, and no other ** was found (muscle atrophy may occur in the later stage). 3 Laboratory tests (1) After the onset of the disease, the virus can be isolated from the feces, pharynx, cerebrospinal fluid, brain or spinal cord tissue, and identified as wild poliovirus. (2) Those who have not taken live attenuated polio vaccine (OPV) 6 weeks before the onset of the disease, have not taken OPV or been exposed to the vaccine virus after the onset of the disease, and have found anti-poliovirus IgM antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid or blood within 1 month after paralysis, or the titer of neutralizing antibodies or specific IgG antibodies during the convalescent phase is 4 times higher than that in the acute phase.

Principles of Diagnosis The diagnosis of polio must be based on a comprehensive analysis of medical history, clinical symptoms, physical examination and laboratory tests. Diagnostic criteria1 Suspected case**Any acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) unknown, including cases under 15 years of age with a preliminary clinical diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome2 Clinically diagnosed case (1) Suspected case with epidemiological history. (2) Suspected cases and concomitant clinical manifestations.

3) Suspected cases and concomitant laboratory tests (2). 3 Confirmed case: Suspected case with laboratory testing (1).

4 Case exclusion: (1) Other cases of suspected cases diagnosed as non-polio by laboratory and clinical evidence. (2) The qualified fecal hand and stool specimens of suspected cases have not been isolated from wild poliovirus, or the cerebrospinal fluid or blood specific IgM antibody is negative within 1 month after paralysis, or the serum neutralizing antibody or specific IgG antibody titer in the convalescent phase is not 4 times higher than that in the acute stage. 5 Other cases associated with OPV (1) Vaccine-associated paralytic polio cases in vaccine recipients:

The suspected case had a recent history of OPV immunization, and had fever within 4 to 35 days after taking OPV, and developed acute flaccid and closed baby with slow paralysis at 6 to 40 days without sensory impairment, and the clinical diagnosis was consistent with polio. After being paralyzed, Wang did not take the live polio vaccine, and only the polio vaccine strain virus was isolated from the stool sample, and the virus had a variant in the VP1 gene sequence compared with the original virus.

1.Prevent upper respiratory tract infections and gastrointestinal infections. Patients are advised to avoid cold and to add clothing in a timely manner when the weather changes.

2.Overwork. In daily life, work and rest should be combined to avoid overwork. When fatigue occurs, you should take proper rest.

3.Emotional factors. When the mood is low, it may also induce myelitis, which may be related to the decline of the body's immunity.

Exercising more aerobic exercise, such as long-distance running or cycling, can improve disease resistance. It is also necessary to eat a balanced diet and strengthen nutrients, such as eggs, soy milk and lean meat, as well as fresh fruits and vegetables, such as spinach, tomatoes and kiwifruit, to help improve immunity and prevent myelitis.

Polio is an acute infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. The prevention of infectious diseases is nothing more than those three methods – controlling the source of infection, cutting off the route of transmission, and protecting the susceptible population. To prevent polio, I have personally summed up the following experience:

Part I: Controlling the source of infection.

Polio patients should be quarantined for at least 40 days from the onset of illness, close contacts should be under medical observation for 20 days, and virus carriers should be quarantined according to the patient's requirements.

Part 2: Cutting off the route of transmission.

Polio is transmitted by fecal-oral transmission. The feces of patients in the acute stage can be soaked and disinfected with 20% chlorine-containing lime emulsion (time 1-2h) and discharged, and other chlorine-containing disinfectants (such as sodium hypochlorite) can also be soaked and disinfected before discharge. Diapers, clothes and pants stained with feces should be boiled and disinfected, and clothes should be exposed to sunlight.

Part III: Protecting the susceptible.

1.Artificial active immunization.

Susceptible people can get active immunity through vaccination. There are two types of vaccines: live attenuated vaccine (OPV) and inactivated vaccine (IPV). The live attenuated vaccine is easy to use and can obtain long-term specific immunity in more than 95% of vaccinated people, but it should not be used in immunocompromised people and those receiving immunosuppressants**.

Inactivated vaccines are safe and can be used in immunocompromised people and those receiving immunosuppressants**, but they are expensive and have a short duration of immunity and require repeated injections.

2.Passive immunity.

Unvaccinated young children, pregnant women, health care workers, immunocompromised people, and people who have undergone local surgery such as tonsils should receive gamma globulin as soon as possible if they are in close contact with a patient.

3.Other. During the epidemic, susceptible people should avoid going to crowded places, avoid excessive fatigue and cold, and postpone various preventive injections and unnecessary surgeries.

Polio is mainly transmitted by fecal-oral transmission, and it is important to pay attention to personal hygiene, wash hands frequently, and most importantly, take oral sugar pills.

For polio prevention, the first step is to pay attention to the management of the source of infection. Early detection of patients, timely reporting of the outbreak, and detailed epidemiological investigations. Patients should be isolated for at least 40 days from the date of onset.

Generally, in the first 1 week or so, it is necessary to emphasize the isolation of the respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract at the same time, and close contacts should be under medical observation for at least 20 days. For those who have the virus, they should be isolated according to the patient's requirements. The second step is to cut off the transmission route.

The feces of patients in the acute phase can be soaked in a lime emulsion containing chlorine and then disinfected with a disinfectant before being discharged. Clothes stained with feces should be boiled and disinfected, and hygiene management of water, food, and feces should be strengthened. The third step is to protect the susceptible population.

During the epidemic, children should try to avoid going to crowded places, avoid excessive fatigue and cold, and postpone all kinds of unnecessary injections and surgeries. At the same time, active immunization is also the most important and effective measure to prevent the disease. Oral polio vaccine is usually used, which can achieve better control.

As a result of these treatments, no new cases have been reported in our country.

The main route of transmission of polio.

Polio is an acute infectious disease caused by the invasion of the poliovirus into the circulatory system. Because most people with polio are infants and young children between the ages of 1 and 6, and because polio is at risk of causing cerebral palsy, polio is also known as "polio".

The main route of transmission of polio is through direct contact with fecal-oral infection. Transmission is easy if exposed to items containing poliovirus, and faecally contaminated hands and food are the main vectors of polio. In addition, poor hygiene practices can contribute to the spread of polio.

Because humans are the only reservoir of poliovirus, as long as it is infected with the virus people or objects will cause polio transmission, and mouth-to-mouth infection is also one of the main ways of transmission of polio, that is, through droplets can also transmit poliovirus. Therefore, polio spreads quickly, and if someone in your home or around you is infected with poliovirus, it is important to isolate and observe.

Experts want to emphasize that anyone infected with poliovirus, whether they show symptoms or not, is a source of polio transmission. Therefore, areas with a high incidence of polio must be isolated, and everyone should be isolated for observation.

In conclusion, the main route of transmission of polio is that after the virus enters the mouth, it begins to replicate itself, invades the bloodstream, and may even invade the central nervous system, and can excrete the polio virus through pharyngeal secretions and feces, causing large-scale polio transmission.

When polio reaches the recovery stage, the muscles of the patient's limbs atrophy after nerve damage, which naturally leads to dysfunction or paralysis. However, in the process, medication or training should be carried out according to the doctor's instructions, which can promote the improvement of symptoms in many patients to varying degrees, and most of them are not paralyzed. Therefore, if you want to improve the problem of polio, you can do it in the following ways.

1.Functional exercises. If a child is so severe that they cannot move their limbs, massage can promote blood circulation and regulate the body's nervous system.

As long as you stick to it, you can effectively alleviate the polio problem. 2.Physiotherapy methods.

Children can improve microcirculation through hydrotherapy, electrotherapy, wax therapy and phototherapy, which can effectively promote local blood absorption and inflammation.

Intravascular injection of this vaccine is strictly prohibited: make sure that the needle does not enter the blood vessel. This vaccine should be used with caution in the following situations:

Patients with thrombocytopenia or bleeding disorders may cause bleeding after intramuscular injection of this product; In patients who are receiving immunosuppressants** or who are immunocompromised, the immune response to this vaccine may be weakened. Vaccination should be postponed until the end of the ** or to ensure that it is well protected. This product is recommended for patients with chronic immunodeficiency, such as HIV infection, even if the underlying medical condition may cause a limited immune response.

As with any vaccine, vaccination may not protect 100% of individuals. Do not use this vaccine once it appears to be foggy. For multi-dose packs, use immediately after opening.