The Tang and Song dynasties of China s legal history, the characteristics and historical influence o

1. The system of the Tang Dynasty followed the three provinces and six ministries of the Sui Dynasty, and the three provinces refer to the three central institutions of the ****, Zhongshu Province, Menxia Province and Shangshu Province.

2. Zhongshu Province inherits the emperor's order, drafts the edict, and submits it to the emperor for approval after being reviewed and refuted by the province, and the Shangshu province is responsible for implementing the emperor's edict and the various decrees approved by the emperor.

3, the governor of the three provinces collectively served as the prime minister, the powers of the three provinces are clearly divided, each has a division of labor, mutual restraint, Shangshu Province has six departments, that is, officials, households, rites, soldiers, Heng execution, work six ** administrative departments.

4. The appointment, examination and management of the officials in charge of the ministry, and the household registration and financial revenue management of the household department; The Ministry of Rites is in charge of sacrifices, etiquette, education, and imperial examinations, and the Ministry of War is in charge of the selection, examination, martial arts, and military administration of military attachés below the sixth grade, and the Criminal Department is in charge of the review of cases tried by Dali Temple and the case trial of hundreds of officials in Beijing, and the Ministry of Engineering is in charge of civil engineering, water conservancy projects, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, etc., and each of the six ministries has four divisions, which are in charge of relevant administrative affairs.

5. The establishment and improvement of the system of six ministries in three provinces shows that the feudal administrative system is maturing and formalizing, which has a great impact on later generations.

The first is "Deben Punishment".

The rulers of the early Tang Dynasty emphasized that morality was the foundation of governance, and punishment and repression were auxiliary means.

Therefore, the idea of "moral punishment" became an important basis for legislation at that time.

Second, the legislative requirements are simple, stable, and unified.

When the Tang Dynasty was founded, the legislative idea of leniency and simplicity was determined, and during the Zhenguan period, the old laws were deleted and simplified, and many provisions were made to change the heavy and light, and the stability and uniformity of the law were maintained.

Sanmin Dou Roll is strictly law-abiding and law enforcement.

In order to maintain the authority of the feudal legal system, the Tang Dynasty strictly implemented the original rules of law-abiding and law enforcement, so that internal and external officials were "more self-conscious" and law-abiding and law-enforcing the law better, ensuring the normal operation of the feudal state apparatus.

The historical status of Tang Law is mainly reflected in the important position of carrying forward the past and forging ahead into the future.

l) The Influence of Tang Law on Chinese Feudal Law Tang Law is a model of Chinese feudal law, and has an important position in the history of China's legal system.

The Tang Dynasty inherited the legislative achievements of the Qin and Han dynasties and absorbed the achievements of the Han and Jin dynasties, so that the Tang Dynasty showed a high degree of maturity.

Because of the typicality and representativeness of the feudal code, Tang Law had a profound impact on the laws of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.

2) Tang Law's Influence on East Asian Countries As a typical representative of the Chinese legal system, Tang Law's influence not only acts on its own country but also overloads national borders, and has a significant impact on Asia, especially East Asian countries.

For example, the contents of the chapters of the Korean Goryeo Law are all taken from the Tang Law, the Japanese Dabao Law is also based on the Tang Law, and most of the criminal books of the Li Taizun period in Vietnam are also used.

The last emperor of the Tang Dynasty, Tang Aizong was usurped by Zhu Wen to establish the Later Liang regime, but Zhu Wen became the emperor and did not want to unify the Central Plains, which led to the growth of other small forces one by one, and finally in the short decades between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty, the regime successively became the Later Liang, the Later Han, the Later Zhou, the Later Jin, and the Later Tang Dynasty, and there were more than a dozen small countries in the south, east, west, etc., such as the Southern Tang Dynasty presided over by Li Yu, the queen of the Southern Tang Dynasty.

This is the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, it was a very chaotic era, and later Zhao Kuangyin usurped Zhou Quan in Chenqiaoyi Huangpao to establish the Song Dynasty before the world gradually stabilized.

Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907 960) is the historical period from the fall of the Tang Dynasty to the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty. The five dynasties include the Later Liang, the Later Tang, the Later Jin, the Later Han and the Later Five Dynasties. In 907, Zhu Wen of Bianzhou usurped the Tang Dynasty and established the Later Liang, and the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms began.

Li Cun, the son of Li Keyong in Taiyuan, destroyed the Later Liang and the Tang Dynasty after the founding of the People's Republic of China. The Later Tang Dynasty was strong, but after civil strife, it was respected by Shi.

The Tang Dynasty implemented a system of three provinces and six ministries. The division of labor among the three provinces is clear: Zhongshu Province is in charge of the resolution and is responsible for drafting and issuing the emperor's edicts; The subordinate provincial head deliberates and is responsible for reviewing government decrees; Shangshu Province is responsible for the implementation of government decrees.

The governors of the three provinces are all prime ministers, and the prime minister's power is divided into three. The three provinces checked and supervised each other, ensuring the exclusive dignity of the monarchy, which was a major creation of the ancient Chinese political system. Shangshu Province has six departments: officials, households, rites, soldiers, criminals, and workers.

The Song Dynasty implemented the "two governments" system. Under the Zhongshu Gate is the highest administrative body, and the supreme governor exercises the power of the prime minister. The Privy Council is the highest military and political organ, and the chief is the privy envoy, whose status is slightly lower than that of the prime minister.

These two institutions are collectively known as the "two governments". The Governor was appointed as the Deputy Prime Minister to divide the administrative power of the Prime Minister: Three envoys were set up to manage the finances and divide the financial power of the Prime Minister.

In short, the ancient Chinese bureaucracy evolved with the power of the prime minister being continuously weakened (until it was abolished during the reign of Taizu of the Ming Dynasty) and the imperial power being continuously strengthened.