Seek detailed information about ancient ships and what types of ancient ships there are

During the Yuan and Ming dynasties, China's astronomical navigation technology has developed greatly, and it has been able to observe the height of the stars to determine the geographical latitude. This is the forerunner of ancient nautical astronomy in our country. This method was called "astrology" at the time. The tool of astrology is called a star-pulling board.

The star-pulling board is made of high-quality ebony. There are twelve square planks, the largest of which is about 24 centimeters long on each side, and the smallest one is about 2 centimeters long on each side. Another small square is made of ivory, and the four corners are notched, and the length of the four sides of the notch is a quarter of the length of the smallest piece above.

One, two.

One, three-quarters and one-eighth. For example, use the star-pulling board to observe the North Star, hold the center of one end of the board with your left hand, stretch your arm out, and look at the sky, the upper edge of the board is the North Star, and the lower edge is the horizontal line, so that you can measure the height of the North Star from the horizon of the location. Depending on the height, it can be replaced and adjusted with twelve wooden planks and four ivory blocks.

Once you have the altitude of the North Star, you can calculate the geographic latitude of the location.

Marco Polo of Italy in the Yuan Dynasty came to China by land, and returned by sea after a delay of more than 20 years in China. The sea route is to enter the Indian Ocean through the South China Sea and turn west. Marco Polo was returning on a Chinese ship piloted by a Chinese navigator.

In Marco Polo's travels, the situation of China's sea ships and navigation at that time was recorded. According to the travelogue, after the sea ship entered the Indian Ocean from the Strait of Malacca, there was a record of the height of the North Star, which shows that Chinese navigators had mastered the art of pulling stars at that time. Zheng He of the Ming Dynasty went to the "Western Ocean" seven times, and "went back and forth to draw the stars for memory".

It can be seen that the Chinese navigators who sailed in the Indian Ocean at that time were already very familiar with the art of astrology. In the Ming Dynasty, the North Star was generally pulled, but when the North Star was not visible at low latitudes (six degrees north latitude), the Huagai Star was changed to the Huagai Star (the North Star is the constellation A Ursa Minor, and the Huagai Star is the constellation Ursa Minor, the double star).

In the Ming Dynasty, the azimuth star was also determined for observation, and the azimuth angle and horizon height of the azimuth star were used to determine the position of the ship to sail at night. At that time, it was called stargazing, and stargazing was also within the scope of astrology.

In the Ming Dynasty, the voyage records of the astrological arts, such as the voyage from Guri (present-day Kozhikode on the west coast of India) to Zufar (present-day Dhofar in Oman on the east coast of the Arabian Peninsula), sailed in Guri to see the altitude of the North Star at 6 degrees and 24 minutes (equivalent to today's degrees, the same below). The boat traveled 900 kilometers to the northwest to Mangjiao Nuer (present-day Mangalore on the west coast of India) to see the altitude of the North Star at an octave. After the ship went west-northwest, sailed 1,500 kilometers, and in the middle of the sea, the altitude of the North Star was 10 degrees.

And the ship sailed a little north due west, and sailed 2,100 kilometers to Zufar, and saw that the altitude of the North Star was 12 degrees and 48 minutes. The altitude of the North Star was calculated by the algorithm at that time, and the geographical latitude is basically the same as that of various places now. From the point of view of the route, the course and distance are also about the same as the current dirty road.

It can be seen that the astronomical navigation technology of the Ming Dynasty was quite advanced.

Types of ancient ships: boats, boats, ships, building ships, flat boats, and barges. In front of the bridge.

1. Boat: water vessel;

2. Boat: earth and stone transport ship;

3. Shipwreck: an offensive speedboat with good protection in the ancient Chinese closed and eliminated source era;

4. Lou ship: It is a kind of large-scale warship invented by the ancient Yue people in the Baiyue area of ancient China;

5. Flat boat: It is used as a connection platform for getting on and off the ship, cargo transfer or cross-water ferry, etc.;

6. Barge: A rectangular flat-bottomed boat without a power unit, usually fixed on the shore, and originally only used as a floating dock for loading and unloading goods or for pedestrians to get on and off. Sedan.

The types of ships of the ancient closed dynasty: boats, boats, ships, building boats, flat boats, and barges.

1. Boat: water vessel;

2. Ship: earth and rock infiltration transport ship;

3. Ship: an offensive speedboat with good protection in ancient China;

4. Lou ship: It is a kind of large-scale warship invented by the ancient Yue people in the Baiyue area of ancient China;

5. Flat boat: It is used as a connection platform for getting on and off the ship, cargo transfer or cross-water ferry, etc.;

6. Barge: a rectangular flat-bottomed boat without a power device, usually fixed on the shore, originally only used as a floating dock, used for loading and unloading cargo clumps or for pedestrians to get on and off.

Ships have gone through four eras: the Raft Age, the Sailing Age, the Steam Engine Ship Age, and the Diesel Engine Ship Age.

Raft Age Canoe Raft Plank Boat Oars, Penny, and Oars The Age of Sailing Ships Mediterranean Galleons Northern and Western European Sailing Ships Flying Scissor Sailboats Chinese Sailing Ships The Age of Steam Engine Ships Early Steam Engine Ships Great Eastern Steam Engine Ship Perfection of Steam Engine Ships Steam Turbine Ships.

The advent of diesel engine ships, the emergence of oil tankers and bulk carriers, the rise of large ocean-going passenger ships, and the era of diesel engine ships were ruined. Large-scale ships, ship specialization, high-speed ships, ship automation, ship internal combustion engines.

Introduction of the ship: 1. The era of the steam engine ship, after the invention of the steam engine in the 18th century, many people tried to use the steam engine on the ship. In 1807, the American R

Fulton successfully sailed the Hudson River for the first time on the Clermont with a steam engine to drive a broadside paddle wheel. Since then, mechanical forces have begun to replace natural forces, and the development of ships has entered a new stage.

2. In the era of diesel engine ships, after the advent of diesel engine ships, the development was quickly cracked and bent, and gradually replaced steam engine ships. After the end of World War II, the rapid recovery and development of the economy of industrialized countries, the unprecedented prosperity of the international dry situation, and the massive development of oil in the Middle East and other places have promoted the rapid development of transport ships. <>

Rely on oars, anchors, and rudders.

By the Han Dynasty, China's shipbuilding technology was more advanced, and in addition to oars, there were also anchors and rudders on ships. The largest ship built during the period of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty has four floors, 45 feet high and 200 feet long, with the main hall, the inner hall, the east and west court halls on the upper floor, and 120 rooms on the middle second floor. During the Tang Dynasty, Li Gao invented the use of wheels instead of oars and oars to row cars and boats, and oars to row vehicles and boats.

By the Song Dynasty, compass needles were commonly used in ships, and water traps were invented to avoid sinking on the rocks. At the same time, large ships with 10 masts and 10 sails appeared.

In the 15th century, China's sailing ships became the world's largest, most robust, and most seaworthy ships. The progress of ancient China's seafaring and shipbuilding technology is in a leading position in the world.

In ancient times, ships were called boats, ships, ships, boats, boats, sampans, ships, boats, boats, etc., and there were many names. Ship, ship, refers to: the use of water buoyancy, relying on manpower, sails, engines (such as steam engines, gas turbines, diesel engines, nuclear power units) and other power, pulling, pushing, rowing, or pushing propellers, high-pressure nozzles, to enable the movement of transport on water.

In addition, civil ships are generally called ships (ancient names as boats), ships (boats), boats, military ships are called ships (ancient names are ships), boats, and small ships are called sampans, boats, rafts or boats, which are collectively called ships, ships or boats.

In ancient times, ships were called boats, or disturbing ships, ships, ships, boats, sampans, ships, boats, boats, etc., and there were many names. Ships, ships, refer to: all vehicles that use the buoyancy of water, rely on manpower, sails, engines (such as steam engines, gas turbines, diesel engines, nuclear power units) and other power to pull, pull, push, row, or push silver propellers and high-pressure nozzles, so that they can move on water.

In addition, civil ships are generally called ships (ancient names as boats), ships (boats), boats, military ships are called ships (ancient names are ships), boats, small boats are called sampans, boats, rafts or boats, which are collectively called ships, ships or boats.

Ancient Chinese warships refer to the first-class ships manufactured or modified for combat purposes in ancient China.

Generally, it can be divided into three types: large, medium and small.

The large ones are the main warships, called "ships" or "building ships", with 2, 3, 4, or even more than 4 decks.

Medium-sized are warships used for offensive pursuits, such as "Mengchong", "Xiandeng", etc.

The small ones are the envoy ships used for sentry patrols, such as "yachts", "red horse boats", etc.