Bronze identification techniques, bronze identification methods

The basic methods of identification are comparative and comprehensive analysis. That is, the artifacts that need to be identified as counterfeits are compared with the genuine artifacts one by one in terms of copper and casting process, shape, ornamentation, and inscriptions, and the various conditions of the counterfeit artifacts are used as negative standards for investigation, and then the overall analysis is carried out by synthesizing all aspects of the artifact.

Specific identification methods:

1. The shape, ornamentation and inscription of the real artifact are consistent, while there are often contradictions between the various aspects of the pseudo artifact;

2. The rust color of the surface of the real artifact is naturally formed by long-term decay and corrosion, which is dense and metallic, and is connected with the body. The surface rust color of the pseudoware is generally made by the rapid decay and erosion method, which is characterized by being very thin and floating on the surface. The thick pseudo-rust is generally made of lacquer color, gray and dark, sluggish, neither metallic luster, nor layer, floating on the surface of the vessel, loose, easy to fall off;

3. The patterns and inscriptions of the real artifacts are natural and vivid, and the style is simple and vivid. The pseudo-device is rigid, soft and lifeless.

The identification of the authenticity of bronzes is a very complex issue, which requires comprehensive consideration of many factors. The following are some identification methods that may be useful: 1. Material identification:

Bronzes should be made of alloys such as copper, tin, lead, etc., with a certain hardness and sense of weight, and if the texture is light and loose to the touch, it may be an inferior imitation. 2. Shape identification: the shape of the bronze should have a simple and elegant style, if there is a pattern should be depicted clearly, if it is blurred and the details are not properly handled, it may be an imitation.

3. Character identification: If there is text on the bronze, the antiquity, stroke structure, depth of engraving, font style, etc. of the text should be judged. 4. Color identification:

The surface of the bronze should have a natural bronze color, if it is too bright or too dull, it may be the result of late painting or other processes. 5. Historical identification: The real historical background and age of the bronze should be consistent with the historical period, style, culture, etc.

In general, the authenticity of bronzes needs to consider many factors such as material, modeling, text, color, history, etc., and requires professional knowledge and experience.

Recently, Sanxingdui, Sichuan, a large number of ancient bronzes have been unearthed, the number is so large, the image is diverse, it is really rare. Sanxingdui culture has a history of about 5,000-3,000 years.

From the Stone Age, in order to facilitate transportation during labor, large stones were burned with fire and turned into small pieces, and at the same time, it was accidentally found that a liquid flowed out, and the ore in the stone was melted by fire. When the melted liquid cooled, the bronze flats were suspected.

The discovery and creation of the first in labor is the crystallization of the wisdom of the ancients. It's a summary of failures over and over again. It is a leap from simple to complex processes.

It is life that allows the mind to evolve, and with a soul full of innovation, in real life, all kinds of bronzes and works of art are needed for practice.

3,000 years ago, bronze ware, perhaps a food vessel for eating, a wine vessel, a military rental vessel for war, and a chime for listening to songs, all represented the highest level of productivity at that time, both in terms of shape and artistic decoration. And the creators who make these fine products are indeed slaves who are oppressed and exploited, and even have no personal freedom.

Bronze is the name given to it by later generations, and in ancient times, the items that had just been made were all glittering gold. After thousands of years of oxidation in the ground, the appearance of the green copper embroidery is called the bronze ware.

Think of the ancient dignitaries, the table is full of golden tableware, and the whole hall is so magnificent. Don't underestimate the bronze, cast into a big tripod, engraved with totems and inscriptions, it is a symbol of power, the legendary "winning the Central Plains" idiom allusion derived, engraved inscriptions let the history of the history of the cheating skin, the flow of centuries to understand. Ordinary people only have the right to work, and there is no reason to enjoy it.

The creation and use of bronze ware is an ancient craft that has come out of practice, and China is in the forefront among the four ancient civilizations. Let the bell be the invention and glory of musical instruments. One bell with two tones is a unique craft of chimes in the pre-Qin period of China, and it is also a practical truth accumulated over time.

Essay (Day 80).

There are mainly the following types of counterfeit bronzes:

1.Recasting method: This method is mainly based on the real artifact for high imitation, and then buried in the ground for aging.

Although the bronze is very realistic under this method, its material, texture, rust and so on can not be compared with the genuine product, especially the pseudo-cast bronze has not undergone long-term oxidation or corrosion underground, so the body is generally too heavy, and the authenticity can be identified by analyzing its weight.

2.Splicing method: bronzes are buried deep underground, perennial corrosion and damage will inevitably cause damage to some parts, forgers are often "grafting", splitting several different pieces of bronze, and then through the method of sticking, recreate a "complete" bronze, and then attach the soil, fake rust, confusing people's ears and eyes.

But after all, different bronzes have different craftsmanship and materials, and collectors can distinguish the authenticity through careful observation.

3.Fake rust camouflage method: In order to make the fake bronze patina look realistic, the forger uses glue, rosin, baijiu slurry, varnish and other gelatinous materials to mix various ore powders and pigments, and apply them to the bronze.

Or remove the rust from other bronzes, mix it with varnish or glue and apply it to the antique bronzes. In addition, there are also methods such as forging bronze inscriptions and ornaments, which require collectors to pay more attention.

How to identify rust and bronze.

One of the great features of bronze ware is its colorful patina, which is also a means that forgers try to counterfeit it. To this end, several tricks are proposed:

First, prick the patina with the tip of a needle, the patina is very hard and difficult to pierce, and those pseudo-rusts made of glue are not only easy to pierce, but the needle will be caught in the pseudo-rust after releasing the hand.

Second, take some patina samples and cauterize them with a high-temperature hot needle, the real patina is a naturally grown mineral crystal, which will neither melt nor burn easily at high temperatures, and will not have a sour taste or other peculiar smells.

Third, use a knife or other tools to take a piece of patina on the surface of the bronze ware, and observe the skin shell exposed under the patina, which is directly copper-colored under the pseudo-rust; The underside of the bronze rust is usually a black-brown or silvery-white oxide film.

Fourth, it is dyed with the surface of smoked bronze or pigments to form a black or red oxide layer on its surface, which is often dull. The protrusions of the counterfeit oxide layer are shiny, and the depressions are gray. If you use a dry hard cloth to rub the surface of the patina quickly, the pseudo-rust will emit a peculiar smell such as plastic smell and paint smell.

Fifth, the pseudo-rust is made of alum and borax, if it is soluble in water, the patina can be placed in hot water to view. You can also spray water on the patina to observe the hydrophilic degree of patina, the patina is hydrophilic, and those with paint, glue are less hydrophilic. Sixth, using a magnifying glass or microscope to observe the crystalline morphology and growth state of patina, you can find that the new patina is very different from the old patina.