Introduction to the specific situation of the Warring States period

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, not many people paid attention to the generation of small countries and widows, so there was a lack of information. I only found three accounts:

1. In the "Taiping Huanyu Ji" written by the Northern Song Dynasty Music History, it is recorded: "The country surnamed Qu and Jiang on behalf of the land is strong on the weekend, and it is the king before the Seven Kingdoms."

2. The Ming Dynasty Yin Geng's "Two Towns and Three Passes Chronicles" recorded: "Sealed by Shang Tang".

3. "Historical Records of the Zhao Family" recorded: "Zhao Xiangzi went north to the summer house (now Caoduo Mountain, Dai County, Shanxi) to lure the king, so that the cooks used copper buckets to eat the king and the servants, and ordered the slaughterers to fight the king and the servants, and then raised the soldiers to replace the land, and Feng Bolu (Zhao Xiangzi's brother) was the king on behalf of the king."

The existing Daiwang town, mainly the later Daijun ruins, is wrong in the encyclopedia, not the capital of Daiguo.

To sum up, it can only be said that this place, in the middle of Wei County, Hebei Province, was established during the Spring and Autumn Period, and was destroyed by the Zhao State around 475 BC. Other circumstances are unknown.

Regarding the demise of the Zhao State, because it involved a big man (Zhao Xiangzi), there are detailed records. "Lü's Spring and Autumn" said:

Before Zhao Jianzi died, he said to Zhao Xiangzi (heir): "If I die, you will wear filial piety clothes and go to Xiawu Mountain to have a good look." ”

After burying his father, Zhao Xiangzi really wore filial piety clothes, climbed Xiawu Mountain, overlooked the country from afar, realized it, and said: "The first monarch must have used this method to teach me!" ”

After he returned, he planned to seize the country. not only married his sister to the acting king, but also frequently showed favor to dispel the acting king's vigilance.

So, Zhao Xiangzi dated the acting king in Xiawu Mountain. In advance, hundreds of dancers hid their weapons in dance equipment made of feathers, and prepared a large gold bucket for wine.

When the acting king arrived, he drank and bragged with his brother-in-law with great interest. The drinker flipped over the big golden bucket and stoned him to death in one fell swoop. The dancers also took their weapons out of their equipment and killed all his men.

Zhao Xiangzi sent someone to use the king's car to pick up his sister home. After his sister learned the truth, she sharpened the hairpin on the road and committed suicide.

One of the vassal states of the Shang Dynasty and the Zhou Dynasty, the place is in Datong, Shanxi Province and Wei County, Hebei Province, and the capital is Wangcheng (now Wei County Daiwang Town). Tang Feng has the same surname and founded the country on behalf of his son. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, in 475 BC, Zhao Xiangzi sent people to ask for the king.

Make the cook use the copper to eat the king and the servants, and make the slaughter kill the king and the servants, and then raise the soldiers to replace the land and the beginning of the county.

That is to say, in 475 BC, the Dai State was destroyed by the first monarch of the Zhao State, and the Dai became a county of the Zhao State.

Since the beginning of Eastern Monday, the Zhou Dynasty has gone downhill, the royal family has declined, the power has fallen, the vassal states have fought against each other, and wars are frequent. Small vassal states were annexed one after another, and powerful vassal states were unified in some areas. The most powerful vassal states can be hegemonic, and there have been overlords such as Duke Huan of Qi, Duke Wen of Jin, King of Chuzhuang, King Lu of Wu, and King Goujian of Yue, known as the "Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period" in history.

However, in the middle of the Spring and Autumn period, there was a period of relative peace, because all the countries were exhausted by the war and needed to recuperate, so the war was temporarily quelled by the agreement reached in the second "Warrior Conference" in which the state participated. However, during this period, in the Yangtze River Valley, there were many hegemony struggles between Chu, Wu, and Yue. In the middle and late Spring and Autumn period, with the popularization of ox farming and the application of iron farming tools, the economy developed rapidly, and there was a profound social change such as the development of private land and the collapse of the well field system.

Within some vassal states, the aristocracy became powerful and began to compete for power with the king. In B.C., the Jin Kingdom appeared Han, Zhao, and Wei, and divided the Jin Kingdom, and established their own countries, which is the famous "Three Families of Jin". As a result, the era of the seven heroes standing side by side and competing for hegemony gradually came, and the Spring and Autumn Period moved towards the Warring States Period.

After the Spring and Autumn Period, that is, the second half of the Zhou Dynasty, it entered the era of the Seven Kingdoms competing for power, and this period was recorded in the "Warring States Policy" compiled by Liu Xiang at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, so people called it the Warring States. Historical Records.

Warring States period (475 BC – 221 BC), short for the Warring States period in China. It is the second half of the historical stage of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. After numerous annexation wars during the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC), the number of vassal states was greatly reduced.

By the Warring States Period (475 BC to 221 BC), the seven most powerful vassal states were Qin, Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, and Wei, and these seven states were called the "Seven Heroes of the Warring States" by historians.

In addition to the Seven Heroes of the Warring States, there were also large countries such as Yue, Ba, Shu, Song, and Zhongshan. There are still Zheng, Wei, Eastern Zhou, Lu, Teng, Zou, Fei, etc., but their strength and influence are far inferior to the Seven Heroes of the Warring States, and they can only survive in the cracks of the powerful countries, and they are all destroyed by the Seven Heroes in the end.

The name "Warring States" originates from the "Warring States Policy" edited by Liu Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty. In 453 BC, Han Zhao Wei defeated the Zhi clan and then carved up the Jin Kingdom, laying the pattern of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States.

Due to the strengthening of the county system, the countries that acquired land, wealth, and population continued to engage in annexation wars, prompting the land that had been at war since the Spring and Autumn period to gradually move into a new era. The Warring States Period inherited the turbulent times of the Spring and Autumn Period, the beginning of Emperor Qin, and the cultural trend of a hundred schools of thought contending in the middle, which was the first period of Chinese ideological and academic development, and was known as "a hundred schools of thought contending" in history. The new economic and technological development of the Central Plains and the successive changes of the whole country in various countries, the vertical and horizontal battles of celebrities and scholars, and the battlefield battles of generals have emerged a large number of allusions that have been recited for future generations.

The Warring States period also shaped the prototype of imperial China.

A specific period of Chinese history. The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period (770 BC, 221 BC) is also known as the Eastern Zhou Period. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, Zhou Tianzi maintained the authority of the co-lord of the world.

After King Ping moved eastward, the Eastern Zhou Dynasty began, and the Zhou Dynasty began to decline, only retaining the name of the co-lord of the world, but not the actual control ability. Due to the different social and economic conditions of the countries of the Central Plains, a situation of competition for hegemony between major powers has emerged, and the merger and hegemony of various countries have contributed to the unification of various regions. Therefore, the great social upheaval in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty prepared the conditions for national unification.

The Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period were divided into the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The Spring and Autumn Period, referred to as Spring and Autumn Period, refers to 770-476 BC, which is a period belonging to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the power of the King of Zhou weakened, and the princes were in dispute, and the Duke of Qi Huan, the Duke of Wen of Jin, the Duke of Xiang of Song, the Duke of Qin Mu, and the King of Chuzhuang successively claimed hegemony, and the history called the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period (another theory believes that the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period are the Duke of Qi Huan, the Duke of Wen of Jin, the King of Chuzhuang, the King of Wu, and the King of Yue, Goujian).

The Warring States Period, referred to as the Warring States Period, refers to 475 BC 221 BC, which was a period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in Chinese history (before the unification of the Central Plains by Qin), when various countries fought endlessly, so it was called "Warring States" by later generations. The name "Warring States" is taken from the "Warring States Policy" compiled by Liu Xiang of the Western Han Dynasty.