What are chemical organic pollutants 5

Chemical Pollutants : Generally refers to chemical substances that cause pollution when they enter the environment. Such as DDT, polychlorinated biphenyls, potassium dichromate, acrylonitrile and vinyl chloride.

Environmental pollution due to chemical substances (chemicals) entering the environment. That is, environmental pollution caused by chemical pollutants. These chemicals are organic and inorganic, and they are mostly products made by human activities or artificial creation, and there are also secondary pollutants.

According to the damage caused, chemical pollution is mainly divided into environmental hormonal damage, carcinogenic and teratogenic and mutagenic chemical damage, and toxic chemical sudden pollution damage.

According to environmental factors, it can be divided into: air pollutants, water pollutants and industrial pollutants.

According to the form of pollutants, they can be divided into: gaseous pollutants, liquid pollutants and solid pollutants;

According to the nature of pollutants, they can be divided into: chemical pollutants, physical pollutants and biological pollutants.

The main chemical pollutants are:

1.Elements: such as lead, cadmium, metalloids, etc. 2.Inorganics: oxides, carbon monoxide, hydrogen halides, halogen compounds, etc.

3.Organic compounds and hydrocarbons: alkanes, unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, PAH, etc.;

4.Organometallic and metalloid-organic compounds: e.g., tetraethyl lead, diphenyl chromium, dimethylarsonic acid, etc.;

5.Oxygenated organic compounds: such as ethylene oxide, ether, aldehyde, organic acids, anhydrides, phenols, etc.;

6.Nitrogen-containing organic compounds: amines, eyeballs, nitrobenzene, trinitrotoluene, nitrosamines, etc.;

7.Organohalides: carbon tetrachloride, polychlorinated biphenyls, chlorinated dioxane;

8.Organic sulfides: mercaptans, dimethyl sulfone, dimethyl sulfate, etc.;

9.Organophosphorus compounds: phosphate compounds, organophosphorus pesticides, organophosphorus military toxic gases, etc.

Chemical contamination includes a variety of hazardous metals, non-metals, organic compounds, and inorganic compounds.

1 Pesticide contamination.

Common pesticides include fumigants, insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, etc., which are contaminated or have certain residues in food if they are used improperly or excessively.

2. Industrial waste pollution.

The wastewater, waste gas, and waste residue (commonly known as the "three wastes") discharged from industrial production contain various toxic and harmful substances, which can pollute aquatic organisms, crops, pastures, etc., and then pollute various foods.

3 Contamination of packaging materials.

Harmful substances in containers, instruments, packaging materials and means of transport that do not meet hygienic requirements contaminate the food when they come into contact with it.

4 Contamination of additives.

In order to achieve a certain processing purpose, food additives are consciously added to food, if the food additives themselves do not meet the hygiene requirements, or contain harmful impurities, they can cause food contamination.

The types of chemical pollutants can be divided into inorganic chemical industry and organic chemical industry pollution according to the nature of the pollutants; According to the form of pollutants, it can be divided into waste gas, waste water and waste residue. In general, chemical pollutants are produced during the production process, but the causes of their occurrence and the ways to enter the environment are varied. These include:

1) Waste produced by incomplete chemical reactions; （2）；(3) Exhaust gas generated during combustion; (4) Cooling water; (5) Leakage of equipment and pipelines; (6) Other wastes discharged from chemical production, etc. To sum up, the main ** of chemical pollutants can be roughly divided into the following two aspects.

Environmental pollution includes air pollution; water pollution; noise pollution; radiation contamination; pesticide contamination; solid waste pollution; Soil pollution; thermal pollution, etc. If the perpetrator violates the provisions of the National Pure Changjia by discharging, dumping, or disposing of radioactive wastes, wastes containing infectious disease pathogens, toxic substances, or other harmful substances, and seriously pollutes the environment, it will constitute the crime of polluting the environment and shall bear criminal responsibility.

Definition of organic contaminants.

It can be divided into two categories: natural organic pollutants and synthetic organic pollutants. The former is mainly produced by the metabolic activities of organisms and other biochemical processes; Such as terpenes, aflatoxin, ethyl carbamate, ergot, asaroxin, artemisia brain, safrole, etc. The latter arose with the rise of the modern synthetic chemical industry; Such as plastics, synthetic fibers, synthetic rubber, detergents, dyes, volume, coatings, pesticide formulation, food additives, drugs, etc., the organic matter in the atmosphere is gaseous, and some form aerosols or adsorb on particulate matter.

Some hydrocarbons and olefins can react with oxidants and free radicals under sunlight to form secondary pollutants such as peroxyacetyl nitrate (photochemical oxidant), aldehydes and ketones. Many organic matter in soil and water bodies can be biodegraded, such as petroleum alkanes, which can be degraded by microorganisms to produce methane, and can be further oxidized to produce carbon dioxide and water. Microorganisms play a large role in the degradation of pesticides and detergents.

Such as DDT, diuron, etc. It is also important to decompose pesticides through abiotic chemical reactions, such as chlorinated triazine pesticides, which can obtain carbon dioxide and water, the decomposition products, through soil adsorption catalysis and chain culture hydrolysis, which eliminates pollution. However, polymer polymers are not easy to oxidize, photolyzed, and are difficult to be degraded by microorganisms, and can remain in the environment for a long time.

Many organic pollutants are teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogens, and some are transformed into more harmful and toxic secondary pollutants by chemical reactions in the environment. For example, safrole and aflatoxin B1 react with oxidants to produce epoxy safrole and epoxy aflatoxin B1, which have stronger carcinogenic activity.

It can be divided into two categories: natural organic pollutants and synthetic organic pollutants. The former is mainly produced by the metabolic activities of organisms and other biochemical processes; Such as terpenes, aflatoxin, ethyl ammonia, ergot, asarum fungus, artemisia brain, safrole, etc. The latter arose with the rise of the modern synthetic chemical industry; Such as plastics, synthetic fibers, synthetic rubber, detergents, dyes, volumes, coatings, pesticides, food additives, medicines, etc., the organic matter of the limbs in the atmosphere is gaseous, and some form aerosols or adsorb on particulate matter.