What does canard on an airplane mean?

In the absence of vector technology in the engine, it is an option to compensate for maneuverability!

The early canard layout flew like a duck, hence the name "canard layout", and the forward front wing was also called "canard wing". At the beginning of the 20th century, the first manned powered aircraft successfully tested by the Wright Brothers in the United States was a canard layout.

An aircraft without a horizontal tail and with a horizontal winglet surface in front of the wing. The winglet surface in front of the wing is called the front wing or canard, and the front wing can play the role of pitch maneuvering and balancing like the horizontal tail; It is also possible to use only fixed front wings, in which case the pitch control of the aircraft is done by the lifting aileron on the trailing edge of the wing. Canards are not easy to stall due to their front wings, which is conducive to simplifying aircraft piloting and ensuring flight safety.

This is invaluable for low-wing light and ultralight aircraft with simple construction, but the take-off and landing performance of canards is poor. The use of triangular front wings and wings with small aspect ratio and large sweep angle on supersonic aircraft, and the favorable airflow interference between them, to some extent compensate for the shortcomings of canard aircraft. How [this paragraph] works An aircraft that does not have a horizontal tail but has a horizontal winglet surface in front of the wing.

The winglet surface in front of the wing is called the front wing or canard. The front wing can be composed of a fixed part and an elevator like a horizontal tail (or a fully moving front wing) to play the role of pitch control and balance; It is also possible to use only fixed front wings, in which case the pitch control of the aircraft is done by the lifting aileron on the trailing edge of the wing.

Generally, when the angle of attack increases, the aircraft will produce a bowing moment, which needs to be balanced by the torque of the negative lift of the horizontal tail. In canards, the balancing moment is made up of the additional positive lift of the canards. At large angles of attack, the flat tail reduces the lift of the whole machine; The canard wings can increase the lift of the whole aircraft.

At high angles of attack, the canards in front are always at a greater angle of attack than the wings. This is mainly due to the need for aircraft balancing, but also due to the effect of the wing on the canard (upwash). In this way, when the air flow on the canard is separated, the lift of the wing is still far from reaching its load-bearing limit.

Due to the limitation of the carrying capacity of the canards, the lift of the whole aircraft is not as large as that of normal aircraft. In addition, since the trailing edge of the wing is far from the aircraft's center of gravity (CG), the greater head-down moment will overburden the canard if the trailing edge flap is used to increase it. Therefore, the take-off and landing performance of the canard aircraft is not good, and it has not been widely used.

Canards are not easy to stall due to their front wings, which is conducive to simplifying aircraft piloting and ensuring flight safety. This is invaluable for low-wing load light and ultralight aircraft with simple construction.

Canard, mainly refers to a way of laying out an aircraft. i.e. a canard layout.

Canard layout: The cockpit is flanked by two smaller triangular (swept) wings and a large triangular wing at the rear. For example, China's J-10, J-20, and Europe's EF2000.

The canard layout is an aerodynamic layout that is very suitable for supersonic air combat. As early as before World War II, the former Soviet Union had discovered that if the horizontal tail was moved to the sides of the nose before the main wing, the same maneuvering efficiency could be achieved with a smaller wing surface, and the front wing and the wing could generate lift at the same time, unlike the horizontal tail canard, which mainly refers to a layout of the aircraft.

wings, balancing the pitch moment will in most cases produce negative lift. The early duck layout flew like a duck, hence the name "duck layout". The front wing of an aircraft with a canard layout is called a "canard".

There are two kinds of canard wings of fighters, one is not maneuverable, and its function is to strengthen the leading edge vortex of the wing when the aircraft is in a high angle of attack state, improve the performance of the aircraft in a high angle of attack state, and also facilitate the short moment take-off and landing of the aircraft. The fighters that really have maneuverable canard wings currently include China's J-10, Europe's EF 2000, France's Rafale, Sweden's JAS 39, etc. In addition to generating vortices, the canards of these aircraft are also used to improve stability dips during transonic speeds, while also reducing trim drag and facilitating supersonic air combat.

When landing, the canard wing can also be deflected at a large negative angle, acting as a speed brake. Allegedly, the next generation of Russian aircraft is also considering the use of a canard layout.

Since air combat entered the jet age, the evolution of fighter aerodynamic design has been a process of continuous exploration in actual combat.

It is possible to supply jet fighters with a large amount of air, especially at high altitudes, improving maneuverability.

Biomimicry is a type that uses ailerons to improve lift and save fuel.