Types of blood cells and their classification, what types of cells are there

The most clinically valuable is the classification of white blood cells:

Leukocytes are colorless and spherical, have a nucleus, are larger in volume than erythrocytes, and are between 7 and 20 m in diameter. Normal human white blood cell counts are in the range of 4000 to 10000 mm3, with an average of 7000 mm3. The leukocytes in the blood smear can be divided into two categories and five types of cells according to their morphological differences and the presence or absence of unique granules in the cytoplasm after staining with composite dyes.

Granulocytes These white blood cells contain specially colored granules in their cytoplasm. The coloring properties of the granules are different, and they can be divided into neutrophils; eosinophils; Basophils. It should be noted that this division does not indicate the acidity or alkalinity of the cell itself or its phagocytic object.

Agranulocytes can be further divided into monocytes and lymphocytes.

The percentage of each of these five cells is called the white blood cell differential. The differential count of various white blood cells in adults is: neutrophils 60 70%, eosinophils 1 4%, basophils, monocytes 3% 8%, lymphocytes 20% 30%.

The role of white blood cells:

The defense and protection of each type of white blood cell varies. Neutrophils have the ability to metamorphosis and phagocytosis, and are the body's most important defense system against invading germs, especially acute pyogenic bacteria. When the number of neutrophils decreases significantly, the chance of infection increases significantly.

Eosinophils have coarse eosinophilic granules containing peroxidase and acid phosphatase. Eosinophils are chemotaxis, can engulf the protoplasma complex, reduce their damage to the body, and can fight the effects of inflammatory factors such as histamine. Basophils contain basophils that contain bioactive substances such as histamine, heparin, and serotonin, which are released when antigens and antibodies react.

Monocytes are the largest blood cells in the blood. It is thought to be the precursor to macrophages, with a pronounced deformation movement that engulfs and removes injured, senescent cells and their debris. Monocytes are also involved in the immune response, which induces a specific avoidance response by transferring the antigen to lymphocytes after phagocytosis of the antigen.

Monocytes are also the main cellular defense system against intracellular pathogenic bacteria and parasites, and also have the ability to recognize and kill tumor cells. Lymphocytes are cells with specific immune functions. T lymphocytes are mainly involved in cellular immune responses, while B lymphocytes are involved in humoral immune responses.

The large classification of blood cells is divided into red blood cells and white blood cells. Leukocytes are further divided into eosinophils, basophils, neutral lobulated nuclei, neutral rod nucleus, monocytes, and lymphocytes.

There are three types of cells: eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells, and ancient karyotic cells. Eukaryotic cells refer to cells that contain eukaryotes (nuclei surrounded by a nuclear membrane).

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nuclear membrane, and the genetic material is concentrated in a region of low electron density with no clear boundaries, called nucleoid. The main characteristics of the cells that make up prokaryotes are that they do not have a visible nucleus, and at the same time, they do not have a nuclear membrane and nucleolus, only nucleoids, and have a low evolutionary status. Ancient karyotic cells, also known as archaea, are a very special class of bacteria that live in extreme ecological environments.

In addition, it has characteristics that are different from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Human cells are divided into four main types: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nerve tissue.

1. Epithelial tissue, also known as epithelium, is an important structure that is lined or covered on other tissues. It is composed of dense epithelial cells and a small amount of interstitium. The structure is characterized by tight cell binding and little interstitium.

It usually has the functions of protection, absorption, secretion, and excretion. Epithelial tissue can be divided into two categories: overlying epithelium and glandular epithelium. Epithelial tissue is the largest tissue in the human body.

2. Connective tissue is composed of cells and a large number of intercellular fluids, which include matrix, filamentous fibers and interstitial fluid, which are of great functional significance. The cells are scattered within the interstitium of the cells and have no polarity in distribution. Connective tissue in a broad sense, including liquid blood, lymph, soft intrinsic connective tissue, and stronger cartilage and bone.

3. Muscle tissue is the basic tissue of animals composed of specially differentiated muscle cells. There is a small amount of connective tissue between muscle cells, capillaries and nerve fibers. Muscle cells are elongated in shape, so they are also called muscle fibers. The cell membrane of muscle cells is called the sarcoplasm, and its cytoplasm is called sarcoplasm.

4. Nervous tissue: The basic tissue of an animal composed of specially differentiated muscle cells. There is a small amount of connective tissue between muscle cells, capillaries and nerve fibers. Muscle cells are elongated in shape, so they are also called muscle fibers. The cell membrane of muscle cells is called the sarcoplasm, and its cytoplasm is called sarcoplasm.

The types of cells are divided into, eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells, and eukaryotic cells include plant cells, animal cells, and fungal cells. Prokaryotic cells are bacteria, cyanobacteria, etc.

Blood cells, also known as "blood cells", are cells that exist in the blood and can travel throughout the body with the flow of blood. In mammals, blood cells consist of three main components:

Red blood cells: their main function is to transport oxygen.

White blood cells: play a major role in immunity.

Platelets: play an important role in the process of hemostasis.

Blood cells make up about 45% of the volume of blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Under normal physiological conditions, blood cells and platelets have a fixed morphological structure and a relatively stable number.

According to whether there are special granules in the cytoplasm of leukocytes, they can be divided into granulocytes and agranulocytes. According to the chromophilia of the granules, granulocytes are divided into neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils. There are two types of agranulocytes: monocytes and lymphocytes.

1. Human blood types are type A, type B and type O, Rh negative, and Rh positive. Among the people of all ethnic groups in China, blood type A, B and O blood types account for about 30% each, and AB type only accounts for about 10%. Rh-positive blood types account for about 99% of people, and only about 1% of people are Rh-negative.

2. ABO blood group is divided into 4 blood types according to the presence of antigen A and antigen B on the red blood cell membrane. Only antigen A is type A on red blood cells, only antigen B is type B, and if there is both A and B antibodies, the principle is AB, and those without both antigens are type O.

3. Human red blood cells with the same antigen as rhesus macaques are called rh-positive blood type, and those that do not contain this anti-principle are called rh-negative blood type. The Rh blood group system is the most complex type of red blood cells, and more than 40 kinds of Rh antigens have been discovered, among which the D antigen is the most antigenic, so it is common to call the red blood cells containing D antigen as Rh positive, and the lack of D antigen on red blood cells is called Rh negative.