What are the main organic pollutants in domestic sewage

Organic pollutants in wastewater include phenols, aldehydes, sugars, polysaccharides, proteins and oils, etc., which are abundant in many industrial wastewaters.

There are mainly the following categories of organic toxic pollutants:

1) Organic pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls.

Organic pesticides can be divided into organophosphorus pesticides and organochlorine pesticides. Although organophosphorus pesticides are highly toxic, they are generally easy to degrade and accumulate poorly, so they are harmful to the ecosystem.

The effects are not significant; The vast majority of organochlorine pesticides are highly toxic, almost non-degradable, and have a very high accumulation, which has a significant impact on the ecosystem. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a general term for a mixture of isomers formed by the substitution of some or all of the hydrogen in a biphenyl molecule with chlorine.

2) Carcinogens. Carcinogens are broadly divided into three categories: fused cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzopyrene.

Wait; Heterocyclic compounds, such as aflatoxin.

Wait; Aromatic amines, such as alpha, ethylaniline, benzidine, etc.

3) General organic matter. For example, there are thousands of phenolic compounds, the simplest is phenol, which is highly toxic substances; Nitrile compounds are also toxic, among which acrylonitrile.

The environmental impact is the most visible.

4) Petroleum pollutants. Petroleum is an alkane.

The mixture of olefins and aromatic hydrocarbons is harmful when it enters the water body.

For the organic pollution in the wastewater, polyferric sulfate and other coagulants are used to remove the sediment

1.Pathogen pollution: domestic sewage, hospital sewage, livestock and poultry farm sewage, etc., often contain pathogens, such as viruses, germs and parasites.

If this type of sewage is not properly purified, it will pass through various channels and cause dysentery, typhoid, infectious hepatitis and schistosomiasis.

2.Aerobic pollutants: domestic water, paper and food industry effluents contain organic matter such as proteins, oils, carbohydrates, lignin, etc.

After such substances enter the water body with the sewage, in the process of microbial decomposition of them, the dissolved oxygen in the water body needs to be consumed, so that the oxygen content of the water body is reduced, thereby affecting the growth and reproduction of fish and other organisms. When the dissolved oxygen in the water is exhausted, the organic matter in the water will produce anaerobic digestion to produce methane, hydrogen sulfide, etc., which will make the water body smell and endanger the survival of aquatic organisms.

3.Plant nutrient pollutants: industrial sewage and domestic sewage such as papermaking, leather, food, oil refining, synthetic detergents, and farmland water with phosphate fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer contain nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

Most of these substances are red in color and are called "red tide creatures".The proliferation of red tide organisms can cover the surface of the water and attach to the ribs of squids, making it difficult for them to breathe. Dead red tide organisms are broken down by microorganisms, consuming dissolved oxygen from the water.

Some red tide organisms and their substitutes contain biotoxins, which often cause fish and shellfish poisoning and death, and can pass through the food chain and endanger human health.

4.Petroleum pollutants: Mostly occur in the ocean, mainly from accident spills from oil tankers, subsea oil production, ballast water from oil tankers, and wastewater from onshore refineries and biochemical plants.

5.Highly toxic pollutants: mainly heavy metals, cyanide, fluoride and difficult to decompose organic pollutants, most of them come from mines, smelting wastewater, they are enriched in living organisms, through the food chain, endangering human health.

In addition, there is also radioactive contamination of water bodies, which is caused by radioactive materials entering water bodies. Salt pollution, various acid, alkali and salt inorganic compounds enter the water body, which increases the salt content of fresh water and affects the water quality. Thermal pollution, cooling water from power stations, etc. is the main source of thermal pollution, and a large amount of hot water is discharged into the water body, which increases the water temperature and reduces the dissolved oxygen in the water body, affecting the survival and reproduction of fish.

Domestic pollution sources refer to sewage generated by human consumption activities, and cities and densely populated residential areas are the main sources of domestic pollution. Sewage generated in people's daily lives includes sewage and sewage discharged from kitchens, bathrooms, toilets, etc. The pollutants in domestic sewage can be divided into the following according to their form:

1) Insoluble substances. This part accounts for about 40% of the total amount of pollutants, and they are either deposited to the bottom of the water? or suspended in water.

2) Colloidal substances. It accounts for about 10 of the total amount of pollutants. (3) Dissolved matter.

It accounts for about 50% of the total amount of pollutants. Most of these substances are non-toxic, containing inorganic salts such as chloride, sulfate, phosphoric acid and bicarbonate such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Organic substances include cellulose, starch, sugars, fats, proteins, and urea.

In addition, it also contains a variety of trace metals and various detergents, a variety of microorganisms.

Human life and production activities are inseparable from water, the water taken from nature is polluted due to the mixing of various pollutants, changing the original physical, chemical or biological composition and nature of natural water, and even losing its use value, so it is discarded and discharged, and this kind of water that is discarded and discharged is called sewage.

Sewage can be divided into two categories: domestic sewage and industrial sewage. Domestic sewage refers to the sewage discharged in the process of people's daily life, mainly including fecal water, bathing water, washing water and catering water; Industrial wastewater refers to the sewage discharged from industrial production. In addition, the sewage discharged from cities and towns is called municipal sewage, which includes domestic sewage and industrial sewage.

According to the main components in sewage, it can be divided into organic sewage, inorganic sewage and comprehensive sewage. Organic sewage refers to the pollutants in sewage are mainly organic substances, which are generally biodegradable; Inorganic sewage is generally dominated by inorganic pollutants; Comprehensive wastewater refers to the presence of both organic and inorganic pollutants in the sewage, and the content of both is very high.

If a certain component in sewage is more toxic in pollutants, it is often named after that component, such as phenol-containing sewage, cyanide-containing sewage, mercury-containing sewage, etc.

In addition, it can be named according to the industrial sector or production process that produces the wastewater. For example, papermaking sewage, chemical sewage, printing and dyeing sewage, pesticide sewage, cooling sewage, etc.

The sources of domestic sewage pollution include: organic pollutants: mainly containing proteins, fats, and sugars. Organic pollutants account for about 60% of domestic sewage.

Inorganic pollutants, mainly including sediment, cinder, debris, etc. Inorganic pollutants account for about 40% of domestic sewage. Bacterial contaminants include: intestinal bacteria. mold, yeast, etc. In addition to this, there are a large number of parasitic eggs.

In order to solve this problem, people are trying to cultivate nitrogen-fixing strains that can grow in sewage to increase the nitrogen content in the water

In addition, actinomycetes can decompose many complex organic compounds such as phenols, pyridines, glycerols, steroids, aromatics, paraffins, etc., so they are also a promising strain that can be used for sewage treatment.

Now, people are trying to combine the purification of sewage with the process of reusing resources, so as to achieve the goal of killing two birds with one stone. For example, yeast is used to treat effluents discharged from the food industry while producing alcohol; Trichoderma viridis is used to treat cellulose produced in the food and forestry sectors, and polysaccharides are produced at the same time.

Mainly nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants.

The main pollutants of domestic sewage include organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, etc. Among them, organic matter is the most important pollutant, accounting for more than 60% of the total.

Domestic sewage is an important source of pollution in the process of urbanization, which contains a large amount of pollutants such as organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen. Organic matter is the most important pollutant in domestic sewage, accounting for more than 60% of the total, including protein, fat, carbohydrates, etc. Organic matter is easily decomposed in water, leading to eutrophication and hypoxia of water bodies, posing a threat to aquatic life.

Ammonia nitrogen is also an important pollutant in domestic wastewater, which comes from the decomposition of organic waste such as feces and urine, as well as artificial pollutants such as household cleaning products and detergents. High concentrations of ammonia nitrogen can lead to problems such as acidification and eutrophication of water bodies. Total phosphorus and total nitrogen are also important pollutants in domestic wastewater, which come from household wastewater, agricultural pollution, and industrial discharge.

High concentrations of total phosphorus and total nitrogen can lead to eutrophication of water bodies and algae blooms, causing harm to aquatic life.

What are the dangers of these pollutants in domestic sewage to the environment? Pollutants such as organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen in domestic sewage will lead to eutrophication, hypoxia, acidification, poisoning and other problems in water bodies, causing harm to aquatic organisms. Eutrophication of water bodies can cause algae to overgrow, depleting oxygen in the water and making it difficult for other organisms to survive in the water.

Hypoxia and acidification of water bodies can lead to the death of aquatic organisms and imbalance of ecosystems. In addition, domestic sewage contains various pathogens and harmful substances, which also pose a potential threat to human health.

There are many kinds of pollutants in domestic sewage, among which organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and total nitrogen are the most important pollutants. These pollutants will cause harm to the water environment and ecosystems, and pollution prevention and control should be strengthened. Relevant laws and regulations also clarify the restrictions and prohibitions on the discharge of water pollution, which must be strictly observed and enforced.

Legal basis]:

Article 26 of the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People's Republic of China prohibits the direct or indirect discharge of other pollutants that meet the requirements of the environmental protection department of the People's Republic of China into surface water bodies and other water source areas.

Summary. Hello dear, the main forms of organic matter in wastewater are as follows:1

Suspended solids: organic matter suspended on the surface of sewage, mainly plant debris, microorganisms, organic particles, etc.; 2.Dissolutes:

The organic matter dissolved in water mainly includes various organic compounds, such as sugars, lipids, amino acids, etc.; 3.Water-soluble organic acids and derivatives: mainly refer to various carboxylic acids and salts, aldehydes, alcohols, cyanates, etc.; 4.

Organic nitrogen: mainly refers to urea, ammonia, nitrite, etc.; 5.Isotope Indicator Organics:

Refers to an organic molecule containing alkanes or other organic carbons linked to two or more 14C or 13C carbon isotope building blocks; 6.Organic gaseous pollutants: gaseous pollutants, mainly methane, formaldehyde, VOCs (volatile organic compounds), vinyl chloride, etc.

Hello dear, the main forms of organic matter in the water of waste socks are as follows:1Suspended solids stool transport:

Organic matter suspended on the surface of sewage, mainly plant debris, microorganisms, organic particles, etc.; 2.Dissolved matter: organic matter dissolved in water, mainly various organic compounds, such as sugars, lipids, amino acids, etc.; 3.

Water-soluble organic acids and derivatives: mainly refer to various carboxylic acids and salts, aldehydes, alcohols, cyanates, etc.; 4.Organic Nitrogen Substances:

It mainly refers to urea, ammonia, nitrite, etc.; 5.Isotope indicator coarse organic: refers to an organic molecule containing alkanes or other organic carbons linked to two or more 14C or 13C carbon isotope building blocks; 6.

Organic gaseous pollutants: gaseous pollutants, mainly methane, formaldehyde, VOCs (volatile organic compounds), vinyl chloride, etc.

Organic wastewater is the wastewater that mainly slows down the withering and stagnant potato organic pollutants, and the organic wastewater is easy to cause eutrophication of water quality, which is relatively harmful. Organic wastewater generally refers to wastewater discharged from industries such as papermaking, leather and food products above 2000mg l.

1.Solid contaminants.

Solid contaminants include suspended solids, colloidal impurities, dissolved impurities, etc. It will cause the appearance of the water body to deteriorate, increase the turbidity, and change the color of the water.

2.Organic contaminants.

Organic pollutants mainly include biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total oxygen demand, total organic carbon, etc. The content of organic pollutants discharged into the water body is high, which will dissipate a large amount of dissolved oxygen in the water, and then the organic pollutants will turn into an anaerobic state, producing reducing gases such as H s and methane, which will cause a large number of dead plants in the water, and can make the water body black and muddy, and produce a foul smell.

3.Oil contaminants.

Oil contaminants include petroleum and animal and vegetable oils.

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<> organic matter in domestic sewage can be removed by the following methods:1Biochem Treatment:

Biological treatment is a way of using microorganisms to break down contaminants into harmless substances. Common biochemical treatment methods include activated sludge method, anaerobic digestion method, oxidation ditch, etc. 2.

Physical treatment: Physical treatment of excavation and collapse is to remove pollutants from water by filtration, sedimentation, membrane separation, etc. Common physical treatment methods include precipitation, filtration, ion exchange, ultrafiltration, etc.

3.Chemical treatment: Chemical treatment is the use of chemical agents to accelerate the decomposition and removal of pollutants on the basis of biochemical or physical treatment.

Common chemical treatment methods include coagulation, oxidation, reduction, etc. 4.Other methods:

There are also some other methods that can remove organic matter from domestic sewage, such as electrochemical oxidation, ultraviolet radiation, ozone oxidation, etc. These methods can be used individually or in combination, and depending on the wastewater treatment process, different levels of organic matter can be removed.