The study of what hydrodynamics involves

a) Thickness distribution and heterogeneity of the carrier layer.

The nature and distribution of the carrying layer are the main factors that determine the flow capacity of regional compacted water. The thickness and permeability of the carrying layer determine the water conduction derivative, that is, the seepage capacity, and the permeability depends on the porosity distribution of the reservoir, so the water conductivity is larger and the water head is lower in the reservoir development part, and the water conductivity is relatively low and the water head is higher in other areas, resulting in the difference in paleohydrodynamic forces in the middle and upper sub-members of Shasan (Fig. -20).

2) The tectonic morphology of the top surface of the carrier layer.

Another important factor that determines the distribution of paleoheads is the tectonic morphology of the top surface of the main carrying layer (main sandstone). Taking the Shasan Middle Asian Member as an example, the main sandstone is buried at a large depth in the Lijin, Niuzhuang and Boxing depressions, with a top surface of 3200m, 3000m and 2800m respectively (Figs. 7-6), and their elevations relative to the datum are relatively small, 200m, 400m and 600m, respectively. According to the equation (, although the compaction head of Wangba in the center of each depression is larger, the total head is relatively low, which leads to the occurrence of obvious high total head in the area where the compaction head is large and the reference plane is higher, thus forming a regional hydrodynamic field pointing from the northeast to the northwest and west.

3) The tectonic pattern of the Kei-shaped sag determines the hydrodynamic conditions.

The asymmetrical tectonic pattern of the Kei-shaped sag is an important condition affecting the regional distribution of hydrodynamic fields. In this area, the Shengbei fault on the northern margin of the sag controls the sedimentation on the steep side of the fault basin, which also determines the regional distribution of high compaction head, which is also an important control condition for the distribution of regional hydrodynamic field.

Figure 7-17 Compaction head contour diagram of the upper sub-member of Sha 3 at the end of Sha 2 (unit: m).

Figure 7-18 Contour diagram of compaction head in the upper sub-section of Shasan (unit: m).

Fig. 7-19 Contour diagram of paleowater conductivity of the middle sub-member of the Shasan Member at the end of the late Sha3 Member, unit: 108 m2 mA

Figure 7-20 Contour diagram of the water conductivity of the upper sub-member of Sha 3 at the end of the second period of Sha 2 (unit: 108 m2 mA).

The difference of hydrodynamic conditions affects the hydrochemical characteristics, and the hydrodynamic force is mainly controlled by the difference of potential energy, and is also related to the distance between the basin and the water supply and discharge areas. The same basin or depression area can generally be divided into three zones: first, the zone of strong alternating water, which is closely related to surface water, and most of them belong to NaSO4

or mgcl2

NaHCO3 can also be formed in this zone due to desulfurization

type of water. Second, the water alternates slowly, the strata in this zone are well closed, mostly belong to the reducing environment, are less affected by surface water, and the total salinity is relatively high, which belongs to NAHCO3

type of water, often associated with oil. Thirdly, the water alternate stagnation zone, which has better stratum closure, highly concentrated water, salinity can be as high as about 200g L, and the water chemical composition is stable, which is CaCl2

type water, which is beneficial to oil and gas preservation.

However, in areas where water is alternately active, oil and gas are washed and oxidized, and it is difficult to form oil and gas accumulation and preservation after accumulation.

(1) The basic concepts of porous media, seepage, basic laws, basic equations, solution conditions and mathematical models are the basic theories and key contents.

2) the movement of groundwater to the canal (divided into the stable movement of groundwater between the canals and the unstable movement of diving between the canals); The law of groundwater movement in the drainage and irrigation area (horizontal movement law).

3) the movement of groundwater to the well and the method of finding parameters, focusing on the stable and unstable movement of groundwater to the complete well; The law of groundwater movement in the well area is the law of vertical movement.

4) Movement of groundwater to incomplete wells and boundary wells.

5) Theory of groundwater movement in unsaturated zone (infiltration and submersible evaporation, etc.).

6) Hydrodynamic dispersion theory, which mainly includes the phenomenon and mechanism of hydrodynamic diffusion, as well as the study of convection-dispersion equation and its solution.

7) Some problems in groundwater movement (solute transport law in groundwater, water transport law in the gas-bearing zone, etc.) and laboratory methods.

At present, my personal opinion is that water conservancy and hydropower projects are better. Hydraulic machinery mainly focuses on metal structures, such as: various steel gates, trash racks, pressure steel pipes, etc., and power engineering focuses on hydraulic turbine units, hydro-generator sets, hydraulic turbines and their auxiliary equipment, as well as electrical primary equipment (transmission, transformation, electricity), secondary equipment (control, protection, automation), etc., these courses must be studied well.

It is also necessary to find out the major you are inclined to engage in after graduation, mechanics: you must learn hydraulics, fluid mechanics, material mechanics, metal technology, etc. well and lay a good foundation. Electrical:

Electrical engineering, electronics, especially electromagnetism, etc., now a lot of graduates are assigned to hydropower stations or design institutes and other units, I personally think, their professional foundation is not good, it is difficult to be competent for the assigned work in a short time, which is also many students complain about "Huai Cai does not meet". Analyze the reason: in the school, no one in the school knows the direction of graduation:

One of the reasons is that students neglect the basic courses of their majors and are a little unable to do their jobs after work.

As for wages, it's simple, what do you think of the power industry? Hehe.

The third one is higher. (It's all high if you learn it well!) ）

Selling baked cakes can earn more than 10,000 yuan a month, what is there to think about between these two? Choose what you like.

The major you are interested in is very important, choose according to your own preferences, and what major you learn is immeasurable.

Fluid dynamics is an applied science, and the research topics are all from production practice, which is closely related to engineering technology, and the main application fields are as follows: Hydraulic and hydropower engineering is one of the oldest engineering sciences. In flood control projects, it is necessary to determine the flood control reservoir capacity, flood discharge capacity, embankment crest elevation and other data; Flood forecasting requires knowing the laws of flood operation; Industrial development must prevent the pollution of rivers, and these problems can be solved by the study of open channel flows.

The aerated water flow discharged through the high dam has a large kinetic energy, which will cause erosion; The siltation of channels, estuaries and reservoirs in sandy rivers, which can affect navigation channels or render existing works useless, can be addressed through the study of sediment movements. When constructing hydroelectric power stations and pumping projects, it is necessary to study the output of hydraulic machinery, the conditions under which vibration occurs, and the changes in the characteristics during opening and closing, mainly to prevent or reduce cavitation erosion damage. These aspects are all part of the study of hydrodynamics.

Shipbuilding Engineering Due to the needs of shipbuilding technology, there was a certain understanding of ship mechanics in ancient times. The resistance encountered by the ship to move forward at a constant speed and accelerate forward, as well as the safety when sailing, are always the most important issues in shipbuilding engineering. The long-term research on propeller output, wave resistance, attachment mass, seaworthiness, etc., is aimed at solving these problems.

The innovation of shipbuilding technology, the emergence of hydrofoils and hovercraft (see hydrofoils, air cushions) have put forward higher requirements for hydrodynamics. The cavitation flow generated by hydrofoils and torpedoes running at high speed in the water, the gliding of pontoons on speedboats, racing boats, and seaplanes, the vibration of elastomers such as ships, gates, and pipelines, and the hydrodynamic noise generated by surface ships, submarines, and torpedoes are all important research topics in hydrodynamics. In modern times, submarines, torpedoes, anti-submarine missiles, etc. are closely related to hydrodynamic research.

the study of water elapsion caused by underwater launches; The study of torpedoes, anti-submarine missiles, the entry of instrument compartments and cockpits into the water of spacecraft to cause water collisions and water penetrations. Lubrication and hydraulic transmission in mechanical engineering, water-gas two-phase flow in nuclear power plant engineering, tidal currents in coastal engineering, and wave problems in offshore oil production engineering are all research topics of fluid dynamics.

The study of the laws of motion of water and other liquids and their interaction with boundaries, also known as hydrodynamics. Fluid dynamics and gas dynamics make up fluid dynamics. Humans have long studied the laws of water stillness and motion, and these laws can also be applied to other liquids and low-speed moving air.

Since the 20th century, with the development of aviation, aerospace, navigation, hydroenergy, oil production, medicine and other departments, marginal disciplines combined with fluid dynamics have continuously emerged and enriched the content of fluid dynamics. Methods of fluid dynamics research include field observations, experimental simulations, theoretical analyses and numerical calculations.