What is the definition of bioelectric phenomena in cells? Classify? Manifestation? Principle?

Answer]:cSince the resting potential is usually negative, the amplitude of the action potential is equal to the sum of the absolute value of the Bihong and the overshot value of the resting potential.

Physiologists have been studying the action potentials of neuromuscular specimens for more than 100 years, and the study of bioelectricity dates back much further. Around 300 BC, Aristotle observed that electric rays first applied shocks to aquatic animals to paralyze them when hunting. It was not until the discovery of the basic laws of electricity in the 18th century that the nature of animal discharge was gradually recognized.

One day in 1758, the great British scientist Cavendish was alone in his study, and he picked up a book and flipped through it. By chance, he came across a book about the science and culture of ancient Rome, which recorded the popular method of curing diseases with large black fish more than 2,000 years ago. The book says that when a large black fish touches a patient's leg, the patient will feel numb.

Cavendish became intrigued by this strange phenomenon.

In the early 18th century, with the invention of electric motors and batteries, people already knew about electricity. Cavendish knows that when the human body is connected, it will cause a tingling sensation. At this time, a thought quickly flashed in his heart: Could it be that this big black fish has electricity on it?

The sudden idea of a laboratory to dissect frogs excited Cavendish to test his idea. He managed to get his hands on the big black fish and bury it in the damp sand. Then, he attached a Leyden bottle to the fish, and sure enough, the Leyden bottle sparked!

In this way, Cavendish was the first to prove the existence of bioelectricity in a scientific way.

In all fairness. In 1786, the Italian scientist Galvani discovered when dissecting a frog that when the steel knife touched the copper hook and muscle, at that moment, the frog's leg between two different pieces of metal bounced and trembled a little.

This fortuitous phenomenon aroused great interest in Galvani, who has since studied it in detail. Galvani was reminded of the storage battery in the laboratory, and when the power was turned on, the metal pieces in the bottle also vibrated in the same way. Therefore, he guessed, the muscles and nerves in the frog's legs must also contain electricity.

He believed that this electricity was generated in biological tissues. In 1791, Galvani officially called this phenomenon bioelectricity.

In 1792, Volta succeeded in repeating Galvani's experiment, but he did not approve of Galvani's explanation. He argues that the power source in Galvani's experiment is not the neuromuscular tissue, but the current generated by the circuit itself, which is made up of two metals. Volta's objections prompted Galvani to experiment more rigorously.

In the afternoon of 1794, Galvani and his nephew connected a frog muscle directly to a connected nerve, causing muscle contraction, and in this experiment, without the use of metal, it became a new evidence that animal electricity did exist in animals, thus laying the foundation for the establishment of a new discipline called bioelectrochemistry.