What is a fuel cell? What is the fuel cell concept

The so-called "fuel cell", in principle, is basically the same as the traditional chemical battery, and it also converts the chemical energy of matter into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions. The difference is that the internal substances of traditional batteries are filled in advance, and after the chemical reaction is over, no power can be supplied; Fuel cells, on the other hand, are chemically charged with substances from the outside, so they can generate a steady stream of electricity.

This is the most striking feature of fuel cells.

A fuel cell is a chemical battery that uses the energy released when a chemical reaction occurs in a substance and directly converts it into electricity. From this point of view, it is similar to other chemical batteries such as manganese dry batteries, lead-acid batteries, etc. However, it works by continuously supplying it with a continuous supply of living substances (reactive substances) – fuel and oxidizer, which is not quite the same as other ordinary chemical batteries.

Because it converts the energy released by fuel through chemical reactions into electrical energy output, it is called a fuel cell.

Specifically, fuel cells use the reverse reaction of electrolysis of water"Generators"。It consists of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte plate sandwiched between the positive and negative electrodes. Originally, electrolyte plates were formed by using electrolytes to penetrate porous plates, but now they are developing to directly use solid electrolytes.

During operation, fuel (hydrogen) is supplied to the negative electrode and an oxidant (air) is supplied to the positive electrode. Hydrogen decomposes at the negative electrode into positive ions H+ and electrons E-. Hydrogen ions enter the electrolyte, while electrons move along the external circuit towards the positive electrode.

The load of electricity is connected to the external circuit. At the positive electrode, oxygen in the air is absorbed by hydrogen ions from the electrolyte to form water as electrons reaching the positive electrode. This is precisely the inverse process of the electrolysis reaction of water.

Using this principle, fuel cells can continuously transmit electricity to the outside while working, so it can also be called a kind of fuel cell"Generators"。

According to experts, fuel cells are recognized as highly efficient, convenient and environmentally friendly green energy devices. It uses the energy released when a chemical reaction occurs in a substance to directly convert it into electrical energy, and needs to continuously supply it with living substances - fuel and oxidizer during operation. It is called a "fuel cell" because it releases energy from a chemical reaction and turns it into electrical output.

A fuel cell is a "generator" that uses the electrolysis of water to react in reverse, consisting of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte sandwiched in the middle, with the negative electrode supplying fuel and the positive electrode providing the oxidant. In the middle is the electrolyte, and if the electrolyte is solid, it is called a solid oxide fuel cell, or SOFC. The chemical reactants of ordinary manganese dry batteries are stored inside the battery in advance, and when the battery supplies power to the outside, the reactive substances are consumed but cannot be replenished, and once the reactive substances are consumed, the battery can no longer continue to supply power; In the case of a battery, a reverse current must be charged to restore the reactive material in order to continue working.

Fuel cells are different because the oxidizers are imported from the outside, and as long as they are continuously supplied, the fuel cells can continuously supply power to the outside world. The high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell directly converts chemical energy into electrical energy, without going through intermediate links, reducing energy loss, generating more than 45 power generation efficiency, and the total power generation rate can reach more than 85. The fuel is widely used and the waste heat utilization rate is high.

Due to the low conductivity of the electrolyte, this kind of battery must be operated at high temperatures, and the connection sealing material must be made of platinum and other dilute materials, and the cost of the battery will increase greatly. At present, a new type of medium-temperature ceramic membrane fuel cell has been successfully developed in China, which is a fuel cell with ceramic membrane as the electrolyte. After the battery parts are thin, the internal resistance of the battery is reduced, and the output of useful power is improved, so that the medium temperature is realized without the need for high temperature, and the operating temperature is reduced to 700 500.

This new fuel cell inherits the advantages of high-temperature S OFC while reducing costs.

A fuel cell is a power generation device that converts the chemical energy present in the fuel and oxidizer directly into electrical energy. Fuel and air are fed into the fuel cell, and electricity is produced wonderfully. It looks like a storage battery with positive and negative electrodes and electrolytes, but in essence, it cannot "store electricity" but is a "power plant".

Fuel cells are very complex, involving the relevant theories of chemical thermodynamics, electrochemistry, electrocatalysis, materials science, power system and automatic control, etc., and have the advantages of high power generation efficiency and less environmental pollution. Overall, fuel cells have the following characteristics:

1) High energy conversion efficiency.

He converts the chemical energy of the fuel directly into electrical energy, without going through the combustion process, and is therefore not limited by the Carnot cycle. At present, the fuel-to-power conversion efficiency of fuel cell systems is 45% to 60%, while the efficiency of thermal power generation and nuclear power is about 30% to 40%.

2) Harmful gases SOX, NOx and noise emissions are very low.

CO2 emissions are significantly reduced due to high energy conversion efficiency, and there is no mechanical vibration.

3) The fuel has a wide range of applications.

4) The building blocks are strong.

The scale and installation location are flexible, the fuel cell power station occupies a small area, the construction period is short, and the power of the power station can be assembled by the battery stack as needed, which is very convenient. Fuel cells are very suitable for centralized power stations, distributed power plants, and independent power stations for residential areas, factories, and large buildings.

5) Fast load response and high running quality.

Fuel cells can be converted from the lowest power to the rated power in seconds, and the power plant can be very close to the load, which improves regional frequency shifts and voltage fluctuations, reduces the existing substation equipment and current carrier capacity, and reduces transmission line investment and line losses.

A fuel cell is a chemical device that directly converts the chemical energy of the fuel into electrical energy, also known as an electrochemical generator. It is the fourth power generation technology after hydroelectric power, thermal power generation and atomic power generation. Because the fuel cell converts the Gibbs free energy part of the chemical energy of the fuel into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions, it is not limited by the Carnot cycle effect, so it has high efficiency; In addition, fuel and oxygen are used in fuel cells as both mechanical transmission parts, so there are no noise raw materials, and very few harmful gases are emitted. Acoustic pollution.

It can be seen that from the perspective of energy conservation and ecological environment protection, fuel cells are the most promising power generation technology. (Fujian Yanan Group is a leading provider of clean energy solutions and an enterprise dedicated to the industrialization of hydrogen fuel cells.) Ya Xiaonan answers 4000-080-999).

The fuel cell is an energy conversion device, which is based on the electrochemical principle, that is, the working principle of the galvanic battery, isothermal direct conversion of the chemical energy stored in the fuel and oxidizer into electrical energy, so the actual process is redox reaction. A fuel cell is mainly composed of four parts, namely the anode, the cathode, the electrolyte, and the external circuit. Fuel gas and oxidation gas are fed through the anode and cathode of the fuel cell, respectively.

The fuel gas emits electrons on the anode, and the electrons are conducted to the cathode through an external circuit and combine with the oxidation gas to form ions. Under the action of an electric field, ions migrate to the anode through the electrolyte and react with the fuel gas to form a circuit and generate an electric current. At the same time, due to the electrochemical reaction itself and the internal resistance of the battery, the fuel cell will also generate a certain amount of heat.

In addition to conducting electrons, the cathode and anode of the battery also act as catalysts for redox reactions. When the fuel is hydrocarbon, the anode requires higher catalytic activity. The cathode and anode are usually porous in structure to facilitate the passage of reaction gases and the discharge of products.

The electrolyte plays the role of transferring ions and separating fuel gas and oxidation gas. In order to prevent the mixing of two gases from causing a short circuit in the battery, the electrolyte is usually a dense structure.

A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen directly into electrical energy through electrode reactions. Specifically, a fuel cell is a "generator" that uses the reverse reaction of electrolysis of water. Batteries operate with a continuous supply of living matter (reactive substances) – fuel and oxidizer – unlike other common chemical batteries.

The advantages of fuel cell are high energy conversion efficiency, high reliability, no noise, no dust, and no radiation when working, and it is a clean energy source.

This small device can provide energy for mobile phones, laptops, PDAs, and other portable devices, and a fuel cell that weighs only half the weight of the original lithium-ion battery can provide about four times the battery energy compared to the lithium-ion batteries currently in use. However, such equipment is still being tested and is not expected to enter the market until 2004, when it is put into large-scale production.

Fuel cells have the following characteristics:

1) High energy conversion efficiency. It directly converts the chemical energy of the fuel into electrical energy without going through the combustion process, so it is not limited by the Carnot cycle.

2. The fuel-to-electricity conversion efficiency of the fuel cell system is 45% to 60%, while the efficiency of thermal power generation and nuclear power is about 30% 40%.

3. Flexible installation location; The fuel cell power station occupies a small area, the construction period is short, and the power of the power station can be assembled by the battery stack according to the need, which is very convenient. Fuel cells are very suitable for both centralized and distributed power stations, as independent power stations for residential areas, factories, and large buildings.

4. Fast load response and high running quality; Fuel cells can be converted from the lowest power to the rated power in a matter of seconds.

Categories: Life.

Problem description: What is a fuel cell.

Analysis: A fuel cell is an energy conversion device that directly converts the chemical energy of the supplied fuel into electrical energy, and is a power generation device that can continuously obtain electricity by continuously supplying fuel. It has been actively developed in recent years due to its advantages such as high power generation efficiency, adaptability to a variety of fuels, and good environmental characteristics.

Because the fuel cell can directly convert the chemical energy of the fuel into electrical energy, it does not change the energy form through the boiler, steam turbine and generator like ordinary thermal power plants, which can avoid the conversion loss in the process and achieve the efficiency of municipal power generation. In addition, it has the following advantages: (1) high efficiency can be maintained even at partial load; (2) Fuel within the scope of application through combination with fuel supply device; (3) Since the unit of output power is determined by the output power of the reactor, the capacity of the unit has degrees of freedom; (4) The load response of the battery body is good; (5) The emission of NOx and SOX is small, which is good for environmental protection.

Fuel cells are usually classified by the electrolyte they are made of. Currently, there are four types of fuel cells that are being developed the most. In particular, the operating temperature of various fuel cells is different, and the phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), which was first developed, operates at a temperature of about 200 °C.

In contrast, molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs) and solid oxide fuel cells can be used as electrical power sources in power plants that use fossil fuel as the basic fuel. High-temperature fuel cells can also be called fuel cells that use their high-quality exhaust gas to generate electricity for compound generation.

A power generation device that converts chemical energy present in fuels and oxidizers directly into electrical energy. Fuel and air are fed into the fuel cell, and electricity is produced wonderfully. It looks like a storage battery with positive and negative electrodes and electrolytes, but in essence, it cannot "store electricity" but is a "power plant".

It has low harmful gas and noise emissions, and carbon dioxide emissions are greatly reduced due to high energy conversion efficiency, and there is no mechanical vibration, so it has been used in automobile power.

Energy & Energy & Public Energy & Energy all hope and support to cooperate with Energy & Energy to make Energy & Energy Useful for more than 10 years. (Why did someone estimate it as high as $5,000). Think fuel cells are worth the investment?

The main reason is related to oil. The U.S. must import 55 percent of its oil. By 2025, this proportion is expected to grow to 68.

One-third of the oil used by humans in the United States every day is used for it. By 2025, it will still be our power source that is the same number of hybrid power sources as it is today: 200 fuel cells.

The company will look to the future in every future trailer in the future.

A relationship of trust goes beyond economic security. In 2006, the Petroleum Commission released a report entitled "The Security Aftermath of U.S. Oil State Dependence." A task force detailed a wide range of U.S. recommendations for the safe growth and security of the petrostates, and that the political content of all oil merchants between countries and regions, or the political situation in the region, was unstable or fraught with hostile reports, erosion, and even support.

The result of policy research on race and other policies is that such a policy is in the interests of the United States and the world.

The use of petroleum fuels as the latest developments in climate change – from the latest developments in the news – from the dynamic range of "Petroleum Climate Change" and "Global Climate Change" will become films of global climate and other genres produced. The end of the world is a substitute for the factor of future clock adjustment. Find a solution as an energy fuel that meets everyone's maximum.

Fuel cell technology is a short-term fuel alternative to alternative oil production. Fuel cells do not pollute and actually use pure water as a side-by-product. Although our engineers focus on in-house production from products such as natural gas, they produce on farms.

Renewable, clean agricultural production can be studied in future research. Because you can produce it from aquatic energy, the United States can be dependent on domestic at the same time.

Other countries are exploring the application of oil dependence and are working globally on fuel cell issues.

Clearly, scientists and manufacturers have a lot of work to do before fuel cells become a practical alternative to current energy production methods. Nonetheless, with global support and cooperation, the goal of building a viable fuel cell-based energy system could become a reality within a few decades.