How are the rails of a car engine damaged?

When the automobile engine is not working properly, and the self-diagnosis system does not have a fault code output, it is especially necessary to rely on the operator's inspection and judgment to determine the nature of the fault and the location of the fault.

The common faults of automobile engines are summarized as follows:

1. Fault phenomenon: turn on the ignition switch, dial the ignition switch to the starting position, and the engine cannot start.

2. Possible causes of failure:

a.The engine cannot rotate or rotates too slowly due to the failure of the starting system: the battery is not stored enough, the electrode pile clamp is loose or the electrode pile is seriously oxidized; The main fuse of the circuit is broken; Ignition switch failure; starter failure; The starting line is broken or the line connector is in poor contact.

b.Ignition system failure: The ignition coil works poorly, resulting in weak or no high-voltage sparks; ignition failure; The ignition time is incorrect.

c.Fuel injection system failure: There is no fuel in the tank; The fuel pump is not working or the pump oil pressure is too low; Fuel line leakage and deformation; The disconnect relay is disconnected; The fuel pressure regulator is not working well; The fuel filter is too dirty.

d.Air intake system failure: Failure of the idle control valve or its control line; Idle control valve air pipe rupture or joint leakage; The air flow meter is faulty.

According to Chinese mainland standards, the engine displacement is divided into: mini car (displacement of less than 1L), ordinary car (displacement of intermediate sedan (displacement of medium and high-end sedan (displacement of high-end car (displacement of more than 4L).

The tail of most domestic cars has a car model composed of pinyin letters and Arabic numerals, and its content includes the following three parts: the first part is composed of 2 or 3 pinyin letters, which is the code name to identify the enterprise name.

For example, the CA behind the Hongqi car represents FAW, and the QC of the Flair car represents Qinchuan; Pinyin letters are generally followed by 4 Arabic numerals, the first number from the left of the car is "7", and the middle two digits are the engine displacement of the model car, such as "08" means that the engine displacement is liters, "20" means liters, and "16" is liters; There is also a digit after the number indicating the displacement that indicates the serial number of the product set by the enterprise.

Ketis: The volume of space that the piston travels from the top dead center of the cylinder to the bottom dead center is called the cylinder displacement, because car engines usually have several gases.

The volume of space through which the piston moves from top dead center to bottom dead center is called cylinder displacement; If the engine has several cylinders, the sum of the working volumes of all cylinders is called the engine displacement. It is generally expressed in liters (l). Engine displacement is one of the most important structural parameters, it is more representative of the size of the engine than the bore and number of cylinders, and many indicators of the engine are closely related to the displacement volume.

Usually the displacement is large, and the energy released by the engine per unit time (that is, the chemical energy of the fuel is converted into mechanical energy) is large, that is, the "power" is good, just like a teenager boy is of course more efficient than a healthy adult. So those off-road vehicles and sports cars usually have a relatively large displacement.

The division of car classes in China is determined according to the size of the displacement.

1. The displacement of the minicar is less than or equal to 1 0l.

2. The displacement of ordinary cars is in the range of 1 0-1 6L.

3. The displacement of the intermediate sedan is in the range of 1 6-2 5L.

4. The displacement of mid-to-high-end sedans is within the range.

5. The displacement of luxury cars is greater than 4 0L.

Hello, landlord, car engines are not strictly classified, but in our country, it can be roughly said that the above is a large displacement, the largest to, such as Bugatti, and the rest are small displacements.

That's too much, the smallest some, the biggest some, as I said upstairs, but the common mainstream ones in the market are in between, slightly larger ones like the Q7, the BMW X, and so on.

You can try to brush the ECU power upgrade, increase a lot of horsepower and torque, HDP special tuning program in many ** stores across the country.

Automobile engine classification: BAI

1. According to the different powers, the automobile engine can be divided into diesel DAO engine, gasoline engine, electric vehicle motor and hybrid.

2. According to the working mode of the air intake system, it can be divided into four types: naturally aspirated, turbocharged, mechanically supercharged and double-pressed.

3. According to the piston movement mode, it can be divided into two types: reciprocating piston internal combustion engine and rotary piston engine.

4. According to the cylinder arrangement type, it is divided into in-line engine, V-type engine, W-type engine and horizontally opposed engine.

5. According to the number of cylinders, it can be divided into single-cylinder engine and multi-cylinder engine. Modern cars mostly use three-cylinder, four-cylinder, six-cylinder, and eight-cylinder engines.

6. According to different cooling methods, it can be divided into water-cooled engine and air-cooled engine. The water-cooled engine cools evenly, works reliably, and has a good cooling effect, and is widely used in modern automotive engines.

7. According to the number of strokes, it can be divided into four-stroke internal combustion engine and two-stroke internal combustion engine. Four-stroke internal combustion engines are widely used in automobile engines.

8. Classified according to the way of fuel: carburetor engine and EFI engine and in-cylinder direct injection engine.

According to the displacement, it is divided into large and medium strikes.

The basis of the small and large bai is above the displacement.

The basics of all are there.

The small displacement is the following.

There are also inspiratory du types, naturally aspirated and turbocharged supercharged.

According to the arrangement, there are horizontal opposites, V-shaped arrangements, etc.

There are 5 types of piston engines:

In-line, V-shaped, W-shaped, horizontal (H-type), star-shaped. The first 4 of them are for cars, and the latter for airplanes.

1.The most commonly used is [in-line transverse], that is, 4 or more cylinders are lined up on the crankshaft. The advantage is that the structure is simple, and the 4-cylinder engine is suitable for small cars.

type, that is, the cylinder is divided into two groups, left and right, which are installed on the same crankshaft alternately, but the two are at a certain angle (mostly 90 degrees or 70 degrees). The advantage is that it is compact in size and has little vibration.

The model is actually a combination of two sets of V-type machines. The structure is extremely complex, but more compact and efficient. It is mostly seen in the classification configuration of luxury cars, such as Audi, Volkswagen, etc.

4.Horizontal, also known as horizontal opposition. That is, the cylinders are also divided into two groups, but they are mounted on the same crankshaft relative to each other at an angle of 180 degrees.

The advantage is that the height of the engine compartment can be reduced, and the vibration of the machine is very effectively avoided. It is mostly found in sports cars, such as Fujifilm in Japan and Porsche in Germany.

5.Star shape, it is not difficult to imagine, the cylinder has a crankshaft as the shaft, and the stars are arranged around. It is characterized by a more suitable fit for installation within the streamlined body of the aircraft. It is mostly seen in old-fashioned propeller aircraft.

The classification of automobiles can be divided into transport vehicles, special purpose vehicles, special purpose vehicles, new energy vehicles, and automobiles with road driving conditions according to the type of power unit.

According to the position of the engine, it can be divided into:

Front engine: the engine as a whole is near the front axle, with "F" to indicate the middle engine: the engine as a whole is between the front and rear axles, with "M" to indicate the rear engine: the engine as a whole near the rear axle, with "R" means that according to the way the engine is placed can be divided into:

Transverse engine: The crankshaft and body are at right angles.

Longitudinal engine: The crankshaft and body are in parallel directions.

According to the structural form of the engine, it can be divided into:

In-line engines: All cylinders are lined up side by side in a flat surface.

V-engine: The cylinders are arranged in a V-shape.

Horizontally opposed engine: In fact, it is a derivative of the V-type engine, with an angle of 180°. It is represented by the letter "h".

Classification of engines.

According to the classification of piston motion mode: piston internal combustion engine can be divided into two types: reciprocating piston type and rotary piston type. The former piston moves in a reciprocating linear motion in the cylinder, while the latter piston moves in a rotary motion in the cylinder.

According to the classification of the air intake system: the internal combustion engine can be divided into naturally aspirated (non-supercharged) engine and forced air intake (supercharged) engine according to whether the air intake system adopts a supercharged method. If the air intake is carried out in a near-atmospheric state, it is a non-supercharged internal combustion engine or a naturally aspirated internal combustion engine; If the inlet pressure is increased by the supercharger and the intake air density increases, it is a supercharged internal combustion engine.

Supercharging can increase the power of the internal combustion engine.

Classification according to cylinder arrangement: internal combustion engines can be divided into single-row, double-row and three-row according to different cylinder arrangement. The cylinders of a single-row engine are arranged in a row, usually vertically, but in order to reduce the height, the cylinders are sometimes arranged in an inclined or even horizontal manner.

The double-row engine arranges the cylinders into two rows, and the angle between the two rows < 180° (generally 90°) is called the V-shaped engine, and if the angle between the two rows = 180°, it is called the opposing engine. The three-row type arranges the cylinders into three rows to become a W-type engine.

Classification according to the number of cylinders: Internal combustion engines can be divided into single-cylinder engines and multi-cylinder engines according to the number of cylinders. An engine with only one cylinder is called a single-cylinder engine; An engine with more than two cylinders is called a multi-cylinder engine.

For example, double-cylinder, three-cylinder, four-cylinder, five-cylinder, six-cylinder, eight-cylinder, twelve-cylinder, sixteen-cylinder, etc. are all multi-cylinder engines. Modern automotive engines mostly use four-cylinder, six-cylinder, and eight-cylinder engines.

Classification according to cooling method: Internal combustion engines can be divided into water-cooled engines and air-cooled engines according to different cooling methods. The water-cooled engine is cooled by using the coolant circulating in the cooling water jacket of the cylinder block and cylinder head as the cooling medium; Air-cooled engines, on the other hand, use the air flowing between the cylinder block and the heat sink on the outer surface of the cylinder head as a cooling medium for cooling.

Water-cooled engines cool evenly, work reliably, and have good cooling effect, and are widely used in modern vehicle engines.

According to the classification of strokes: internal combustion engines can be divided into four-stroke internal combustion engines and two-stroke internal combustion engines according to the number of strokes required to complete a working cycle. The crankshaft rotates twice (720°), the piston reciprocates up and down in the cylinder for four strokes, and the internal combustion engine that completes a working cycle is called a four-stroke internal combustion engine; The internal combustion engine that rotates the crankshaft once (360°), the piston reciprocates up and down in the cylinder for two strokes, and completes a working cycle is called a two-stroke internal combustion engine.

Four-stroke internal combustion engines are widely used in automobile engines.

Classification according to the fuel used: Internal combustion engines can be divided into gasoline engines and diesel engines according to the different fuels used. An internal combustion engine that uses gasoline as fuel is called a gasoline engine; An internal combustion engine that uses a diesel engine as fuel is called a diesel engine.

Gasoline engines and diesel engines have their own characteristics; The gasoline engine has high speed, small quality, low noise, easy starting, and low manufacturing cost; The diesel engine has a large compression ratio, high thermal efficiency, and better economic performance and emission performance than the gasoline engine.

Common car engines are divided into several major items, including the following:

According to the cooling method, it is divided into two types: water cooling and air cooling.

According to the air intake mode, it is divided into naturally aspirated and supercharged intake, and the supercharging mode is divided into turbocharging and mechanical supercharging, and diesel engine and gasoline engine are divided according to fuel.

Punch is divided into two-stroke and four-stroke.

According to the arrangement of cylinders, it is divided into L column, V type and W type.

Rotary engines are not seen at all in practical use, so they are not included.

It is a common launch on the market at present.

The types of machines are:

In-line engines: All cylinders are lined up side by side in a flat surface.

Advantages: low manufacturing cost, high stability, good low-speed torque characteristics, compact size.

Disadvantages: too large volume, not suitable for large displacement models.

V-engine: The cylinders are arranged in a V-shape. It divides all cylinders into two groups with adjacent cylinders at an angle of 60°-90°. Common V-engines are V6, V8, V10, and V12.

The advantages of the V-type engine are stable operation, space-saving, and it is more convenient for automobile manufacturers to arrange the engine compartment.

Disadvantages: compact structure, complex interior, not conducive to maintenance and repair, and high cost.

Horizontally opposed engine: In fact, it is a derivative of the V-type engine, with an angle of 180°. It is represented by the letter "h". The most common ones are four-cylinder engines and six-cylinder engines.

The advantages are low center of gravity, small size, low vibration and high power.

The disadvantages are that the cost is high and the engine is too wide.

This can only be said which car's engine is good, not what engine is good.

And to distinguish the quality of a car, the first thing to look at is the engine. There are several permutations of engines:

v、h、w、l。The most common ones are v and l. The number of cylinders in the engine is:

Single cylinder (diesel truck cylinder, 4 cylinder, 6 cylinder, 8 cylinder, 10 cylinder, 12 cylinder (most supercar cylinders (a few supercars). There are often cylinders. It is not that the more cylinders, the more stakes, but also the volume, compression ratio, power, maximum torque, drive mode, etc.

The single-cylinder engine is the simplest of all engines, it has only one cylinder and is the basic form of the engine.

When the single-cylinder engine is working, every turn of the crankshaft (two-stroke) or two turns (four-stroke), the mixture in the cylinder is ignited and burned once, and from the sound and vibration, it can be clearly felt that the engine is working intermittently, and the exhaust is also a "sudden" intermittent sound.

Advantages: Single-cylinder engines have a simple and compact design and often provide more power in a limited space. The cooling effect is also better than that of multi-cylinder engines, and if air cooling is used, the mass can be further reduced.

Disadvantages: Although the single-cylinder engine has a simple structure and is economical. The vibrations they produce are also acceptable in many applications, but less so in others.

While it is possible to install a balancer shaft and counterweight to dampen the vibration, this complexity often negates the previously listed benefits.