How many places in Chinese history have been designated as national capitals

Beijing, Nanjing, Xi'an, Luoyang, Chengdu, Anyang, Hangzhou, Kaifeng, Shenyang.

It is not only the political center of Qianque in different periods, but also a famous commercial center, with about 5 amounts, Chang'an, Luoyang, Kaifeng, Lin'an, and Dadu.

The capital of the Xia Dynasty (21st century BC to 16th century BC) was in Yangcheng, now Dengfengdong, Henan.

The capital of the Shang Dynasty (16th century BC to 11th century BC) was in Hao, north of present-day Shangqiu, Henan.

In the 14th century B.C., the Shang king Pangeng moved his capital to Yin, now Anyang, Henan.

The capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC to 771 BC) was in Haojing, now Xi'an, Shaanxi.

The capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (770 BC to 221 BC) was in Luoyi, present-day Luoyang, Henan.

The Eastern Zhou Dynasty was divided into two periods: the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

The capital of the Qin Dynasty (221 BC to 206 BC) was in Xianyang, northeast of present-day Xianyang, Shaanxi.

The capital of the Western Han Dynasty (206 B.C. to 23 A.D.) was in Chang'an, northwest of present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi.

The capital of the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220 AD) was in Luoyang, now east of Luoyang, Henan.

Three Kingdoms (220-280 AD) Wei's capital was in Luoyang, east of present-day Luoyang, Henan; The capital of Shu was in Chengdu, now Chengdu, Sichuan; The capital of Wu was in Jianye, present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu.

The capital of the Western Jin Dynasty (265-316 AD) was in Luoyang, now east of Luoyang, Henan.

The capital of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317-420 AD) was in Jiankang, present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu.

Southern and Northern Dynasties (420-589 AD) The capitals of the Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen dynasties experienced by the Southern Dynasties were all in Jiankang, now Nanjing, Jiangsu; The Northern Wei Dynasty of the Northern Dynasty built the capital of Pingcheng, now northeast of Datong, Shanxi.

In 493 AD, the capital was moved to Luoyang, now east of Luoyang, Henan; The capital of the Eastern Wei Dynasty was in Ye, southwest of present-day Linzhang, Hebei; The capital of the Western Wei Dynasty was in Chang'an, northwest of present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi; The capital of the Northern Qi Dynasty was in Ye, southwest of present-day Linzhang, Hebei; The capital of the Northern Zhou Dynasty was in Chang'an, northwest of present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi.

The capital of the Sui Dynasty (581-618 AD) was in Daxing, present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi.

The capital of the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD) was in Chang'an, present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi.

Five dynasties (907-960 AD) Liang, Han, and Zhou capitals in present-day Kaifeng, Henan; The capital of the Tang Dynasty was in present-day Luoyang, Henan.

The capital of the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127 AD) was in Tokyo, present-day Kaifeng, Henan.

The capital of the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279 AD) was in Lin'an, now Hangzhou, Zhejiang.

The capital of the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368 AD) was in Dadu, present-day Beijing.

The capital of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 AD) was in Yingtian, present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu.

The early capital of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) was in Shengjing, now Shenyang, Liaoning.

After the Qing army entered the customs in 1644, Emperor Shunzhi moved the capital to Beijing, now Beijing.

Count them yourself

The most famous are the seven ancient capitals of China: Xi'an, Luoyang, Kaifeng, Anyang, Nanjing, Beijing, and Hangzhou.

The other so-called capitals were actually warlords who were divided into forces during the troubled times, and they could find any city and make it their own capital, but they were not considered dynasties. Only the above seven count.

Beijing has a long history, and its history as a city dates back 3,000 years. Since the Qin and Han dynasties, the Beijing area has been an important town in northern China, and its names have been successively called Jicheng, Yandu, Yanjing, Dadu, Beiping, Shuntianfu and so on.

1 Pre-Qin to Qin and Han dynasties.

2 Two Jin to the Sui and Tang dynasties.

3 Liao Dynasty 4 Jin Dynasty.

5 Yuan Dynasty 6 Ming Dynasty.

7 Qing Dynasty 8 Modern Times.

Beijing, Nanjing, Xi'an, Luoyang, Kaifeng, Hangzhou, Anyang, Zhengzhou, Shenyang, Xuchang, Chengdu, Xianyang, etc.

Xi'an, Luoyang, Kaifeng, Nanjing, Chengdu, Beijing, Shenyang.

Xia: Yanshi West of Luoyang, Henan, Yangzhai (Yuzhou, Henan), Diqiu (southwest of Puyang, Henan), Xiayi (now east of Shangqiu, Henan), Anyi (northwest of Xia County, Shanxi), Yuan (northwest of Jiyuan, Henan), Laoqiu (northeast of Kaifeng, Henan), Xihe (southeast of Anyang, Henan).

Shang: Bo (Shangqiu, Henan), Xibo (Yanshixi, Luoyang, Henan), Huan (northwest of Zhengzhou, Henan), Xiang (Puyang North, Henan, Anyang Neihuangnan; One said that now Henan Anyang Huanshui North), Xi'an (Henan Luoyang Yanshi West), Xi (Shandong Qufu) Yin (Henan Anyang), Chaoge (Henan Qi County).

Western Zhou: Haojing (northwest of Chang'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi), Chengzhou (Luoyang, Henan), Inuqiu (southeast of Xingping, Xianyang, Shaanxi), Nanzheng (Huaxian County, Weinan, Shaanxi).

Eastern Zhou: Luoyi (Luoyang, Henan).

Qin: Xianyang (now northeast of Xianyang, Shaanxi).

Western Han Dynasty: Luoyang (east of Luoyang, Henan), Liyang (northeast of Lintong, Xi'an, Shaanxi), Chang'an (northwest of Xi'an, Shaanxi).

Eastern Han Dynasty: Luoyang (east of Luoyang, Henan), Chang'an (northwest of Xi'an, Shaanxi), Xuchang (Xuchang, Henan).

Three Kingdoms Period: [Wei] Xuchang (Xuchang, Henan), Luoyang (Luoyangdong, Henan) 221 A.D. - 265 A.D. [Shu] Chengdu (now Chengdu, Sichuan) [Wu] Jianye, Jianye (Nanjing, Jiangsu).

Western Jin Dynasty: Luoyang (east of Luoyang, Henan) Chang'an (northwest of Xi'an, Shaanxi).

Eastern Jin Dynasty: Jiankang (Nanjing, Jiangsu).

Sui: Daxing (Xi'an, Shaanxi), Luoyang (Luoyang, Henan).

Tang: Chang'an (Xi'an, Shaanxi), Luoyang (Luoyang, Henan), Luoyang (Luoyang, Henan).

Northern Song Dynasty: Tokyo (Kaifeng, Henan).

Southern Song Dynasty: Nanjing (Shangqiu, Henan), Lin'an (Hangzhou, Zhejiang).

Liao: Shangjing Linhuang Mansion (Inner Mongolia Bahrain Left Banner), Zhongjing Dading Mansion (southwest of Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia) 1007 A.D. - 1125 A.D.

Jin: Shangjing Huining Mansion (now southeast of Adong City, Heilongjiang), Zhongdu Daxing Mansion (now southwest of Beijing), Nanjing Kaifeng Mansion (now Kaifeng, Henan), Guide Mansion (now Shangqiu, Henan).

Yuan: Dadu (Yuan Jingshi, Beijing).

Ming: Nanjing (Nanjing, Jiangsu), Beijing (Beijing) 1420-1644 AD.

Qing: Xingjing (Xinbinxi, Liaoning), Liaoyang (Liaoyang, Liaoning), Shengjing (Shenyang, Liaoning), Beijing (Beijing).

Chinese culture originated in the Yellow River Valley, and China's dynasties descended from the Shang and Zhou dynasties to the Guanzhong Plain.

The Central Plains through which the Yellow River flows 2,000 years ago had abundant water, fertile land, lush trees, a suitable climate, and a wide variety of animals and plants, which were suitable for hunting and agricultural civilization (this can be seen from the fact that the birthplace of early human culture, such as Egypt in the lower reaches of the Nile and Babylon in the two river basins, were both located near the 25° north latitude line, and the monsoon climate was dominant). Therefore, the longest known Shang capital is Shangqiu and Anyang in Henan.

The Zhou Dynasty surnamed Ji moved to Zhou Yuan (now Qishanbei, Shaanxi) from the ancient father-in-law, and settled here for generations, and the Zhou Dynasty also set the capital Feng and Hao (now Xi'an, Xianyang). Since then, Chang'an has been selected as the national capital several times - Qin and Han dynasties, Western Jin Dynasty, Sui and Tang dynasties, etc., and is known as the "ancient capital of the Sixteen Dynasties".

By the 6th and 7th centuries AD, the land of the Central Plains was overdeveloped, and a large number of trees were cut down, resulting in soil erosion, ecological deterioration, frequent natural disasters, and political chaos at the end of the dynasty's reign (such as the Anshi Rebellion), so the capital of the Tang Dynasty was continuously moved between Chang'an and Luoyang for more than ten times until its demise in 907.

Luoyang follows the mantle of Chang'an, and also has the title of "thirteen generations of ancient capital, eight generations of accompanying capital".

The Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Wei, Northern Wei Dynasty, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Later Liang and Later Tang Dynasty established their capitals here; The Western Han Dynasty, the Eastern Wei Dynasty, the Later Jin Dynasty, the Later Han Dynasty, the Northern Song Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty, etc., took it as a companion capital. The political and economic center of China's feudal dynasties also moved eastward (Bianliang, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, was east of Luoyang).

Another place of political and cultural concentration is the Yangtze River Delta region in the south, centered on Suzhou, Hangzhou and Nanjing.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Quan first took Jianye as the capital, that is, Nanjing, and later the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Southern Song Dynasty, the Southern Song Dynasty, Liang Chen, the Southern Tang Dynasty, the Southern Song Dynasty, and the early Ming Dynasty all took it as the capital, and the name and district governance were also changed many times (Jinling, Moling, Jianye, Jiankang, Jiangning, etc.).

Wu Yue of the Five Dynasties and the late Southern Song Dynasty took Hangzhou as their capital.

From the Jin Yuan Dynasty to the Ming and Qing dynasties, the capital of Beijing has not been changed to this day.

To sum up, there are three areas with the highest concentration of capitals in Chinese history: the Guanzhong Plain Cultural Area before the seventh century AD, the Central Plains Cultural Area in the lower reaches of the Yellow River after the seventh century, and the Jiangnan Cultural Area in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

In addition, there are national capitals under the influence of different factors in individual historical periods, such as Harbin (Jin Dynasty Shangjing Huining Mansion), Shenyang (before the Manchu Qing Dynasty entered the customs) and so on.

Let's just talk about the big one. Qin-Xianyang, Western Han-Chang'an, Eastern Han-Luoyang, Western Jin-Luoyang, Sui-Tang-Chang'an, Northern Song-Kaifeng, Yuan-Ming-Qing-Beijing.