Q: What is the difference between live attenuated and inactivated vaccines?

1. The state of pathogenic microorganisms is different.

Inactivated vaccines are vaccines made by inactivating pathogenic microorganisms (including bacteria, viruses and rickettsia, etc.) and their metabolites by physical or chemical methods, losing their virulence, but still retaining their immunogenicity; Live attenuated vaccines are made by making pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria and viruses) under artificial conditions to make them lose their pathogenicity, but still retain their reproductive ability and immunogenicity.

2. The action time in the human body is different.

Inactivated vaccines generally produce low immunity after one injection, and need to be injected 2 or 3 times or booster injections to produce more satisfactory immunity; Live attenuated vaccines have a long time in the body and often only need to be vaccinated once to produce solid immunity, such as polio vaccine and measles vaccine.

3. Security is different.

The inactivated vaccine is safe to use, easy to store, and free of contamination hazards; Generally, live attenuated vaccines retain a certain residual virulence, which may induce serious diseases in some individuals (such as immunodeficient patients), and live attenuated vaccines are live microbial preparations, which may cause environmental pollution and cross-infection.

Advantages of live vaccines:

1. Similar to the natural infection process, it can replicate and multiply in the body, and the immune effect is long-lasting, and one immunization can produce long-lasting immunity.

2. The immune effect is firm, and local and systemic immunity can be formed.

3. In addition to injection and inoculation (usually subcutaneous injection), immunization can be carried out by natural infection (such as oral, spray, etc.).

Disadvantages: 1. Unstable, not easy to store and transport; Susceptible to light and heat.

2. Factors that may be unfavorable for contamination in vaccines.

3. Affected by circulating antibodies, viruses and other factors, factors that interfere with the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms in the body can cause vaccine immunization failure.

4. The potential danger of atavism by virulence in the body.

5. Immunodeficiency patients or patients receiving immunosuppression** can cause severe or fatal reactions.

Inactivated vaccines. Advantages: 1. Stable, easy to store and transport.

2. It is not affected by circulating antibodies.

3. It is safe and can kill any biological factors that may be polluted.

Disadvantages: 1. In the process of inactivation, it may damage or change the effective epitope, which requires multiple injections and booster immunization.

2. The immune effect is maintained for a short time, and no local antibodies are produced.

3. It can only be inoculated by injection (usually intramuscular injection).

Inactivated vaccine is a vaccine made by inactivating pathogenic microorganisms (including bacteria, viruses and rickettsia, etc.) and their metabolites by physical or chemical methods, losing virulence but still retaining their immunogenicity, such as pertussis vaccine, encephalitis vaccine, etc. Because the pathogenic microorganisms have been killed, this vaccine cannot grow and reproduce after entering the human body, so it needs to be injected with a large dose and a large number of injections. Generally, the immunity produced after one injection is not high, and it takes 2 to 3 injections or booster injections to produce more satisfactory immunity.

However, inactivated vaccines are stable and easy to store. Live attenuated vaccines are made by making pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria and viruses) under artificial conditions to make them lose their pathogenicity, but still retain their reproductive ability and immunogenicity. After live attenuated drug vaccination in the human body, the human body produces a subclinical infection, similar to a mild artificial natural infection process, thereby causing an immune response similar to the disease, but without the onset of the disease, but the immunity against various diseases can be obtained.

It works in the body for a long time, and often only needs to be vaccinated once to produce solid immunity, such vaccines include polio vaccine, measles vaccine, etc.

1. Those who have used gamma globulin, immunoglobulin or other passive immune preparations in the past 4 weeks should postpone the vaccination of live vaccines.

2. The incubation period, prodromal period, onset period and recovery period of acute infectious diseases. If you have a history of a certain infectious disease, you do not need to be vaccinated if you have acquired post-illness immunity.

3. Vaccination should be postponed for those with fever, acute diseases, and severe malnutrition.

When vaccination, it should be injected when the baby is healthy, and it cannot be injected when symptoms such as cold, illness, diarrhea, fever, eczema and other symptoms appear.

Live attenuated vaccine is referred to as live vaccine, the vaccine is in an active state when it enters the body, it must be vaccinated under healthy conditions, and the body temperature must be within the normal range, due to individual differences, it is easy to appear after vaccination, such as fever, local redness and swelling, and irritability, etc., which are normal and generally disappear within 48 hours.

I don't know much about this, so I'll wait for other mothers to see if there's anything they can do.

Commonly used live attenuated vaccines include: BCG, live attenuated polio vaccine, measles, rubella, live attenuated mumps vaccine, varicella vaccine, live attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine, live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine, oral live attenuated rotavirus vaccine, etc.

Commonly used live attenuated vaccines are: measles vaccine, rubella vaccine, mumps vaccine, leprosy vaccine, measles-mumps vaccine, BCG, live attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine, live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine, oral rotavirus vaccine, polio sugar pill vaccine, etc.

1. The state of pathogenic microorganisms is different.

Inactivated vaccines are vaccines made by inactivating pathogenic microorganisms (including bacteria, viruses and rickettsia, etc.) and their metabolites by physical or chemical methods, losing their virulence, but still retaining their immunogenicity; Live attenuated vaccines are made by making pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria and viruses) under artificial conditions to make them lose their pathogenicity, but still retain their reproductive ability and immunogenicity.

2. The action time of cherry barrage in the human body is different.

Inactivated vaccines generally produce low immunity after one injection, and need to be injected 2 or 3 times or booster injections to produce more satisfactory immunity; Live attenuated vaccines have a long time in the body and often only need to be vaccinated once to produce solid immunity, such as polio vaccine and measles vaccine.

3. Security is different.

The inactivated vaccine is safe to use, easy to store, and free of contamination hazards; Generally, live attenuated vaccines retain a certain residual virulence of spinal hu, which may induce serious disease in some individuals (such as immunodeficient patients), and live attenuated vaccines are live microbial preparations, which may cause environmental pollution and cross-infection.

1. Preparation principle:Inactivated vaccine is a vaccine made by killing pathogenic microorganisms, which lose their infectivity and pathogenicity, only retain immunogenicity, and are safe to use; Live attenuated vaccine is obtained by using the natural attenuated strain of pathogenic microorganisms or attenuated treatment by culture and passage, etc., pathogenic microorganisms have immunogenicity and weak pathogenicity, but may be imperfect attenuation, residual virulence rises, and is potentially dangerous to the human body.

Inactivated vaccines have a short immunization period; Live attenuated vaccines have a longer immunization period.

3. Immunization program:Inactivated vaccines are usually given in large doses and require multiple doses; Live-attenuated vaccines are usually given at smaller doses. Common inactivated vaccines include rabies vaccine, inactivated polio vaccine, influenza vaccine, epidemic hemorrhagic fever vaccine, etc.; Common live attenuated vaccines include measles-mumps combined live attenuated vaccine, live attenuated varicella vaccine, etc.

Different types of vaccines have their own advantages and disadvantages, and you can get the appropriate vaccine according to your own situation under the guidance of a professional doctor.