Why is the Antarctic ozone hole at its largest in November?

In the Southern Hemisphere it is summer, with high temperatures.

Scientists at the European Union's Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service said Thursday that the ozone hole that forms each year over the Antarctic region is now larger than Antarctica. In the spring of the Southern Hemisphere, from August to October, the ozone over the Antarctic region decreases dramatically, forming a hole. According to the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitor, the hole usually reaches its maximum size between mid-September and mid-October.

Over the past week, the hole has expanded significantly. It is now more than 75 per cent larger than the ozone hole it has had at this time since 1979 and larger than it covers over the continent.

<> director of the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service said in a statement:"This year, the ozone hole has developed in line with expectations at the beginning of the season. Our current ** shows that this year, the hole has evolved to be much larger than usual"。

The agency said"The hole also developed unexpectedly in September last year, but has since become the longest ozone hole in our records. The ozone layer is located between 9 and 22 miles above the Earth and protects the Earth from ultraviolet radiation. Cavities in the Southern Hemisphere are often formed by chemicals such as chlorine and bromine, which drift into the stratosphere to catalyze reactions during the Antarctic winter.

After all, the hole in the ozone layer has shrunk to a level that everyone thinks is surprising. At the very least, this suggests that the trend towards the reduction of the ozone layer is moving in the direction of human efforts. After all, for every 1% decrease in ozone in the atmosphere, there will be a 2% increase in ultraviolet rays reaching the ground through the ozone layer, a 3% increase in the risk of cancer, an increase in cataracts, a decrease in the immune system, and so on.

The impact on living organisms is also quite serious, because ultra-high ultraviolet light has a strong killing power on biological cells. The hazards of the ozone hole are unavoidable for all kinds of organisms in the Earth's ecosystems and biosphere.

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I think it's going to get bigger and bigger, because the ozone hole or the big hole has been hit by some asteroids, and the area is gradually expanding, and we humans can't repair it, so it's going to get bigger and bigger.

Yes, because the global temperature is gradually warming, and the electronic devices and some living conditions in human life will emit ozone, so it will slowly become larger, and if these states are contained, it will become smaller.

If human beings do not do anything that particularly damages the balance of nature, I don't think this phenomenon will happen, nature is relatively in a state of equilibrium, it clearly implies that they have a relative ability to maintain self-stability, and if they are not seriously damaged, they will not be separated from natural phenomena.

The hole in the ozone layer above Antarctica is now expanding and partially disappearing completely. In the second half of 2020, a large ozone layer hole was formed over Antarctic Township, and in September 2020, the ozone layer hole area reached 24.8 million square kilometers, about twice the land area of China, and scientists also found that in a six-kilometer-high stratosphere near Antarctica, ozone almost completely disappeared. This year, the heat exchange between the Antarctic stratosphere and the extrapolar regions has been significantly weaker, which further promotes the cooling of the Antarctic stratosphere.

The hole in the ozone layer above Antarctica is much better now, so few people talk about it anymore.

The situation is very good because it has been controlled, and it is rarely talked about these days.

The formation of the Antarctic ozone hole is caused by the interaction of two anthropogenic gases, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and bromofluorocarbons, at high altitudes. Letters

The Antarctic ozone hole is a large area of ozone reduction in the Antarctic region, which typically peaks between spring and summer in the Southern Hemisphere. The formation and existence of the Antarctic ozone hole is due to the emission of man-made chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other chemicals in the atmosphere, which are gradually carried over the polar regions by wind and atmospheric movement after being released into the atmosphere. Here, they are accelerated by sunlight and the cold temperatures of the polar winter to break down into free chloride ions and other chemicals formed by reactions.

The Antarctic ozone holeThese compounds are released into the atmosphere and carried upper, where they break down into free chlorine and free bromine, which react to destroy ozone in the atmosphere. During the polar winter in Antarctica, an ozone hole is formed due to weather and temperature changes, which prevents the ozone layer from protecting the surface, causing more ultraviolet rays to penetrate into the lower part of the atmosphere, causing serious biological and environmental impacts.

Free chloride ions are the main destroyers of ozone molecules, they attack ozone molecules and break them down into oxygen. As a result, the ozone levels in the Antarctic ozone hole will be several times lower than normal levels. This phenomenon has a serious negative impact on the Earth's ecosystems, such as leading to cancer and other health problems, and has a profound impact on global climate and weather patterns.

Characteristics of the Antarctic ozone hole

1. Huge area: The area of the Antarctic ozone hole usually peaks between spring and summer, and the maximum area can reach 10,000 square kilometers. This area is larger than that of North America and more than five times the size of Australia.

2. Extremely low ozone concentration: The ozone concentration in the cavity is very low, even only one-tenth of that under normal circumstances. This is because the free chloride ions formed by the interaction of chlorofluorocarbons in the cavity with ultraviolet light can destroy the ozone layer, resulting in the destruction of the ozone layer.

3. Long duration: The formation and disappearance of the Antarctic ozone hole usually takes several months. Due to the unusually low temperature inside the cavity, the cavity will persist until the end of summer.

4. Irregular morphology: The morphology of the Antarctic ozone hole is usually irregular, because the formation of the hole is affected by a variety of factors, such as wind direction, atmospheric movement, etc.

These characteristics make the Antarctic ozone hole an important area of environmental science research, and remind us of the importance of global environmental protection.

The 2020 Antarctic ozone hole is big and deeply hotly discussed, and many people say why this is happening, but in fact, this season is indeed easy to do, not only that, most of the possible causes are man-made, and everyone must pay attention to environmental hygiene.

The World Meteorological Organization said on October 6 local time that in recent years, the annual ozone hole over Antarctica has been the largest and deepest ever. The analysis has shown that the void has now reached its maximum range. This is driven by a strong, stable and cold polar vortex that keeps the ozone layer on Antarctica cold.

The 2022 Antarctic ozone hole has been growing rapidly since mid-August and peaked at about 24 million square kilometres in early October. The cavity now covers an area of 23 million square kilometers, higher than the average of the last decade, and covers much of the Antarctic continent.

If the ozone layer grows larger, the glaciers will melt and the sea level will rise, and then the coastal countries will be submerged, and the weather will also have an impact, and the bad weather will become more and more severe, and it may lead to the destruction of life on Earth for the sixth time, ...... worse

Spring in the Southern Hemisphere.

August to November is spring in the Southern Hemisphere, summer and autumn in the Northern Hemisphere. At this time, people use refrigerators, air conditioners, and other refrigerants to easily enter the stratosphere.

When the polar night ends and spring arrives (starting in September), when the Sun crosses the horizon again, the atmosphere in the region is heated up due to the absorption of solar radiation by ozone in the lower middle stratosphere. 。

The suction caused by this upward motion brings gases with low tropospheric ozone content into the stratosphere, thus replacing the original gases with high stratospheric ozone content. It was not until November, when ozone concentrations over Antarctica gradually increased, that this "pumping effect" waned. It can be seen that this "pumping effect" in Antarctic hot springs led to the formation of an ozone hole in Antarctic hot springs.

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Analysis: Why does the ozone hole only occur in Antarctica, or why does the amount of ozone in Antarctica drop so much?

It turns out that during the winter half year, there is a deep vortex over Antarctica, and the air flow rotates clockwise along the Antarctic plateau, sealing the Antarctic continent. Ozone-rich air currents from the equator cannot enter the sky over Antarctica. And the air that rises in the vortex because the air temperature falls much faster than the actual temperature in the atmosphere is distributed with altitude.

In addition, the Antarctic Plateau has a high altitude and low temperature, so it forms a very low temperature environment. At an altitude of 20 kilometres where the ozone layer is located, temperatures often fall below 80 (much lower than in the Arctic). As the air rises in the Antarctic vortex, a large number of clouds of ice crystals are formed, and the ice crystals in the clouds continue to absorb chlorofluorocarbon gases in higher concentrations.

Once the Antarctic spring (September) arrives and the polar night ends, the ice clouds heat up under the sun's rays, and chlorofluorocarbon gas is rapidly released. Whereas, the chlorofluorocarbon molecule begins to release chlorine atoms under ultraviolet light ......The destruction of the ozone layer, described above, begins immediately, and the ozone hole occurs in the ozone layer due to the large loss of ozone. Once the Antarctic vortex is broken or destroyed in late spring, a large amount of fresh air from the ozone-rich equator from the south enters the Antarctic sky, and the ozone hole disappears in a hurry.