Why it is not easy to achieve standardized hardware design in embedded systems

The traditional design approach for embedded systems is as follows:

1. Embedded system generally refers to non-PC system, which has computer functions but is not called the equipment or equipment of the computing machine.

2. It is an application-centric, software and hardware can be reduced, and it adapts to the comprehensive and strict requirements of the application system for function, reliability, cost, volume, power consumption, etc.

3. To put it simply, the embedded system integrates the application software and hardware of the system, similar to the working mode of BIOS in the PC, with the characteristics of small software, high automation, fast response speed, etc., which is especially suitable for the system that requires real-time and multi-tasking.

4. The embedded system is mainly composed of embedded processor, related supporting hardware, embedded operating system and application software system, etc., which is a "device" that can work independently.

5. Embedded systems include almost all electrical equipment in life, such as handheld PDA, mobile computing equipment, TV set-top boxes, mobile phone Internet access, digital TV, multi-**, automobiles, microwave ovens, digital cameras, home automation systems, elevators, air conditioners, security systems, vending machines, cellular equipment, consumer electronic equipment, industrial automation instruments and medical instruments, etc.

6. The hardware part of the embedded system, including processor microprocessor, memory and peripheral devices, IO ports, graphics controllers, etc.

7. The embedded system is different from the general computer processing system, it does not have a large-capacity storage medium like a hard disk, and most of them use EPROM, EEPROM or flash memory as the storage medium.

8. The software part includes operating system software (requiring real-time and multi-task operation) and application programming.

9. The application controls the operation and behavior of the system; The operating system controls the interaction between programming and hardware in the cavity.

Introduction to Embedded Systems

Embedded systems are made up of hardware and software, and are devices that can operate independently. The software content only includes the software operating environment and its operating system. The hardware content includes a wide range of contents, such as signal processors, memories, and communication modules.

Compared with the general computer processing system, the embedded system has a large difference, it can not achieve large-capacity storage function, because there is no matching large-capacity medium, most of the storage media used are E-prom, EEPROM, etc., and the software part takes the API programming interface as the core of the development platform.

The choice of the core of the embedded system is very important. To choose a chip that can be used and has a slightly higher capacity than the requirements, this needs to be comprehensively considered from the aspects of hardware speed, peripheral equipment richness, scalability, encryption, etc., and horizontally select the most marketable (the most common, easy to buy, low, commonly used by domestic manufacturers), low technical difficulty (packaging, soldering, popularization), and good reputation among similar chips. If you choose a small manufacturer, you can also have direct technical support.

The software development environment is also very important. It is necessary to choose the supporting software development environment, development documents and even development examples provided by large manufacturers, and to choose those that can provide reference designs or application system schematics, detailed chip documents, and preferably many domestic learning materials and online related problems. Careful decisions about whether or not to use an embedded operating system also affect the capability selection of chip hardware.

It's best to get a lot of system source codes.

Finally, it is best to choose an evaluation board that is similar to or even superset with your target system, and realize the evaluation of the performance of the software part and the hardware part on it, and then design your own system according to the schematic diagram provided by the evaluation board.