The structural part of the automobile engine, the construction of the automobile engine

An engine is a complex machine that consists of many mechanisms and systems. Whether it is a gasoline engine, or a diesel engine; Whether it's a four-stroke engine or a two-stroke engine; Whether it's a single-cylinder engine, or a multi-cylinder engine. In order to complete the energy conversion, realize the work cycle, and ensure the continuous normal operation for a long time, the following mechanisms and systems must be in place.

1) Crank linkage mechanism.

The crank linkage mechanism is the main moving part of the engine to realize the working cycle and complete the energy conversion. It is composed of a body group, a piston connecting rod group and a crankshaft flywheel group, etc. In the power stroke, the piston is subjected to gas pressure in a linear motion in the cylinder, which is converted into the rotary motion of the crankshaft through the connecting rod, and outputs power from the crankshaft.

During the intake, compression and exhaust strokes, the flywheel releases energy and converts the rotational motion of the crankshaft into the linear motion of the piston.

2) Gas distribution mechanism.

The function of the valve mechanism is to open and close the intake and exhaust valves at regular intervals according to the working sequence and working process of the engine, so that the combustible mixture or air enters the cylinder, and the exhaust gas is discharged from the cylinder to realize the ventilation process. Most of the valve trains adopt overhead valve valve mechanisms, which are generally composed of valve groups, valve transmission groups and valve actuation groups.

3) Fuel supply system.

The function of the fuel supply system of the gasoline engine is to prepare a certain amount and concentration of mixed gas according to the requirements of the engine, supply it to the cylinder, and discharge the exhaust gas after combustion from the cylinder to the atmosphere; The function of the diesel engine fuel supply system is to supply diesel and air into the cylinder respectively, form a mixture in the combustion chamber and burn it, and finally discharge the exhaust gas after combustion.

4) Lubrication system.

The function of the lubrication system is to deliver a certain amount of clean lubricating oil to the surface of the parts in relative motion to achieve liquid friction, reduce frictional resistance, and reduce the wear of parts. and the surface of the part is cleaned and cooled. The lubrication system usually consists of a lubricating oil channel, an oil pump, an oil filter, and some valves.

5) Cooling system.

The function of the cooling system is to dissipate part of the heat absorbed by the heated parts in time to ensure that the engine works at the most suitable temperature state. The cooling system of a water-cooled engine usually consists of a cooling jacket, a water pump, a fan, a water tank, a thermostat, etc.

6) Ignition system.

In a gasoline engine, the flammable mixture in the cylinder is ignited by an electric spark, for which a spark plug is installed on the cylinder head of the gasoline engine, and the head of the spark plug protrudes into the combustion chamber. All equipment that can generate electric sparks between the spark plug electrodes on time is called an ignition system, which usually consists of a battery, a generator, a distributor, an ignition coil and a spark plug.

7) Starting system.

In order to make the engine transition from a stationary state to a working state, it is necessary to rotate the crankshaft of the engine with external force first, so that the piston can reciprocate, and the combustible mixture in the cylinder burns and expands to work, and pushes the piston to move downward to rotate the crankshaft. The engine can run on its own and the duty cycle can be automatic. Therefore, the whole process from the crankshaft starting to rotate under the action of external force to the engine starting to idle automatically is called the starting of the engine.

The device required to complete the starting process is called the starting system of the engine.

The engine is composed of two major mechanisms and five systems: crank connecting rod mechanism and valve mechanism; Fuel supply system, ignition system, starting system, lubrication system, cooling system.

Most of the engines of modern automobiles are mixed with gasoline or diesel and air to burn directly inside the cylinder, and the expansion pressure of the combustion gas is used to push the machine to run and generate power, so it is called an internal combustion engine.

The gasoline engine consists of two mechanisms and 5 systems.

1) Crankshaft connecting rod mechanism. The crankshaft connecting rod mechanism is a mechanism that generates and outputs power, which is composed of the main parts such as the body, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, and flywheel. The body is the basic skeleton of the engine, which contains the combustion chamber and cylinder barrel, which stores the combustible mixture and provides space for piston movement; The exterior is equipped with a variety of accessories.

The piston and connecting rod are used to withstand the gas pressure, push the crankshaft to rotate to do work, and cooperate with the crankshaft flywheel to complete three auxiliary strokes. The crankshaft and flywheel turn the force transmitted from the connecting rod into rotational torque, which is transmitted to the transmission device through the flywheel, and at the same time drives the water pump, generator and other accessories to work.

2) Gas distribution mechanism. According to the work sequence of the engine and the requirements of the working cycle of each cylinder, the intake and exhaust valves are opened and closed in time, so that the combustible mixture can enter the cylinder in time and the exhaust gas is discharged.

The valve mechanism is generally composed of valves, valve springs, valve guides, valve seat inserts, rocker arms, rocker arm shafts, push rods, tappets and camshafts.

3) Fuel system. According to the requirements of different working conditions of the engine, the fuel and air are prepared into a certain proportion of combustible mixture, which is supplied to the cylinder for combustion work, and the exhaust gas after combustion is discharged.

The carburetor fuel supply system is composed of fuel tank, gasoline pump, gasoline filter, carburetor, air filter, intake and exhaust pipe and other main parts. The fuel supply system of the EFI engine is different from the above in that the carburetor is eliminated and the electronically controlled fuel injection system is used.

4) Lubrication system. The main function of the lubrication system is to reduce the wear and tear of the engine. The engine lubrication system is composed of the main components such as oil pump, filter, pressure limiting valve and oil pressure gauge.

5) Cooling system. The function of the cooling system is to use cooling water or air to forcibly cool the engine heating parts, and control the temperature of the engine in the most favorable working range. The cooling system is usually composed of the main components such as a water pump, cooling radiator, fan, thermostat and water temperature gauge.

6) Ignition system. The function of the ignition system is to turn the low-voltage electricity of the battery or engine into high-voltage electricity, and according to the working order of the engine, take turns to break through the spark plug gap in each cylinder to generate electric sparks and ignite the combustible mixture. The ignition system consists of an ignition coil, a distributor, a capacitor, a spark plug, an ignition switch, etc.

7) Starting system. The function of the starting system is to drive the crankshaft to rotate, so that the engine can enter the normal working state. The starting system is composed of a DC motor, a transmission mechanism, a control mechanism, etc.

In terms of its overall function, the engine is basically composed of two major mechanisms: crank connecting rod mechanism and valve mechanism; Five major systems: starting system, fuel supply system, ignition system, lubrication system, cooling system.

The following is a brief introduction to the composition and function of each institution and system:

1) Crank linkage mechanism.

It is mainly composed of three parts: cylinder block and crankcase group, piston connecting rod group and crankshaft flywheel group.

Function: Convert the heat energy generated during fuel combustion into the mechanical energy of the reciprocating motion of the piston, and then convert the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotary motion of the crankshaft through the connecting rod to output power to the outside world.

2) Gas distribution mechanism.

It is mainly composed of intake valves, exhaust valves, tappets, rocker arms, camshaft timing gears, etc.

Function: make the combustible mixture into the cylinder in time, and discharge the exhaust gas from the cylinder in time.

3. Starting system.

It is mainly composed of a starter and its attachments.

Function: Start the stationary engine and turn it into normal operation.

4. Fuel supply system.

It is mainly composed of gasoline tank, gasoline pump, gasoline filter, air filter, intake pipe, exhaust pipe, exhaust muffler, etc.

Function: Mix gasoline and air into a suitable combustible mixture into the cylinder for combustion, and exhaust the exhaust gas generated by combustion is discharged from the engine.

5. Ignition system.

It is mainly composed of batteries, generators, power breakers (combined with power distribution devices and other component electrical appliances), ignition coils, spark plugs, etc.

Function: Ensure that the compressed mixture in the gas cylinder is ignited in time at the specified time.

6. Lubrication system.

It is mainly composed of oil pump, filter collector, pressure limiting valve, lubricating oil channel, oil primary filter, oil fine filter, oil cooler, etc.

Function: The lubricating oil is sent to the surface of the parts in relative motion at a certain pressure to reduce the frictional resistance between them, reduce the wear between the parts, and at the same time play the role of cooling the friction parts and cleaning the surface of the friction parts.

7. Cooling system.

It is mainly composed of water pumps, radiators, fans, water distribution pipes, cylinder block drain valves, cylinder blocks and cavities (water jackets) cast in the cylinder head.

Function: Dissipate the heat of the heated parts into the atmosphere to ensure the normal operation of the engine.

Crank linkage mechanism.

Valve mechanism. Fuel system cooling system.

Lubrication system, starting system.

Let's talk about the principle of the engine, the piston in the engine does reciprocating motion, you need to know the four-stroke of the engine, air intake, compression, work, exhaust. Air intake, pure air in

Hello, the engine is composed of two major mechanisms, the crank connecting rod mechanism and the valve mechanism, as well as cooling, lubrication, ignition, and fuel supply. It is composed of five major systems, including the start-up system. The main accessories are: Cylinder blocks, cylinder heads, pistons, piston pins, connecting rods, crankshafts, flywheels, etc.

Engine components: It is composed of crank connecting rod mechanism, air valve mechanism, oil pump, oil filter, pressure limiting valve and other parts.

1. The crank connecting rod mechanism is the main motion mechanism of the engine to realize energy conversion and complete the working cycle, which is composed of cylinder block, cylinder head, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft and flywheel and other parts.

2. The function of the valve mechanism is to realize the ventilation process of the engine, according to the working cycle of the engine, open and close the intake and exhaust valves regularly, so that the combustible mixture enters the cylinder, and the exhaust gas is discharged from the cylinder. The valve train usually consists of a valve train, a valve train train and a valve actuator.

3) Fuel supply system.

The function of the fuel supply system of the gasoline engine is to prepare a certain concentration and quantity of fresh combustible mixture and send it to the cylinder according to the requirements of the engine. The function of the diesel engine fuel supply system is to supply diesel and air into the cylinder respectively in a certain proportion, form a mixture in the combustion chamber and burn it, so that the engine can work continuously.

4. The function of the lubrication system is to supply a certain amount of clean lubricating oil to the friction surface of the engine moving parts. It is mainly composed of oil pumps, oil filters, pressure limiting valves and other parts.

5. Cooling systemThe function of the cooling system is to absorb and dissipate the excess heat of the heated parts of the engine to ensure that the engine works at the most suitable temperature state. It is mainly composed of water pumps, cooling jackets, radiators, fans, thermostats and other parts.

6. Ignition systemThe function of the ignition system is to generate electric sparks and ignite the combustible mixture in the gas cylinder at the specified time. It is mainly composed of ignition coils, distributors, batteries, generators and spark plugs.

7. The function of the starting system is to start the engine. The crankshaft starts to turn under the action of external force, and the process by which the engine starts to run on its own is called the starting of the engine. The starting system is mainly composed of the starter and its accessories. Hope to be adopted by you, thank you.

1 Engine.

The engine is the power plant of the car.

Its function is to make the fuel supplied to it burn.

And generate momentum (

converts thermal energy into mechanical energy).

The wheels are then driven through the chassis' drive train to drive the car.

The fuels used in modern cars are mainly gasoline and diesel.

The gasoline engine consists of a crank connecting rod mechanism, a valve mechanism, a fuel supply system, a cooling system, a lubrication system, an ignition system, and a starting system.

Yes. Diesel engines do not have an ignition system because the ignition method of the fuel in the cylinder is compression-ignition.

2 Chassis. The function of the chassis is to support and install the automobile engine and its components and assemblies, form the overall shape of the car, and accept the power of the engine, so that the car can move and ensure the normal driving of the car.

The chassis consists of a drive train, a driving system, a steering system, and a brake system.

3. Body and ancillary equipment.

The body is mounted on the frame of the chassis for the driver, passengers to ride and load cargo.

Except for passenger cars and some passenger cars, which are integral structures, the body of trucks is generally composed of two parts: the cab and the cargo box.

4 Electrical equipment.

Electrical equipment consists of two parts: power supply and electrical equipment.

Power supply includes: Accumulators and hair.

Motor; Electricity.

The equipment includes the starting system, ignition system and other electrical devices of the engine, including lighting, signals, instruments, air conditioning, audio, wipers, etc.

The first body group, the second two major institutions.

It is more complex, mainly composed of a valve mechanism and a crank connecting rod mechanism and the accessories that are driven.

The engine is a machine that converts the energy of a certain type into mechanical energy, and its function is to convert the chemical energy of liquid or gas combustion into heat energy after combustion, and then convert the heat energy into mechanical energy through expansion and output power. The engine is a complex machine composed of many structures and systems, and its structural types are varied, but because the basic working principle is the same, its basic structure is similar, and the overall structure of the engine is shown below.

Gasoline engine.

Diesel engine.

The gasoline engine is usually composed of five major systems: crank connecting rod, gas distribution and fuel supply, lubrication, cooling, ignition and starting. A diesel engine usually consists of two major mechanisms and four major systems (no ignition system).

Construction: 1 crank linkage. The crank connecting rod mechanism is composed of cylinder block, cylinder head, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft and flywheel. This is when the engine generates power and converts the linear reciprocating motion of the piston into a rotary motion of the crankshaft and outputs power to the outside.

2) Gas distribution mechanism. The valve train is composed of intake valves, exhaust valves, valve springs, tappets, camshafts and timing gears. Its function is to charge the fresh gas into the cylinder in time, and discharge the exhaust gas generated by combustion out of the cylinder in time.

3 Fuel supply system. Due to the different fuels used, it can be divided into gasoline engine fuel supply system and diesel engine fuel supply system.

Gasoline fuel supply system is divided into two types, oil tank type and fuel direct injection type, and the carburetor fuel supply system usually used is composed of fuel tank, gasoline pump, gasoline filter, carburetor, air filter, intake and exhaust manifold and exhaust muffler, etc., its function is to supply the combustible mixture that has been prepared to the cylinder, and control the amount of combustible mixture entering the cylinder, so as to adjust the power and speed of the engine output, and finally, the exhaust gas after combustion is discharged from the cylinder.