What are the effects of organic fertilizer? How should it be used?

<> basal fertilizer (base fertilizer) is applied.

Basal fertilizer, generally called base fertilizer, is a fertilizer that is applied before sowing or transplanting. When ploughing, the organic manure is evenly applied, and the fertilizer is turned into the soil with the ploughing, this method is simple, easy to operate, can play a good purpose of improving the soil, but in its uniform application to the soil, can not all or even most of the contact with the root system and be utilized by the root system, therefore, the fertilizer utilization rate is bound to cause excess waste, bring certain economic losses, and secondly, it is easy to produce soil obstacles. Therefore, this method is more suitable for planting crops with higher densities.

Top dressing application. There are two methods of topdressing for organic fertilizer: deep soil application and extra-root topdressing. Deep soil application generally applies organic fertilizer near the dense layer of the root system, and covers the soil after application to avoid the loss of nutrient volatilization.

Extra-root topdressing is to mix the compost with 10 times the water evenly, take its supernatant after standing, and spray the fertilizer solution on the foliar surface of the crop with the help of a sprayer for foliar absorption.

It is used as seed fertilizer. There are many ways to use seed fertilizer, such as seed dressing, soaking, strip application, hole application, etc. Seed dressing is a method of dissolving or diluting fertilizer with a small amount of water, spraying on the surface of seeds, and mixing while spraying, so that the fertilizer solution is evenly stained on the surface of the seeds, and sown after drying.

Soaking is to dissolve or dilute the fertilizer solution into a certain concentration of solution, according to the ratio of 1:10 of the liquid seed, put the seeds into the solution and soak for 12 24h, so that the fertilizer solution penetrates into the seed coat with water, and then sows after drying. After ditching or digging holes, fertilizer is applied into the ditch and hole of 3 5cm of the cultivated layer, and then sown near the fertilizer belt, and the distance between the fertilizer is kept above 3cm.

Used as seed fertilizer, fertilizer requires the release of nutrients to be fast, can not be too acidic, too alkaline, the fertilizer itself has no toxic effect on seed germination, and the organic fertilizer that is fully decomposed after composting is a good seed fertilizer.

Used as seedling fertilizer.

Fully decomposed organic fertilizer, evenly released, comprehensive nutrients, is an ideal fertilizer for seedlings. Generally, 10% fermented organic fertilizer with sufficient fermentation is added to a certain amount of peat, fly stone or perlite, and the soil is mixed evenly to make seedling substrate.

Full-layer fertilization and concentrated fertilization of organic fertilizer.

Full-layer application is to sprinkle organic fertilizer all over the surface, and apply organic fertilizer into the whole soil layer through cultivated land, this fertilization method can be applied in the case of more organic fertilizer (4000 6000kg per mu) or crop density. Concentrated application into the soil is to apply compost near the root system of crops by ditching, and this fertilization method is worth using when there is less fertilizer (1500 3000 kg per mu) and soil fertility is relatively low.

1. Improve the soil, the organic matter in the organic fertilizer can increase the soil fertilizer, and at the same time make the soil loose, change the soil gap, and provide a good production environment for crops.

2. Increase crop yield. The various organic matter and nutrients contained in organic fertilizer provide sufficient nutrients for crops**, and never increase yield and quality. This is also the most important role of organic fertilizer for agriculture.

3. Improve soil drought resistance and water storage capacity, in the dry season, organic fertilizer can improve the drought resistance of the soil and improve the ecological environment of the root system.

4. The use of organic fertilizer can improve the utilization rate of fertilizer, such as diamine, urea and other fertilizers have a pungent smell, because the nutrients in the fertilizer are more, but the release is faster, and the organic fertilizer is just the opposite, the release of nutrients is slow, in the process of fertilizing crops, the two can use each other, promote each other, and improve the utilization rate of fertilizer.

5. A very important role of organic fertilizer in nature is to reduce environmental pollution. Animal manure, animal and plant residues, etc. are made into granules and then returned to the field for use, which not only protects the environment but also serves as fertilizer to nurture crops. It has achieved a win-win effect of economic and social benefits.

The main way to increase soil organic matter is to increase organic fertilizer. At present, the state vigorously advocates the application of organic fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer. Today we will take a look at what it does.

1. There are a large number of beneficial microorganisms in bio-organic fertilizer, which can decompose organic matter in the soil, increase the aggregate structure of the soil, and improve the soil composition. Microbes multiply very quickly in the soil, and they are like a large, invisible web, intricately intertwined. After the death of the microbial body, many fine pipes are left in the soil, which not only increases the air permeability of the soil, but also makes the soil fluffy and soft, and the nutrients and water are not easy to lose, which increases the soil water and fertilizer storage capacity, and avoids and eliminates soil compaction.

2. The beneficial microorganisms in the bio-organic fertilizer can also inhibit the reproduction of harmful bacteria, so that we can use less pesticides, and if applied for many years, it can effectively inhibit soil pests, save labor, save money, and have no pollution.

95% of the trace elements in the soil exist in an insoluble form and cannot be absorbed and utilized by plants, while the microbial metabolites contain a large number of organic acids, which are like hot water added to the ice cubes, which can quickly dissolve the trace elements calcium, magnesium, sulfur, copper, zinc, iron, boron, molybdenum and other essential mineral elements of plants, and become nutrients that can be directly absorbed and utilized by plants, which greatly increases the fertilizer supply capacity of the soil.

4. Beneficial microorganisms such as Bacillus subtilis in bio-organic fertilizer use organic matter in the soil to produce secondary metabolites, which contain a large number of growth-promoting substances. For example, auxin can promote plant elongation and growth, abscisic acid, can promote fruit ripening, gibberellin can promote flowering and fruit setting, increase the number of flowers, fruit retention rate, improve yield, make the fruit full, fresh and tender in color, and can also go to market early to increase production and income.

The efficacy and role of bio-organic fertilizer in detail.

1. Increase the content of soil organic matter.

Regular application of organic fertilizer can significantly increase the content of soil organic matter, which is conducive to maintaining the stability of soil organic matter and improving the physical and chemical properties of soil.

2. Promote the formation of soil aggregate structure.

Soil organic matter, calcium carbonate and polysaccharides have a good effect on the stability of soil structure. The application of organic fertilizer can increase the content of soil organic matter more than the application of manure, especially the production of more five-carbon sugars, six-carbon sugars and polysaccharides. This is particularly beneficial for the formation of water-stable aggregates, such as a significant increase in water-stable aggregates that are larger than them.

3. Provide nutrients.

Organic fertilizer contains various nutrients required by crops, and the use of organic fertilizer can significantly increase the content of nutrients in the cultivated soil, especially potassium. In 1995, the Ministry of Agriculture surveyed the cultivated land in 12 provinces across the country, and found that the phosphorus content in the cultivated land increased compared with before 1990, while the cultivated land area lacking potassium and trace elements was expanded.

4. Regulate the nitrogen content of the soil**.

In the early stage of decomposing large straws, microorganisms absorb nitrogen from the soil to form their own somatic cells, resulting in the biological fixation of soil nitrogen, which plays a role in temporarily preserving nitrogen. When the microorganisms die, this part of the nitrogen is decomposed and released. In addition, the application of organic fertilizer increases the energy matter in the soil, and is also conducive to biological nitrogen fixation, the organic matter content in organic fertilizer can reach about 30%, and relevant data show that the energy released per carbon oxide can be used by nitrogen-fixing microorganisms to fix 10 40mg of nitrogen.

5. Improve the activity of soil microorganisms and soil enzymes.

After the application of organic fertilizer, the number of microorganisms increased significantly, especially in the soil near the application of organic fertilizer, which had a good effect on accelerating the release of organic nutrients and activating the nutrients in the soil. In addition, organic fertilizers can reduce diseases in certain crops.

Other advantages of the application of organic fertilizers in agricultural production include:

1. Nutritional balance, promote crop growth, increase yield significantly, and high fertilizer efficiency;

2. Improve the quality of agricultural products;

3. Inhibit pathogenic bacteria and reduce pests and diseases;

4. Loosen and improve the soil to reduce nitrate pollution in the soil;

5. Increase the absorption of water by crops, enhance the drought resistance and lodging resistance of crops;

Now in rural areas, many farmers know that organic fertilizer is good, organic fertilizer can improve the soil, can increase the disease resistance of plants and other benefits, but how to use organic fertilizer, many farmers are still not very clear.

Today, the knowledge base of Ainong Bang will talk about this matter, how to put organic fertilizer, and what are the precautions.

First, organic fertilizer can be applied in advance.

Organic fertilizer is a long-lasting fertilizer, which needs to be combined with water and temperature to slowly release various nutrients, so farmers should apply watering and fermentation in advance before planting. Generally speaking, high-quality organic fertilizer generally grows white hairs (mycelium) after 7 days in summer, 8 to 12 days in autumn, and 15 to 20 days in winter and spring, and then organic fertilizer begins to release nutrients. Therefore, farmers should grasp the fertilization time to maximize the fertilization benefits.

Second, it can be concentrated or striped

Sometimes the first stubble is late, and when the latter stubble is topdressed or intercropped and fertilized, hole application or strip application can be implemented. This method can be used to collect fertilizer, improve fertilizer efficiency, and the effect is also very good.

Third, raw manure must not be applied

Livestock and poultry manure is high-quality organic fertilizer, but contains a lot of uric acid, easy to burn roots, seedlings, smoked leaves, at the same time there are eggs and bacteria in the manure, which is very harmful to vegetable planting, so the raw manure must be piled up for fermentation, covered with film, and checked frequently.

When white hairs appear, the feces have been decomposed, and the eggs and spores have been killed, so they can be used or dried for storage; Otherwise, when the fermentation continues, the nutrients of the manure have been destroyed; By the time green hair appears, the feces have already produced a large amount of virus. Mastering these three links is the key to heap fermentation. If you are not very familiar with the fermentation of raw manure heaps.

You can directly buy organic fertilizer from the market and apply it.

In summary, the application of organic fertilizer should pay attention to its slow-release and long-term characteristics, and flexibly grasp the application timing. Homemade organic fertilizer should pay attention to sufficient fermentation to prevent the spread of pests and diseases. Thanks for following the knowledge base.

1.Soil improvement.

Organic fertilizer is a good soil amendment. When organic fertilizer is used on farmland or degraded soils, it can increase organic matter, modify soil structure, reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers used, and can mitigate potential soil erosion.

2.Improved land use.

A considerable part of agricultural organic waste is still used in land after direct or simple treatment, although it also has fertilizer value and can play a role in improving soil quality. The use of organic fertilizer for agricultural waste has the following advantages: from the nitrogen in the waste to more stable organic nitrogen, although there is also a loss of some nitrogen, the remaining nitrogen is often not easy to be leached and volatilized; The initial carbon and nitrogen ratio of agricultural waste is high or low, and after direct application to the soil, it will lead to insufficient nitrogen or excess nitrogen in the soil, affecting crop growth, on the contrary, the carbon and nitrogen ratio of organic fertilizer after composting tends to be reasonable, which is more suitable for land use (decomposed organic fertilizer should theoretically tend to the carbon and nitrogen ratio of microbial bacteria, that is, about 16.

It is generally believed that the decrease of CN from the initial 25 30 to 15 20 indicates that the organic fertilizer has been decomposed and stabilized. PS: For every 25g of organic carbon consumed by microorganisms, they need to absorb 1g of nitrogen); The heat generated by the organic composting process reduces the number of weed seeds in the waste, mitigating the effects of weed damage.

3.Reduce the risk of contamination and odor complaints.

Organic composting can mitigate the effects of these problems. Since organic compost products are often in demand, their way out is no longer an issue, and the nature of organic compost that can be stored and treated allows it to be transported farther away than manure or other raw materials. A well-run organic composting facility is almost free of odors and flies.

In the process of urbanization and the continuous development of agriculture on a large scale, organic waste is beginning to become a burden rather than an asset. Especially for some agricultural breeding enterprises, because there is no large area of land to absorb these animal manure, the number of animals far exceeds the capacity of the land, making the manure treatment a headache.

4.Organic fertilizer is used as a substitute for breeding bedding.

Many studies have shown that powdered organic fertilizer can be used as a bedding material to replace sawdust and straw flour in farms.

From the perspective of animal welfare and improvement of the breeding environment, the bedding layer should be laid in the breeding enclosure, which is conducive to adsorbing animal excrement and reducing environmental pollution on the one hand, and provides a comfortable ground environment for animals on the other hand.

5.Organic fertilizers reduce soil-borne diseases.

Good organic fertilizers have been found to mitigate soil-borne diseases in plants without the use of chemical control. This disease-inhibiting feature of organic fertilizers has been widely recognized and appreciated.

First, it can improve the physical and chemical properties of soil and improve soil fertility.

Organic fertilizer contains more organic matter, which is the main source of soil organic matter and an important material basis for soil fertility. It regulates and buffers the acidity and alkalinity of the soil; Increase the amount of soil cation exchange and improve the fertilizer retention performance of the soil; It is conducive to the formation of a good soil structure, which can improve the tightness, aeration, permeability, water retention and thermal condition of the soil. It has a good effect on the water, fertilizer, gas and heat conditions that determine soil fertility.

Second, it can promote the activities of soil microorganisms.

Soil beneficial microorganisms are one of the important indicators to measure the level of soil fertility, and many material and energy conversion processes in soil are inseparable from soil microorganisms, such as the mineralization process of organic matter and the nitrogen fixation process of leguminous plants, which are related to the role of soil microorganisms. The application of organic fertilizer not only increases the population of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, but also provides energy and nutrients for the survival and reproduction of microorganisms, thus affecting the level of soil fertility.

Third, it is a comprehensive organic fertilizer nutrient and long-lasting fertilizer effect.

Organic fertilizer not only contains a large number of elements necessary for plants, medium and trace elements, but also contains rich organic nutrients, organic fertilizer is a fertilizer with comprehensive nutrients. At the same time, the fertility of organic fertilizer is slow and lasts for a long time, and the allowable dosage varies greatly, and it is effective for many years when applied once.

Fourth, it is to reduce the cost of fertilization.

Organic fertilizer can be taken locally, used locally, widely and costly, through the application of organic fertilizer can not only increase nutrients, improve soil fertility, but also improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer, correspondingly also reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer, thereby reducing the cost of fertilization, is one of the important measures to save costs and increase efficiency in agriculture.

Fifth, it is to maintain and promote soil nutrient balance.

The nutrients that crops take in from the soil can be returned to the soil through the use of organic fertilizers. In agricultural production, only by grasping the nutrient balance link and combining the application of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer can the soil fertility be continuously improved.