Drinking water pollution can be divided into three categories according to the type of pollution

Chemical pollution, physical pollution, biological pollution.

Biological contamination. Inorganic pollution.

Organic pollution.

The three main types of water pollution are biological, physical, and chemical pollutants, which are as follows:

1. Biological pollutants.

Including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Biological contamination can mainly lead to some infectious diseases, such as typhoid, cholera, bacillary dysentery, and hepatitis A. In addition, people are active in unclean water, and pathogens in the water can also invade the body through ** and mucous membranes, such as schistosomiasis, leptospirosis, etc.

As shown in the figure below).

2. Physical pollutants.

These include suspended limb floats, thermal contamination, and radioactive contamination. Physical contamination can lead to mutations in the body's genetic material, inducing tumors and causing fetal malformations. As shown in the figure below).

3. Chemical pollutants.

Including organic and inorganic good compounds. Chemical contamination: The presence of acrylonitrile in contaminated water can cause mutations in the body's genetic material. Water containing inorganic substances such as arsenic, nickel, chromium, and organic pollutants such as nitrosamines can induce tumor formation.

Pollutants such as methylmercury can interfere with the normal embryonic development process through the mother, causing abnormal embryonic development and congenital malformations. As shown in the figure below).

Hazards of Water Pollution:

1. Harm to the environment, serious water pollution will lead to the reduction of organisms, and even extinction, resulting in the reduction of the value of various environmental resources and the destruction of the ecological environment.

2. After the water quality is polluted, it is likely to fail to meet the requirements of production water, which will naturally lead to a decrease in output.

3. Harm to the human body, once people drink polluted water, it will cause acute and chronic poisoning, infectious diseases and other diseases, and polluted water will also cause sensory deterioration, which will affect people's normal life, and emotional will also be affected by adverse reactions. <>

The manufacturer of the pollutant shall bear the corresponding tort liability in accordance with the law. Where damage is caused by environmental pollution, the polluter shall bear tort liability. In the event of a dispute arising from environmental pollution, the polluter shall also bear the burden of proof that there is no causal relationship between the act and the damage under the circumstances of non-liability or mitigation of responsibility as provided by law.

Civil Code of the People's Republic of China

Article 1229.

Where harm to others is caused by polluting the environment or destroying or altering the source of a limb or damaging the ecology, the infringer shall bear tort liability.

Civil Code of the People's Republic of China

Article 1230.

Where disputes arise due to environmental pollution or destruction of the starving ecology, the perpetrator shall bear the burden of proof on the circumstances of not being liable or mitigating responsibility as provided by law, and that there is no causal relationship between the act and the harm.

Civil Code of the People's Republic of China

Article 1231.

Where two or more infringers pollute the environment or damage the ecology, the extent of their liability is to be determined on the basis of factors such as the type, concentration, and discharge of the pollutants, the manner, scope, and degree of ecological damage, and the role of the conduct in the consequences of the harm.

Answers]: c, d, e

This question examines the concept of water pollution. Water pollution can be divided into surface water pollution, groundwater pollution, and marine pollution.

Water pollution is mainly caused by pollutants produced by human activities, which includes three major parts: industrial pollution sources, agricultural pollution sources and domestic pollution sources.

1. Industrial wastewater is an important source of pollution in waters, which has the characteristics of large quantity, wide area, complex composition, high toxicity, difficult to purify, and difficult to treat. According to the data of the 1998 China Water Resources Bulletin, this year, the total amount of wastewater discharged in the country was 53.9 billion tons (excluding thermal direct current cooling water), of which 40.9 billion tons were discharged from industrial wastewater, accounting for 69%.

In fact, the amount of sewage discharged is far more than that, because it is difficult to calculate the amount of industrial sewage discharged by many township enterprises.

2. Agricultural pollution sources include livestock manure, pesticides, fertilizers, etc. In pesticide sewage, one is high in organic matter, plant nutrients and pathogenic microorganisms, and the other is high in pesticides and fertilizers. According to relevant data, 100 million hectares of cultivated land and 2.2 million hectares of grassland are used every year.

China is one of the countries with the most severe punishment for soil erosion in the world, with an annual topsoil loss of about 5 billion tons, resulting in a large number of pesticides and fertilizers flowing into rivers, rivers, lakes and reservoirs with the topsoil, and the subsequent loss of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients makes 2 3 lakes suffer from different degrees of eutrophication pollution, causing abnormal reproduction of algae and other organisms, causing changes in water transparency and dissolved oxygen, resulting in deterioration of water quality.

3. The main sources of domestic pollution are all kinds of detergents and sewage, garbage, feces, etc. used in urban life, most of which are non-toxic inorganic salts, and domestic sewage contains more nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and many pathogenic bacteria. According to the survey, in 1998, China's domestic sewage discharge was 18.4 billion tons.

About 1 3 of China's industrial wastewater and more than 90% of domestic sewage are discharged into the water area without treatment, more than 1,200 rivers monitored in the country, more than 850 are currently polluted, and more than 90% of the urban waters are also polluted, resulting in the extinction of fish and shrimp in many river sections, and the rivers that meet the national first-class and second-class water quality standards only account for the pollution is developing from shallow to deep, groundwater and coastal seawater are also being polluted, and the water we can drink and use is imperceptibly decreasing.

1.Pathogen pollution: domestic sewage, hospital sewage, livestock and poultry farm sewage, etc., often contain pathogens, such as viruses, germs and parasites.

If this type of sewage is not properly purified, it will pass through various channels and cause dysentery, typhoid, infectious hepatitis and schistosomiasis.

2.Aerobic pollutants: domestic water, paper and food industry effluents contain organic matter such as proteins, oils, carbohydrates, lignin, etc.

After such substances enter the water body with the sewage, in the process of microbial decomposition of them, the dissolved oxygen in the water body needs to be consumed, so that the oxygen content of the water body is reduced, thereby affecting the growth and reproduction of fish and other organisms. When the dissolved oxygen in the water is exhausted, the organic matter in the water will produce anaerobic digestion to produce methane, hydrogen sulfide, etc., which will make the water body smell and endanger the survival of aquatic organisms.

3.Plant nutrient pollutants: industrial sewage and domestic sewage such as papermaking, leather, food, oil refining, synthetic detergents, and farmland water with phosphate fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer contain nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

Most of these substances are red in color and are called "red tide creatures".The proliferation of red tide organisms can cover the surface of the water and attach to the ribs of squids, making it difficult for them to breathe. Dead red tide organisms are broken down by microorganisms, consuming dissolved oxygen from the water.

Some red tide organisms and their substitutes contain biotoxins, which often cause fish and shellfish poisoning and death, and can pass through the food chain and endanger human health.

4.Petroleum pollutants: Mostly occur in the ocean, mainly from accident spills from oil tankers, subsea oil production, ballast water from oil tankers, and wastewater from onshore refineries and biochemical plants.

5.Highly toxic pollutants: mainly heavy metals, cyanide, fluoride and difficult to decompose organic pollutants, most of them come from mines, smelting wastewater, they are enriched in living organisms, through the food chain, endangering human health.

In addition, there is also radioactive contamination of water bodies, which is caused by radioactive materials entering water bodies. Salt pollution, various acid, alkali and salt inorganic compounds enter the water body, which increases the salt content of fresh water and affects the water quality. Thermal pollution, cooling water from power stations, etc. is the main source of thermal pollution, and a large amount of hot water is discharged into the water body, which increases the water temperature and reduces the dissolved oxygen in the water body, affecting the survival and reproduction of fish.

Physical Contamination, Chemical Contamination, Biological Contamination.

Physical pollution is waste heat pollution.

Chemical pollution is the pollution of various organic and inorganic substances to the water body, and biological pollution is the pollution of the water body by microorganisms and germs.

Drinking water sources are divided into five types of water bodies according to the degree of pollution, and generally more than three types of water bodies can be used as drinking water sources.

Waste gas pollution, waste residue pollution, wastewater pollution.