Seeking the translation of the mean in the university, where does University and The Mean come f

"University" is from "Little Dai Li Ji", and "The Mean" is from "Li Ji".

1. University: "University" is an essay on the Confucian idea of self-cultivation and Qi family governance and peace in the world, which was originally the forty-second article of "Xiao Dai Li Ji", which is said to have been written by Zeng Zi in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and is actually a Confucian work in the Qin and Han dynasties, and is an important work in ancient China to discuss educational theory.

After the Northern Song Dynasty Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi tried their best to respect, Zhu Xi of the Southern Song Dynasty wrote the "University Chapters and Sentences", and finally called the "Four Books" together with "The Mean", "Analects" and "Mencius". After the Song and Yuan dynasties, Daxue became an official textbook for schools and a compulsory reading for the imperial examinations, which had a great impact on ancient Chinese education.

2. The Mean: The Mean is a moral and philosophical treatise on the realm of life cultivation in ancient China, which originally belonged to the thirty-first article of the Book of Rites, and is one of the Confucian classics, which is said to have been written by Zisi during the Warring States Period.

Its content affirms that "moderation" is the highest standard of moral behavior, regards "sincerity" as the ontology of the world, believes that "sincerity" reaches the highest state of life, and puts forward the learning process and understanding method of "erudition, interrogation, prudence, discernment, and practice".

From the Book of Rites, of course.

Originally, it was part of the "Book of Rites", but it was not until the Southern Song Dynasty that Zhu Xi extracted these two parts and became the first two parts of the "Four Books".

Translation: The purpose of the university is to promote the integrity of the moral character, to learn and apply it to life, so that people can achieve the most perfect state. Only by knowing the realm that should be achieved can we be determined; Only with firm ambition can we be calm and not impatient; Only by being calm and not impatient can you have peace of mind; Peace of mind is the only way to be able to think carefully; Thoughtfulness is the only way to make a difference.

Everything has a root and an end, and everything has a beginning and an end. If we understand this truth, we will approach the law of the development of things.

In ancient times, those who wanted to promote the integrity and virtue of the world must first govern their own country; If you want to govern your country well, you must first manage your own family and clan well; If you want to manage your family and clan well, you must first cultivate your own character.

If you want to cultivate your own character, you must first correct your mind; If you want to correct your mind, you must first make your mind sincere; If you want to make your thoughts sincere, you must first ** the principle of things.

Wisdom can be obtained through the principle of things. Only when you gain wisdom and ideas can you be sincere; Only when the mind is sincere can the mind be correct; Only after the mind is correct can we cultivate character; Only after cultivating character can we manage the family and clan well; Only when the family and clan are well managed can the country be governed; Only after the country is well governed can the world be peaceful. From the head of state to the common people, everyone must take the cultivation of character as the foundation.

If this root is disturbed, it is impossible for the family, the clan, the country, and the world to be governed well. It is equally impossible to put the cart before the horse and try to do things well, regardless of priorities.

Translation: The purpose of the university is to manifest the bright virtues of the people, so that they can be reformed and renewed, and the highest state of goodness can be attained.

Translation: Knowing the goal that should be achieved, then you can have a definite ambition: With a definite ambition, then you can be calm and patient

With a stable state of mind, then you can think carefully: with a thoughtful way of doing things, you can do things well, and Chang stupid lead can reach the highest state of perfection.

Translation: Everything has a beginning and an end, a beginning and an end. Knowing the order and law of things, the stall brigade is close to the avenue.

Translation: In ancient times, there were people who wanted to show virtue in the world, and they had to govern their own country first: if they wanted to govern their own country, they had to first put in good order their home

If you want to tidy up your home first, you must first strive to improve your moral cultivation: if you want to strive to improve your moral cultivation, you must correct your thinking, you must first make your mind honest: if you want to make your mind honest, you must first enrich your knowledge

The way to enrich knowledge lies in the principle and law of things.

Translation: **The principle of things, the law can get true knowledge: with a wealth of knowledge can the mind be honest:

Only with honest ideas can we correct our thoughts: only by correcting our thoughts can we improve our own moral cultivation: only by improving our moral cultivation can we rectify our home

Only by rectifying the family can we govern the country well, and only by governing the country well can we make the world peaceful.

Translation: From the Son of Heaven to the common people, self-cultivation must be the foundation.

Translation: The kind of person who shakes the foundation of self-cultivation and can rule the country and level the world with his family does not exist. There is no such reason that people who are close to themselves have a weak affection, but those who have a weak relationship with themselves have strong affection.

It means: to reach the realm of breadth and breadth and at the same time to go deep into the subtleties, to achieve extreme wisdom and at the same time follow the golden mean.

Source: "The Mean".

The Mean" Selection:

Great, the way of the saints! The ocean is full of development, and all things are extremely high in the sky. You're great! Three hundred ceremonies, three thousand prestige. Wait for others and then do it. Therefore, it is said: Gou is not virtuous, and the way is not condensed. Therefore, the gentleman respects virtue and learns.

To the vast and the subtle. Extremely clever and modest. Review the old and learn the new, and be generous and respectful.

It is not arrogant on the top of the former residence, and it is not double for the bottom; The country has a way, and its words are enough to prosper; There is no way in the country, and its acquiescence is enough to tolerate. "Poem" says: "Both clear and philosophical, in order to protect his body."

This is said to be with!

Zi said: "Foolish and good for self-use, cheap and good for self-dedicated, born in this world, against the ancient way: such a person, disaster and its body also." "If you are not the Son of Heaven, you don't discuss etiquette, you don't have a system, you don't study literature.

Get off the train today with the same track Lu Song, the book is the same text, and the line is the same. Although he has his place, he has no virtue and does not dare to be courteous; Although there is virtue. He has no place, and he does not dare to be polite.

Zi said: "I said Xia Li, but it is not enough. I learn Yin Li, there is Song Cunyan.

I learn the Zhou ceremony, and now I use it, and I follow the Zhou. ”

Translation: Great, the way of the saints. It is mighty, growing and developing all things, as high as the sky.

Sufficient and great, three hundred rituals, three thousand honors, waiting for the appearance of the saints before they can be carried out. Therefore, if we do not attain the highest level of morality, the highest level of the Tao will not succeed.

Therefore, a gentleman should respect virtue, be good at learning and inquisitive, reach a broad and broad realm and at the same time go deep into the subtleties, achieve extreme wisdom and follow the golden mean. Review what you have learned in the past to gain new understanding, and respect etiquette with a simple and honest attitude.

In this way, when you are in the upper position, you will not be proud, and when you are in the lower position, you will not carry the banquet and abandon it. When the country's politics is clear, strive to be accepted, and when the country's politics are dark, keep oneself by being silent. The phrase "both wise and intelligent, so as to preserve oneself" in the "Book of Songs" is what it means!

Confucius said: "If you are foolish but act only with subjective intentions, and if you are humble but you are arbitrary, and you live in the present age, you want to return to the ancient ways, and then disaster will befall you." "If you are not the Son of Heaven, you will not discuss the etiquette system, do not formulate a system, and do not evaluate the text.

Now the whole world is unified in ruts, unified in writing, and unified in ethical concepts. Although you have the status of the Son of Heaven, if you don't have the virtue of the Son of Heaven, don't make rituals and make music easily. Confucius said:

I explained the etiquette of Xia Xianghu, but the literature of Qiguo is not enough to verify it.

I studied the etiquette of the Yin Dynasty, and only the Song Kingdom maintained it. I studied the rituals of the Zhou Dynasty and am practicing it now, so I follow the rituals of the Zhou Dynasty. ”

Zhongyong Pinyin: [zhōng yōng].

The golden mean refers to the moral standards of Confucianism, which have been followed and respected by Confucian scholars throughout the ages. The mean, also known as the middle, the same as the ancient. It means to maintain neutrality and peace in dealing with people and things, and to adapt measures to time, things, events, and conditions, and the foundation of Confucianism's theory of the age of the year comes from human nature.

From "The Analects of Yongye": "The golden mean is virtue, and it is the most important." ”

He Yan explained: "Yong, often also, neutralization can be the way to do often." "The Mean" is one of the Confucian classics of the "Four Books", originally the thirty-first article of the "Book of Rites", the text was written between the end of the Warring States Period and the Western Han Dynasty, the exact author is still inconclusive, one is said to be written by Kong Ling (Zi Si's "The Mean"), and the other is said to be written by scholars of the Qin Dynasty or the Han Dynasty.

The Confucian scholars of the Song Dynasty admired the golden mean and drew it from the Book of Rites into an independent book, and Zhu Xi compiled it together with the Analects, Mencius, and Daxue into the Four Books.

The Mean is an essay on the cultivation of Confucian nature, originally the thirty-first article of the Book of Rites, which is said to have been written by Confucius's grandson Kong Ling (Zisi), and is a classic treatise on Confucianism. Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi of the Northern Song Dynasty strongly respected it, and Zhu Xi of the Southern Song Dynasty wrote "Notes on the Collection of the Mean", and "University Hu Fenghu", "Analects" and "Mencius" are called "Four Books".

After the Song and Yuan dynasties, the Confucian classics represented by the "Zhongyong" became the designated textbook of schools and the compulsory reading of the official imperial examination, which had a great impact on ancient Chinese education. The contents of "Five Paths", "Three Virtues", "Prudence and Sole Cultivation", and "Sincerity and Dedication" put forward in "The Mean" still have an important impact on people's conduct and human cultivation.