Four specific historical facts of the economic development of the south during the Song and Song dyn

1. From the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms period, the south began to be opened.

2. Eastern Jin Dynasty. During the Southern Dynasties, the south was developed on a large scale, and the Southern Dynasties began to catch up with the north at the end of the year.

3. Sui and Tang dynasties.

The economy of the South has developed rapidly, and there is almost no gap between the North and the South.

4. During the period of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, the economy of the south further developed.

5. Southern Song Dynasty. By the time of the Yuan Dynasty, the southern economy developed prominently, completely surpassing that of the north.

Reasons for the southward shift of the economic center of gravity:

There are many wars in the north, while the south is relatively peaceful and stable;

Peasants from the north moved south in large numbers, bringing with them advanced production technology.

and supplemented the labor force in Jiangnan;

In order to develop their strength, the rulers of Jiangnan paid more attention to economic development;

The working people of the north and south worked hard together to develop Jiangnan;

Production conditions and natural environment in the south.

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The north is war-torn and the people are unstable, while the south is peaceful, the land is fertile, the precipitation is conducive to farming, and the climate is suitable for long-term life.

1. The most direct reason is that the northerners moved south with a large number of labor and advanced production technology.

2. Agriculture: The rapid development of agricultural production in the south has benefited from the improvement of paddy field farming tools, the maturity of agricultural farming technology, and the promotion of rice-wheat rotation.

The pressure of population growth has led to the reclamation of large quantities of arable land, and people have opened up polders, sand fields and terraces according to local conditions.

The area of paddy fields has increased rapidly, rice has jumped to the first place in the country's grain crops, and the Taihu Lake basin has become the granary of the country.

In addition, the cultivation of cash crops such as cotton and tea is also common in the south, and the center of mulberry sericulture has also moved from the north to the south.

3. Commerce: Handicrafts such as textiles, porcelain making and shipbuilding in the Song Dynasty also developed greatly

The government has official silk weaving workshops in Hangzhou, Suzhou, Chengdu and other places, and independent private workshops have also appeared in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, called "machine households".

Cotton planting has spread from Hainan, Fujian and Guangzhou to the south of the Yangtze River, and by the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Hainan Island has developed more advanced cotton textile tools.

The porcelain production of the Song Dynasty was far more developed than that of the previous generation, and Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province became the center of porcelain making in the country, and the products were sold at home and abroad.

The shipbuilding industry in the southeast coastal cities is also very developed, and the shipbuilding technology is in the leading position in the world.

In the handicraft industry, there were five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty: Ding kiln, Ru kiln, Ge kiln, Guan kiln, and Jun kiln; In agriculture, the Song Dynasty saw the emergence of irrigation tools with high drum carts; The earliest currency appeared in commerce: Jiaozi, and the boundaries between the city and the city were broken.

The ancient economic center moved south from the rebellion of the eight kings of the Western Jin Dynasty, and after the Anshi Rebellion, the southern economy surpassed that of the north, and the southern movement was completely realized in the Southern Song Dynasty.

1. Agriculture: During the Song Dynasty, water conservancy was greatly developed, a large area was cultivated, and attention was paid to the improvement of agricultural tools, and agriculture developed rapidly. New types of fields such as terraced fields, sand fields, and silt fields all appeared in the Song Dynasty, which greatly increased the cultivated area of the Song Dynasty. Agriculture in the Yangtze River valley and the Pearl River basin has developed rapidly, crops such as millet, wheat, and millet from the north have come to the south, cotton and tea cultivation has become prevalent, and the number of areas growing mulberry and silkworms and hemp is also increasing.

During the Southern Song Dynasty, the rice output in the Taihu Lake area ranked first in the country, represented by the Taiping Mansion, and was known as "Suhu is ripe, and the world is full".

2. Handicrafts: During the Song Dynasty, the mineral deposits were abundant, the silk, linen, wool textile industry was developed, the papermaking materials were abundant, the printing industry was developed, and the engraved books of the Song Dynasty were famous for their excellent paper and ink, sparse layout, mellow fonts, and rare handwriting. Moreover, the shipbuilding industry in the Song Dynasty was developed, and the shipbuilding technology level of the Song Dynasty was the highest in the world at that time.

3. Commerce: The Song Dynasty was prosperous in commerce, and the "Jiaozi" in Chengdu was the earliest paper money in the world, and the Song Dynasty had sufficient labor and rapid industrial development, and the industrial and commercial tax revenue accounted for 70% of the total tax revenue of the Song Dynasty, becoming the main body of the Song Dynasty's tax revenue.

The southward shift of China's ancient economic center began in the middle of the Tang Dynasty and was completed in the Southern Song Dynasty.

During the Southern Song Dynasty, excellent rice varieties were introduced, and Huzhou, Suzhou became a grain center, spreading the saying that "Suhu is ripe, and the world is full". In terms of handicrafts, the production of works such as Tiangong Kaiwu represents that the handicraft industry has reached a certain height, and in terms of commerce, the land Silk Road was blocked in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the maritime Silk Road began to rise and prosper, and Lin'an in the Southern Song Dynasty became an international metropolis. The economic center began in the late Tang Dynasty and ended in the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty.

Agriculture: intensive farming, with a focus on the development of water conservancy tools, such as high-drum vehicles.

Handicrafts: The five major porcelain kilns of the Song Dynasty [Ding Kiln, Ru Kiln, Ge Kiln, Guan Kiln, Jun Kiln], the silk fabrics of the Song Dynasty absorbed the realistic style of flower and bird paintings, which was vivid and lively.

Commerce: The emergence of the world's first paper money, breaking the boundaries of the city, the Maritime Silk Road.

The southward shift of the economic center of gravity began in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties periods, and finally took shape in the Southern Song Dynasty after the Anshi Rebellion, the division of feudal towns in the late Tang Dynasty and the changes of Song Jingkang.

The fact that the southward shift of the economic center of gravity and the economic development of the south in ancient China were all completed under the conditions of war in the north and relative stability in the south, which shows that political stability is the premise and foundation of social and economic development, and that a war-torn and turbulent social environment can only destroy the social productive forces and destroy the fruits of economic development.

As a result of the war, a large number of people from the north moved south in ancient times, increasing the labor force of the south and bringing advanced production tools and technology to the south, which reflected the highest level of the development of social productive forces at that time, which shows that the hard work of the people of all nationalities and the progress of the productive forces are the most important factors in economic development, and the introduction and application of the most advanced production technology is an important guarantee for promoting rapid economic development.

Summary. 1.The journey of the southward movement:

1.In the pre-Qin, Qin and Han dynasties, the social development of the Jiangnan region was relatively backward, and the economic center was in the Northern ExpeditionInitial development:

Three Kingdoms 3Large-scale development in the Eastern Jin Dynasty 4began to catch up, and the last year of the Southern Dynasty began to catch up with the North.

5 began to move south, Sui and Tang 6Continue to move south for five generations 7More than the Song Dynasty, through the continued development of the Northern Song Dynasty, the economy of the south continued to develop, the development of agriculture and sideline industries, and the crops in the north and south of the Yangtze River and Liangguang.

9 During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the southern economy was consolidated and developed in the middle of the year.

1.The course of the southward migration:1

In the pre-Qin, Qin and Han dynasties, the social development of the Jiangnan region was relatively backward, and the economic center was in the Northern ExpeditionInitial development: Three Kingdoms 3

Large-scale development in the Eastern Jin Dynasty 4began to catch up, and the last year of the Southern Dynasty began to catch up with the North. 5 began to move south, Sui and Tang 6

Continue to move south for five generations 7More than the Song Dynasty period, the first to do Latong slipped through the Northern Song Dynasty continued to develop, the southern economy continued to develop, the development of agriculture and sideline Huhu industry, Jiangnan and Liangguang were crops in the middle and north. 9 During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the southern economy was consolidated and developed in the middle of the year.

The economic development of the Song Dynasty was: Suhu Lake was ripe for the group, the world was full, many new tea gardens were opened, and Jingdezhen City was a famous porcelain capital. Suzhou Huzhou has become an important granary of the country.

Cotton cultivation is exaggerated, cotton weaving industry develops, and shipbuilding industry progresses. Quanzhou is a famous overseas ** port in Guangzhou and Mingzhou City. Overseas ** developed.

During the Southern Song Dynasty, the economy of the south surpassed that of the north, and the southward movement was realized through Qi Zhijizhong.

Natural factors: The climatic conditions of the Song Dynasty changed, making the south more suitable for agricultural development. At the same time, due to the early economic development in the north, soil erosion is serious, and human activities have seriously damaged the natural environment, and the environment has deteriorated, affecting agricultural production.

However, the economic development of the south since the Three Kingdoms period has laid a certain foundation for economic development, and the natural environment has been well maintained, thus providing favorable natural conditions for the economic development of the south. Political factors: First, most of the territory ruled by the two Song Dynasty was in the south, and the political center of the Southern Song Dynasty was moved to the south, which promoted the continued economic development of the south to a certain extent; Second, since the end of the Tang Dynasty, wars have been frequent in the north, while the south has been relatively stable, providing a relatively stable social environment for economic development; Third, during the Song and Song dynasties, the struggle of the people of the Central Plains against the plundering of the northern minority nobles prevented the northern minority nobles from going south, saving the south from the scourge of war; Fourth, the rulers attached importance to economic development and adopted some policies conducive to economic development, thus promoting the economic development of the south.

Economic factors: There are still many wars in the north, while the social order in the south is relatively stable, and the people of the north have moved south in large numbers, providing a large number of labor force for the economic development of the south, so that the natural resources of the south can continue to be developed and utilized, and the social and economic order will develop, so as to eventually surpass the south, and the national economic center of gravity has shifted to the south.