What do you think of the Annular Positron Collider CEPC project?

First of all, Hyperion is very encouraging about the progress of the project, but the real situation may not be optimistic to the extent that "the project is about to be established and ready to start". It is speculated that the 36 million funds of the Ministry of Science and Technology's key R&D special "CEPC pre-research" project have been misreported as the establishment of the entire project. The progress of the project, in June this year, applied for the approval of the future 13th Five-Year Plan major scientific projects, the high-energy physics community is mainly based on CEPC, combined with the Z factory and -CHARM factory, and pushed a 1 billion verification device construction project, but unfortunately, this project did not pass in the end.

In addition to pushing the project as hard as possible, it's also important how the project is done, because it's a big project that is important on the planet. At present, there are two main aspects, detector engineering and accelerator engineering. Speaking of accelerator alone, accelerator is a comprehensive discipline, including high frequency, magnet, automatic control, vacuum and other technologies, the existing technical level is relatively low compared to this large project, and the cost is relatively high.

However, if the project can be successfully established in the 14th Five-Year Plan in the future, we will have almost 10 years or more in the stage of technology research and development and reserves, and the related specialties may also make new breakthroughs, and it is promising to get a more optimized solution. Last year, the committees of the Institute of High Energy Research and the CEPC released a set of Preliminary Conceptual Design Reports, which may be signed by thousands of experts around the world, in four 16-folio volumes, each with a few hundred pages. At this year's International Particle Accelerator Conference, the expert group of the Institute of High Energy Research made several presentations and posters, reporting progress in various technical fields.

A few days ago, at the just-concluded China High Energy Physics Strategy Symposium, everyone agreed that a clear voice should be reached to focus on promoting the implementation of important projects. In general, it should be said that the high-energy physics and accelerator community has basically reached a consensus that "we want to do this". <>

Regarding how much money is needed for the whole project, in terms of funding, 36 million can probably do some theoretical work and key technology research, and the local ** may be able to provide hundreds of millions of funds and some land, in general, it is still far from construction, and it may even be more than 1,000 times the gap. At present, I have heard 100 billion, 50 billion, and 30 billion, and 30 billion has spread a little more, and the 20 billion mentioned by the upstairs is relatively very economical. The saying that "it is better to pepper the money than to concentrate on breakthroughs" may only play a negative role in the process of really promoting the establishment of the project.

For example, the argument that "the United States is not short of biological money, so we don't compete on it" seems plausible, but it ignores two questions: First, why do we decide how the United States, Japan, and other major countries spend their money? Second, even if "big science" is more important than "small science", you can say that you are more important than chemistry, you can say that you are more important than high-speed rail, why should your needs for high-energy physics and theoretical physics be more important than studying the human genome and studying spaceflight?

People are also the "big science" related to human civilization. The big science project is a century-old plan, and those who do it must have the mind to tolerate different points of view, form a consensus through repeated consultations, and even take the initiative to take a step back for long-term development. If the starting point is narrow, it will not be possible to promote such a large project.

To justify the importance of the project, be sure to emphasize the positives rather than belittle someone else's work. <>

The Ring Positron Collider (CEPC) is a new generation of high-energy particle accelerator being demonstrated in China, and if completed, it is expected to surpass the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and become one of the strongest particle accelerators in the world. So, what's the point of building a particle accelerator of this magnitude?

Modern physics has developed to the point where it is no longer like Einstein's time, where breakthroughs in physics could be achieved with just a pen and a piece of paper. Only by further unraveling the structure of matter can we promote the development of theoretical physics, and thus the development of science. This requires high-energy particle accelerators to collide sub-light particles with each other in the hope of making new discoveries.

The Higgs boson, an extremely important elementary particle predicted by the Standard Model of particle physics, was discovered at the Large Hadron Collider. Although the existence of such particles was predicted as early as the sixties of the last century, it was not until the 21st century that the operation of the Large Hadron Collider was confirmed. The discovery of the Higgs boson marks that the Standard Model of particle physics has found the last piece of the puzzle, and a new era of physics requires powerful particle accelerators to create.

If China's annular positron collider can be built, it will make China one of the centers of physics in the world, so that it will be able to attract more talented people and promote the development of science and technology in China. We are at a turning point in the development of fundamental physics, and if we want to seize this opportunity, we need a more powerful CEPC than the LHC. If the Higgs boson is measured using CEPC, the signal-to-noise ratio will be 100 million times higher than that of LHC.

However, Yang Zhenning, a leading physicist in China, expressed opposition to the CEPC project. Yang Lao is not against the development of basic physics in China, but believes that China should not build CEPC at this stage, because this project requires huge funds and may require hundreds of billions of yuan. For example, environmental protection, education, and medical care, China still needs to invest in more fields, and then consider building more powerful high-energy particle accelerators.

Some new technologies may be produced, which will play a certain role in the development of science and technology.

It may have a good role in promoting China's research on other new technologies.

The CEPC will be a 50-kilometer-long 70-kilometer ring accelerator that can produce large numbers of Higgs particles so that scientists can accurately measure Higgs particles and other Standard Model particles. Of course, scientists are more interested in discovering new physics (new particles or new phenomena) in the high-energy region of the experiment.

It is possible to study the speed at which positrons and negatives run and what is produced by collisions.

It is possible to study the fastest speed at which electrons can run, and the faster people can study it, the faster they can study it.

Yang Zhenning is old, and his mind has deteriorated. The Chinese people must not listen to him.

On the morning of November 3, Wang Yifang, director of the High Energy Institute and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, who advocated the construction of an annular electron collider, was interviewed by a number of **, and the most asked question was about the annular electron collider to be built in China.

1. So why do you advocate building this collider?

If high-energy physics wants to develop and be at the forefront, it is impossible to bypass the Standard Model of particle physics, which contains 61 kinds of elementary particles, including the propagators of the three fundamental forces and the elementary particles that make up matter, among which there is a special particle, that is, the Higgs particle, which is also known as the God particle.

The Higgs particle was proposed in 1964, and in 2012 CERN announced the discovery of the Higgs particle by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). It took nearly 50 years from the time this particle was proposed to the discovery of the particle, and the last piece of the "puzzle" of the Standard Model of particle physics was found. The next step is to study the properties of the Higgs particle, which is a big cake for scientific experts in the field, and it is likely that two or three Nobel Prizes will be born.

So since we want to study the properties of the Higgs particle, we must first hit out a large number of Higgs particles, and the annular positron collider that China may build can get at least 1 million Higgs particles after the first phase of operation is completed.

2. Why do some people oppose the construction of the annular positron collider?

Yang Lao believes that the investment in building the annular positron collider is too huge, which does not match China's developing national conditions, and will also have an impact on the investment in other basic sciences. Moreover, the number of experts in this field in China is far from sufficient, and even if the construction is successful, a large number of scientific researchers from other countries will be needed to make wedding dresses for others.

In Academician Wang's interview with the news yesterday morning, he deliberately emphasized one thing, that is, the capital investment of the annular positron collider does not consume hundreds of billions as stated on the Internet, and the capital demand is estimated to be about 36 billion yuan after many estimates. If good achievements are made after the first phase of operation, the electron collider can also be turned into a proton collider and continue to be researched, of course, the 36 billion yuan does not include the investment in the later stage.

The black hole of literature and science, the **** network invasion and deletion.

Must be built! National defense can only rely on patriotic scientific research teams!

Wang Yifang is not realistic. The collider was built by Wang Yifang himself. Master Yang Zhenning's opinion is realistic.

Limited funds should be spent on core applied technologies in countries and livelihoods that are urgently needed. China is still a developing country. The annular positive and negative collider will not be built for the time being!

Let's see the situation later.

If such a collider is really going to be built, and it is now being developed, then the relevant research leaders have also received a lot of attention, and it is hoped that it will be able to pass a phase of effort and then build it.

Although the annular positron collider has been recognized by many scientists, it has been opposed by some people because of its instability, and it also requires a lot of manpower and material resources, and the final development results will not make much difference.

The Annular Positron Collider definitely needs to be built, as long as it can help people, it will be built, but it all needs to be researched, invented, and created. It also takes time.

I think this kind of machine needs to be built, but judging from the current situation in our country, there is no need to rush to build this kind of machine, as long as we slowly improve our scientific and technological level, sooner or later we will succeed.