A review of the concept of the two Jin and sixteen countries, and the overseas Chinese settlement sy

After Yongjia crossed to Eqingdong in the south, the northern population living in Jiangnan was called overseas Chinese.

The vast majority of overseas Chinese live together according to their clans and villages, and the scholars and landlords with overseas Chinese surnames are often the natural leaders or masters of the overseas Chinese, and they regard the possession of overseas Chinese as their own power.

In order to settle and control overseas Chinese, the rulers of the Eastern Jin Dynasty also wanted to safeguard the interests of the overseas Chinese clan. In areas where overseas Chinese are concentrated, the temporary borrowing of land has reset the origins, prefectures, counties, and counties of many overseas Chinese. And it is still called Qiaozhou, Qiaojun, Qiaoxian with the previous name, which is Qiaozhi.

Qiaozhou counties are originally meant to be lodges, and there is no real land, and the white household registration is also temporary, and overseas Chinese are exempt from taxes. This has played a certain role in recruiting northerners and encouraging registered people and household registration, and the original counties in the south are also called "Tujun counties".

The two Jin Dynasty refer to the Western Jin Dynasty and the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the Sixteen Kingdoms refer to the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms after the Wei and Jin Dynasties.

The Sixteen Kingdoms refer to Qianliang, Houliang, Southern Liang, Western Liang, Northern Liang, Qianzhao, Houzhao, Qianqin, Houqin, Western Qin, Qianyan, Houyan, Southern Yan, Northern Yan, Xia, and Chenghan.

The two Jin Dynasty refer to the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Western Jin Dynasty. The Sixteen Kingdoms refer to the 16 countries that appeared in the north of China after the fall of the Western Jin Dynasty.

After the Three Kingdoms, the Sima family unified the country, but the good times did not last long, there was a civil strife "Eight Kings Rebellion", the country weakened rapidly, the Huns Liu Yuan took the opportunity to build the Han Dynasty and destroy the Jin (known as the Western Jin Dynasty in history), the north fell into great turmoil, the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Qian, Di, Qiang successively established political power plus the Cheng Han in the southwest, a total of 16 minority regimes, called the Five Hu Chaos China. In the south, the remnants of the Sima clan rebuilt the Jin Dynasty with Jianye as the capital, which was called the Eastern Jin Dynasty. This period of history is called the "Sixteen Kingdoms of the Eastern Jin Dynasty".

After the Sixteen Kingdoms of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it was the Northern and Southern Dynasties.

Cheng Han, Xia, Qianzhao, Houzhao, Qianqin, Houqin, Xiqin, Qianyan, Houyan, Nanyan, Beiyan, Qianliang, Houliang, Nanliang, Beiliang, Xiliang.

The history of the Sixteen Kingdoms can also be divided into three major stages: first, the alternation of Liu Han, Former Zhao and Later Zhao (304-352); 2. The opposition between Former Qin and Former Yan, and the unification of the north by Former Qin (352-383); 3. The collapse of the Former Qin after the Battle of Weishui and the rise of the Northern Wei Dynasty (383-439).

Cheng Han, Xia, Erzhao (front, back), Sanqin (front, back, west), Siyan (front, back, south, north), Wuliang (front, back, south, north, west).

As a very special phenomenon and several complex problems in the administrative system and administrative construction in China's history, Qiaozhou counties in the full sense need to have three elements, namely, the fall of the original counties and counties and the overseas Chinese settlement, and the overseas Chinese settlement should "all take the name of the old soil"; the existence of diasporas; The "Overseas Chinese Pastoral Division" is also the initial preparation of the administration. The overseas Chinese settlement system is not unique to the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties, the general setting of Qiaozhou counties and counties has even become a trend, and the development, improvement and even maturity of the overseas Chinese settlement system have pushed the era of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Sixteen Kingdoms of the Northern and Southern Dynasties; Compared with the Northern Dynasties of the Sixteen Kingdoms, the overseas Chinese settlement system of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties and the counties of Qiaozhou were particularly formal and common.

The existence of a large number of overseas Chinese population and the deep-rooted concept of regional townships are closely related to the dense destruction of the form of township groups formed in the process of migration and settlement. closely related to orthodoxy; It is closely related to the social atmosphere of paying attention to the prestige of the county; It is closely related to the political, economic and military situation at that time. Due to the complex background and reasons for its establishment, the establishment of Qiaozhou counties in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties is correspondingly diverse. Those who stand on the job to attract overseas Chinese; those who have lost their positions and are established by officials; Those who stand for military necessity.

The frequent and large-scale population movements of the Han and other non-Han ethnic groups in the Northern Dynasties of the Sixteen Kingdoms, especially in the Sixteen Kingdoms, were carried out by the Hu rulers, and were mainly in the nature of forced migration, and the purpose of forced relocation was to use them as soldiers and use them for cultivation. However, the nature, status, purpose, and policy of the immigration of the Northern Dynasties of the Sixteen Kingdoms made it possible for a long-term, widespread, and extensive establishment of Qiaozhou, Qiaoxian, and Qiaoxian in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and Southern Dynasties in the territory of the Northern Dynasties of the Sixteen Kingdoms, on the whole, to be not long-term, not widespread, and not extensive; The Northern Dynasties of the Sixteen Kingdoms, especially most of the Qiaozhou counties and counties of the Sixteen Kingdoms, had neither land nor people. In this way, the "overseas Chinese population" and "Qiaozhou counties and counties" of the Northern Dynasties of the Sixteen Kingdoms are more effectively and appropriately called "floating population" and "Xuzhou counties and counties".

Famous poetry writers include Mr. Wuliu Tao Yuanming, "The Story of the Peach Blossom Spring" is one of his representative works; The Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest, Ruan's "Yonghuai Poems", Ji Kang's "Breaking Friendship with Shan Juyuan"; Xie Lingyun's "Ascending the Pond and Going Upstairs".

The most outstanding poet Tao Yuanming, as well as the calligrapher Wang Xizhi, the politician Xie An, the writer and politician Pan An, the painter Gu Kaizhi, and the famous "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest".

The most famous is Tao Yuanming, as well as Xie An, Liu Ling, Xie Daoyun, etc., all of whom have an important position in the history of Chinese poetry.

Outstanding poetry writers include Tao Yuanming, Lu Ji, Fu Xuan, Zhang Zai, Lu Yun, Guo Pu, Zhang Hua, Pan Yue, etc.

Xiongnu, Xianbei, Xia, Di, Qiang and other Wuhu took advantage of the rebellion of Yongjia in the Western Jin Dynasty, and Liu Yuan of the Xiongnu of the Later Han Dynasty began to break Chang'an and Luoyang with 700,000 troops, and began the first Hu people to drink the Yangtze River, the period of unprecedented chaos in history, during the two hundred years of successive establishment of Qianliang, Houliang, Nanliang, Xiliang, Beiliang, Qianzhao, Houzhao, Qianqin, Houqin, Xiqin, Qianyan, Houyan, Southern Yan, Northern Yan, Xia Kingdom, Chenghan and other sixteen countries.

Historically known as the "Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms", it refers to the five northern ethnic groups that established political power in northern China and the regimes they established during the period from the end of the Western Jin Dynasty to the unification of the north by the Northern Wei Dynasty. The Sixteen Kingdoms refer to Qianliang (Zhang Liang), Houliang (Lü Guang), Southern Liang (Tuoba Wugu), Western Liang (Li Hui), Northern Liang (Fuqu Mengxun), Former Zhao (Liu Yuan), Later Zhao (Shile), Former Qin (Fu Jian), Later Qin (Yao Chang), Western Qin (Qifu Guoren), Former Yan (Murong Shi), Later Yan (Murong Chui), Southern Yan (Murong De Murong Hong), Northern Yan (Feng Ba), Xia (Helian Bobo), and Cheng Han (Li Xiong of the Bayi ethnic group).

Sixteen Kingdoms: Qianliang, Houliang, Southern Liang, Western Liang, Northern Liang, Qianzhao, Houzhao, Qianqin, Houqin, Western Qin, Qianyan, Houyan, Southern Yan, Northern Yan, Xia Guo, Chenghan.

The Wuhu and Sixteen Kingdoms, abbreviated as the Sixteen Kingdoms, was a period in Chinese history. This period began in 304, when Liu Yuan and Li Xiong established the Han Zhao (later known as the Former Zhao) and Cheng Han, respectively, to the Northern Wei Dynasty's destruction of the Northern Liang in 439. The range roughly covers North China, Shu and Liaodong, and can reach as far as Mobei and the Western Regions.

Among the many nomadic peoples who invaded the Central Plains, the Xiongnu, Qianbei, Xianbei, Qiang and Di were the mainstays, collectively referred to as Wuhu. They established many states within this range, and the Northern Wei historian Cui Hong wrote the Spring and Autumn Period of the Sixteen Kingdoms (Wuliang, Siyan, Sanqin, Erzhao, Yicheng, and Yixia) in sixteen of them, so later historians called this period the "Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms". In fact, the number of countries in this period was much higher than 16.

The Two Jin Dynasty and the Sixteen Kingdoms (Period) is the combined name of the "Two Jin" period of the Jin regime and the middle and early period of the "Spring and Autumn Period of the Sixteen Kingdoms" (ending in 420 years) of the non-Jin regime, and the time is 265 420 years.