Lithium battery or hydrogen fuel cell, which is more promising?

It may be that lithium batteries are more promising, because they think they are safer.

I think the future of hydrogen fuel cells should be better, because after all, it is environmentally friendly.

I think lithium batteries are quite promising at the moment, but they may not be as good as hydrogen fuel cells in the future.

Is lithium battery or hydrogen fuel cell better? In the battle between China and Japan for automotive batteries, China has a significant advantage.

According to reports, in the future, new energy vehicles will be divided into three parts: pure electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles and hydrogen fuel cells. The state has decided to vigorously support the hydrogen fuel cell industry, which will surely replicate the prosperity of the power lithium battery industry and even replace the status of power lithium batteries. Is this true in reality?

Let's break down a few key points.

From the perspective of market feedback, in 2018, China's new energy vehicle subsidies were significantly lower than in 2017, and the subsidy policy increased the technical requirements for pure electric passenger vehicles. Subsidies for pure electric commercial vehicles have plunged, and only fuel cell vehicles remain unchanged. However, compared to the market performance (as shown in Figure 1), in 2018, the total sales of pure electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles in China were 1,254,600 units, an increase from 2017; Fuel cell vehicle sales in 2018 were only 1,527 units, up 20% from 1,272 units in 2017.

It is not difficult to see that the market performance of fuel cell vehicles is different from that of electric vehicles in terms of total volume and growth.

From the perspective of the development trend of automobile enterprises, from February 2017 to February 2019, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued 24 batches of "Road Motor Vehicle Manufacturers and Products Announcement" data show that there are 306 car companies in China that have declared pure electric vehicles, 54 car companies have declared plug-in hybrid vehicles, and only 18 companies have declared fuel cell vehicles. In the newly released first and second batches of "Catalogue of Recommended Models for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles" in 2019, the number of fuel cell vehicles is "0". On the other hand, this reflects that despite policy support and state subsidies, there is still a big gap between the investment and R&D speed of car companies in fuel cell vehicles compared with other technology paths.

However, hydrogen fuel cells are difficult to fabricate and require high technical requirements for proton exchange membranes, key material catalysts, and bipolar plates. The production technology for these key components is mainly in the hands of the United States, Europe and Japan. At present, the mass production of related parts in China is still blank, and almost all raw materials are imported.

The technical bottleneck problem is not unique in the field of new energy vehicles, and it is not the first time in China, but any breakthrough in technical problems requires large-scale capital investment and long-term accumulation, which cannot be achieved overnight.

Comparatively speaking, I think hydrogen fuel cells are more promising, and they are better.

Energy density comparison.

As a kind of battery, lithium battery is a closed system, the battery is only a carrier of energy, which must be charged in advance to operate, and its energy density depends on the energy density of the electrode material. Since the energy density of the current anode material is much greater than that of the positive electrode, it is necessary to continuously upgrade the cathode material to improve the energy density, such as from lead-acid, to nickel, and then to lithium battery. However, lithium is already the smallest metal element with atomic weight, and the cathode material that is better than lithium ion is theoretically only pure lithium electrode, but the energy density is actually only 1 4 of gasoline, and the commercialization technology is extremely difficult, and there is no hope for a breakthrough in decades.

Therefore, the increase in the energy density of lithium batteries is subject to theoretical bottlenecks, and the space is very limited, at most, it is increased from the current 160Wh kg to 300Wh kg, and even if it is reached, it is only 1 120 of fuel cells, which can be said to be lost at the starting line.

Volumetric energy density comparison.

The main disadvantage of hydrogen, the raw material of fuel cells, is that the volumetric energy density is not high, and now pressurization is basically used to solve this problem. According to the current pressurization mode of 700 atmospheres, its volumetric energy density is gasoline 1 3. The same 300 kilometers, the fuel cell hydrogen storage tank volume is 100L, the weight is 30kg, the corresponding gasoline vehicle fuel tank is 30L, but the motor volume is 80L smaller than the internal combustion engine, and the total volume is not much different.

Lithium battery vehicles are divided into two mainstream technical routes: ternary and lithium iron phosphate, and the representative companies are Tesla and BYD. The ternary energy density is higher, but the safety is poor, and auxiliary safety protection equipment is required, and the volume of the two batteries required to run 300 kilometers is 140L and 220L respectively, and the weight is tons and tons, which are much higher than fuel cells. Looking forward to the future, if hydrogen storage alloy and low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage technology can be broken through, the volume energy density of fuel cells will be doubled and doubled, respectively, and the advantages will be more obvious.

Power density comparison.

Fuel cells can essentially be understood as a chemical power generation system using hydrogen as raw material, so the output power is relatively stable, and in order to maximize the discharge power, a power battery system must be added, such as Toyota Mirai is equipped with nickel-metal hydride batteries. However, as an open power system, its energy comes from external input, and the additional nickel-metal hydride battery does not need to consider the problem of energy storage, as long as 5-8 degrees can meet the demand, the requirements for battery life are not high, and there are few restrictions on the use under real working conditions. Although lithium batteries have a high theoretical discharge efficiency, they have many restrictions on their use in order not to harm the battery life.

In the case of full charge, it cannot be discharged at a large rate, and fast discharge is only suitable for the range of 0-80%. Even so, the cycle life of the battery in the laboratory will be shortened to only 600 times at a rate of 5C, and it will be further reduced to 400 times under real working conditions, such as the actual discharge rate of 4C, even if the maximum power of TELSA can reach 310kW. Moreover, as a closed energy storage system with low energy density, lithium batteries are basically difficult to be compatible with high-power discharge and high mileage, unless the weight of the battery is greatly increased.

Even though Tesla uses ternary batteries with the best energy density available, the weight of its battery components is the same.

I don't know if you're talking about hydrogen fuel cells and lithium batteries, or nickel-metal hydride batteries and lithium batteries.

In the case of the former: in terms of practicality, fuel cells are definitely better, hydrogen refueling is similar to refueling, and there is no need to charge a lithium battery for a few hours, and the fuel cell battery life is much stronger than that of lithium batteries, even more than gasoline vehicles. Moreover, the weight of lithium batteries is large and constant, regardless of whether there is electricity or not, the weight is unchanged, and it will not be said that if there is less electricity, the car will be lighter.

However, due to actual technical problems, fuel cells have not yet been popularized, so there is no need to compare, and only lithium batteries can be popularized.

The latter: NiMH batteries are not as dense as lithium batteries, and the memory effect is higher than that of lithium batteries (the lower the better), but the safety is better than that of lithium batteries.

Of course, hydrogen batteries are better, but the technology is not mature now, and it will not cause much pollution to the environment after use, but it is particularly troublesome to make.

Lithium batteries are not particularly stable at the moment, and there are certain risks.

The latter, because it has an advantage in pure electric vehicles, while the disadvantage of the former lies in the high cost of manufacturing.

First of all, understand some fundamental principles to know which is better, lithium batteries have a high energy density, so they are small in size and light in weight, hydrogen batteries, hydrogen fuel cells no longer use electrolytic cells but use combustion. The by-products produced can also be recycled, and there is no waste generated, and it is expected to be popularized in 40 years, and it will become the next outlet.

Which is good and which is bad can not be generalized, at this stage, the two batteries have their own advantages and disadvantages, only the applicable ones are good!!

In the competition between hydrogen fuel cells and lithium batteries, lithium batteries currently have an advantage in pure electric vehicles. The biggest disadvantage of hydrogen fuel cells is the high cost of manufacturing.

Each has its own benefits, depending on your needs for battery capacity.

Hello, lithium batteries and hydrogen fuel cells have their own merits and promising.

Lithium batteries and hydrogen fuel cells have their own merits and promising. At present, lithium batteries and fuel cells are the mainstream technologies that are expected to replace petroleum vehicles, and both have their own advantages and huge room for improvement. Lithium batteries would be more competitive if they could increase their energy density and optimize their cycle life.

Is lithium battery or hydrogen fuel cell better? In the battle between China and Japan for automotive batteries, China has a significant advantage.

Summary. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have more advantages than pure electric vehicles, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles use the chemical reaction of hydrogen to provide electricity for the car, which is more sustainable, more energy efficient, and has a longer cruising range. The only discharge is water, which achieves zero carbon emissions and no secondary pollution; The refueling time is also greatly reduced; What's more advantageous is that hydrogen is a renewable resource, and industrial waste gas, feng shui power generation, etc. can bring sufficient hydrogen. Therefore, the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is increasingly supported by national policies in various countries, and they have invested heavily in promoting the research and development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and formulated the development strategy and planning of hydrogen fuel electric vehicles.

Advantages of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

Hello, we are happy to answer for you, the answer to the advantages of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is as follows: hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have three major advantages: mold emissions, reducing the pressure of car companies to reduce emissions, a single hydrogen refueling only takes a few minutes, can travel 1000 kilometers, long battery life, low temperature performance adaptability, etc.

Hope mine is helpful to you!

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have more advantages than pure electric vehicles, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles use the chemical reaction of hydrogen to provide electricity for the car, which is more sustainable, more energy efficient, and has a longer cruising range. The only discharge is water, which achieves zero carbon emissions and no secondary pollution; The refueling time is also greatly reduced; What's more advantageous is that hydrogen is a renewable resource, and industrial waste gas, feng shui power generation, etc. can bring sufficient hydrogen. Therefore, the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is increasingly supported by national policies in various countries, and they have invested heavily in promoting the research and development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and formulated the development strategy and planning of hydrogen fuel electric vehicles.

It must be a hydrogen fuel cell, because the current lithium battery not only has a poor battery life, but also is more dangerous, and it is about to be eliminated, so it is definitely not as good as hydrogen fuel cells.

Lithium batteries are more promising. This is because the feasibility of this kind of battery is very high, and the cost of construction is relatively reasonable, and hydrogen fuel cells will consume energy in particular.

I think hydrogen fuel cells are more promising because they are more environmentally friendly.

Hydrogen fuel cell is another ** of water to oil, but the energy consumed by turning water to produce hydrogen must be three times the energy produced by hydrogen, hydrogen is a gaseous transportation and storage requires a lot of energy, plus the cost of easy safety, natural hydrogen will not be cheap.

There is no future, just stop here, what to do with hydrogen engines!

Short-term lithium batteries, long-term hydrogen fuel cells.

At present, commercial vehicles (especially logistics vehicles) have many problems with lithium batteries.

Hydrogen engine cars.

Hydrogen engine cars are cars that use hydrogen engines as a power source. The fuel used in general engines is diesel or gasoline, and the fuel used in hydrogen engines is gaseous hydrogen. Hydrogen engine vehicles are a truly zero-emission means of transportation, emitting pure water, which has the advantages of no pollution, zero emissions, and abundant reserves.

Advantages: The discharge is pure water, and it does not produce any pollutants when driving.

Disadvantages: The cost of hydrogen fuel is too high, and the storage and transportation of hydrogen fuel is technically very difficult, because the hydrogen molecules are very small and can easily escape through the casing of the storage device. The most fatal problem is that hydrogen extraction requires electrolysis of water or natural gas, which also requires a lot of energy and cannot fundamentally reduce CO2 emissions unless nuclear power is used to extract it.

As a means of transportation, new energy vehicles are nothing more than safety and power, as well as endurance. In these aspects, the biggest bottleneck of lithium battery vehicles is endurance, and the bottleneck of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is safety.

As a battery for electric cars, after several generations of development, it started with lead-acid batteries, then nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride batteries, and finally lithium batteries. This shows that lithium batteries are indeed unique. Whether in terms of energy density, specific power, or cycle life, lithium batteries are currently the best choice.

However, at present, the best lithium battery can only be used for a range of about 500 kilometers, which is still ideal, so it cannot reach the level of fuel vehicles. The development of new batteries is an unavoidable task for new energy vehicles.

The efforts of new batteries are multi-faceted, including graphene residual batteries, metal-air batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, supercapacitor batteries, etc., any kind of breakthrough will cause a revolution in the automotive industry. But the most likely breakthrough at the moment is solid-state batteries, which should be confirmed in the laboratory, and large companies are racing against time to develop and see who will be the first to mass-produce.

Fuel cell vehicles are currently the most representative of Toyota's mirai, which has a range of more than 500 kilometers and can also be used as a mobile power station, a socket in the trunk, enough electricity for ordinary families to fight the malpractice for a week. There are two major drawbacks, one is to use the pressure of 700 atmospheres to store hydrogen, once the leakage or the consequences are unimaginable. Then there are too few hydrogen refueling stations, and there is nowhere to refuel.

The use of platinum in catalysts is not a big problem, one is the small amount, and the other is that substitutes have appeared.

The problem with pure electric is that the electricity charged comes from? Maybe it's made of coal.