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Anonymous users2024-02-06The Nine Chapters of Arithmetic is an ancient Chinese mathematical treatise, and it is the most important of the Ten Books of Arithmetic (ten ancient arithmetic books that appeared between the Han and Tang dynasties). In the Wei and Jin dynasties, Liu Hui commented on the "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic": "The Zhou metric system has nine numbers, and the flow of nine numbers is the "Nine Chapters", and also said that "Zhang Cang, the marquis of Pinghou in the Han Dynasty, and Geng Shouchang, the chief farmer, are all good at fortune-telling."
Due to the remnants of the old texts, each is called deletion and supplementation, so the purpose of the school is different from the ancient, and the discussion is more similar to the language." According to research, Zhang Cang and Geng Shouchang of the Western Han Dynasty once made supplements. The final book was written in the early Eastern Han Dynasty at the latest, but its basic content was basically finalized in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.
There are only two kinds of mathematics books recorded in the Han Shuyi Wenzhi (written by Ban Gu based on Liu Xin's "Seven Strategies"), "Xu Shang Arithmetic" and "Du Zhong Arithmetic", and there is no "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic", which shows that "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic" appeared later than "Seven Strategies". The Later Han Shu Ma Yuan Biography records that his nephew Ma Xu "read a lot of books and is good at "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic", and Ma Xu was the last in the 1st century AD.
Twenty or thirty years old. According to the official names and place names that can be used to determine the age in the "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic", it can be inferred that the current version of the "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic" was written in the second half of the first century AD. The Nine Chapters of Arithmetic divides all the mathematical problems in the book into nine categories, which are the "Nine Chapters."
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Anonymous users2024-02-05The author of the Nine Chapters of Arithmetic is no longer available. It is generally believed that it has undergone additions and revisions from generation to generation, and gradually became the definitive version today, and Zhang Cang and Geng Shouchang of the Western Han Dynasty have made additions and sortings, and it has generally become a definitive version at that time. The last book was written in the early Eastern Han Dynasty at the latest, and most of the ones that are circulating today are in the fourth year of Emperor Jingyuan of Wei Yuan (263) during the Three Kingdoms period, and Liu Hui made annotations for the "Nine Chapters".
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Anonymous users2024-02-04The author is unknown, but it has been annotated and compiled by Zhang Cang, Liu Hui, etc. Ditto for dynasties. Hope.
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Anonymous users2024-02-03"Nine Chapters of Arithmetic" is a book published in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
The Nine Eyes of this Chapter of Arithmetic is the first mathematical treatise of Han Chinese scholars in ancient times, and it is the most important one of the ten books of arithmetic. The book is very rich in content, systematically summarizing the mathematical achievements of the Warring States, Qin, and Han dynasties.
The early part of the current biography of the Nine Chapters of Arithmetic was written in the second half of the first century AD, and the Nine Chapters of Arithmetic divides all the mathematical problems in the book into nine categories, known as the "Nine Chapters".
Afterlife influences
The Nine Chapters of Arithmetic is the world's first work to systematically describe the operation of fractions;Among them, the algorithm of surplus and deficiency is an amazing creation; The chapter "Equations" is also in the history of mathematics in the world.
For the first time, negative numbers and their addition and subtraction operations are described. In terms of algebra, "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic" was the first in the history of mathematics in the world to put forward the concept of negative numbers and the rules of addition and subtraction of positive and negative numbers.
Systems of linear equations taught in secondary school.
The method of solution is basically the same as that introduced in the Nine Chapters of Arithmetic. The focus on practical application is a distinctive feature of the Nine Chapters of Arithmetic. Some of the book's knowledge has also spread to India and Arabia.
Even passing through these regions as far as Europe.
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