What is apple heart disease? What causes apple mildew heart disease and what causes it

1. Apple mold heart disease is harmful to the fruit, and the symptoms are manifested in two types: (1) ventricular mildew. In the early stages of the disease, small pale brown, discontinuous punctate or striped patches appear at the end of the fruit's ventricle connected to the sepal tube, which gradually expand to form irregular brown to black-brown plaques that cause discoloration of the ventricular wall.

As the disease progresses, white, gray-white, black or pink mold with varying degrees of density appears in the ventricles of fibrous diseased fruits, and the seeds rot when the mold is severe, but the pulp outside the ventricles remains intact and generally does not affect consumption. (2) Rotting of the heart. When the environmental conditions are suitable for the development of the disease, the lesion expands to the outside of the heart, causing the flesh of the core to rot, and the decaying tissues are mostly yellow-brown and bitter in taste.

The extent of decay varies from the core line to below the peel. Some diseased fruits appear hollows in the rotten area, giving birth to pink mold. Fruits with rotten cores are inedible, lose their commodity value, and when they occur in large quantities, they often cause serious economic losses.

2. Fungal heart disease is caused by weak parasitic fungi invading the ventricles through the calyx tube. There are many pathogenic species, mainly alternaria mali roberts and trichothecium roseum(bull)link, etc., Alternaria mali roberts infection usually causes ventricular mildew, and the main cause of core rot is pink trichothecium. Germs invade through the opening between the ventricles and the calyx tube.

In some apple varieties, the ventricles of the fruit are open, and the ventricles communicate with the sepal tube, forming a passage for germs to enter. Different apple varieties have different onset. Varieties with high ventricular opening rate, such as Marshal, Red Star, New Red Star, etc., have a high incidence rate.

Fuji, Golden Crown, etc., have a lower ventricular opening rate, and the incidence is correspondingly lower. The ventricles of the Guoguang variety were not open, and no moldy heart disease occurred.

3. Alternaria and Rheuticspora pink can grow and reproduce on multi-destruction plants and organic substrates, and the spores spread with the wind, and the spores often scatter over the orchard, and the infection is very wide. Germs invade during the flowering period of apples. After the petals, the fungus infects the petals, pistils, and stamens, and by the time the apple falls flower, most of the flowers have been colonized by the pathogen.

After the pathogen colonizes the flower, it quickly enters the ovary and ventricle, and about half a month after the apple falls, more than half of the young fruits have invaded the fruit heart area. In the apple harvest period, most of the fruits have pathogens, and the mold of the ventricles can reach 40-60%, while the symptoms of core rot mostly appear in the storage period.

<> apple trees suffering from Triphotterium chuigra heart disease, the general skin blindness can be injected with thiophanate-methyl, wheel mill, polyantimycin and other drugs (combined with calcium nitrate to supplement calcium fertilizer). When the apple tree suffers from mildew disease, the fruit gradually expands outward from the ventricles and rots, and the heart of the diseased fruit turns brown and is full of gray or pink mold. When the core mold rots severely, water-soaked irregular wet rot patches can be seen on the carcass of the fruit, and the patches can be connected with each other, and finally the whole fruit rots, and its flesh tastes bitter.

<> apple heart disease is a disease that harms the fruit from the near-ripening stage to the storage period, causing the fruit to change the heart mold, heart rot or early shedding. The bacterium overwinters in mycelium in dead fruits, necrotic tissues, or in the scales of buds with spores. In the following spring, when the temperature and humidity are suitable, various types of spores are produced, which are spread by wind and rain, and the pathogenic spores enter the ventricles from the calyx tube and the stamens, and the pathogens mainly invade in the flowering stage, and then latent in the heart of the fruit, and proliferate with the development of the fruit.

Generally, diseased fruits can be dissected on the tree as early as late June, but most of them are in the late stage of fruit growth. Some diseased fruits do not show symptoms until they are stored, causing mildew. The occurrence of the disease is closely related to climate and variety.

The flowering period is warm and humid, which is conducive to the reproduction and infiltration of pathogens. The orchard is low-lying, the canopy is closed, and poor ventilation is conducive to disease. There are significant differences in the incidence of apples among varieties, and the fruit has a large calyx mouth and a long sepal tube connected to the heart of the fruit.

Those with small calyx mouths and short sepal tubes are more resistant to disease. Marshal breeds such as Red Star, Golden Crown, Fuji, etc., are more susceptible to infection.

The prevention and control of apple mold heart disease should be combined with the prevention and control of pesticides during the growth period and the control of storage conditions during the storage period.

In the growth period of apples, three key drug periods should be grasped:

The flower buds are enlarged to the dew red stage. Combined with the prevention and control of apple powdery mildew, you can choose fungicides with good permeability and high performance, such as: 30% difenoconazole?

Proconazole suspension l000 l 500 times liquid or 430 grams of tebuconazole suspension 2000 3000 times liquid, thiamone aqueous emulsion 500 times liquid, to eradicate the conidia produced on branches and dry branches.

Early flowering. Fungicide sprays that have no effect on fruit set are selected to destroy the germs on the flowers. For example, 400 times of 3% polyantimycin aqueous solution, or 600 800 times of 4% pesticide L20 aqueous solution, and 700 times of 80% mancozeb wettable powder.

Young fruit stage. This is a critical period for the prevention and treatment of mildew heart disease, systemic fungicides should be selected l0 days after apple flowering, combined with the prevention and control of apple ring disease nuclear attack, anthrax, spray 430 grams of wine 4000 5000 times of tebuconazole suspension, or l0% difenoconazole water dispersible granules 3000 4000 times of liquid, 70% ethylphosphine aluminum? Manganese-zinc wettable powder l000 times liquid.

Post-harvest prevention and control For those fruits with poor hardness and lack of luster, they should be eliminated and put into storage. If conditions permit, it can be pre-stored in the warehouse at l0 degrees Celsius and l5 degrees Celsius for a short period of time, and then put it into the controlled atmosphere cold storage after removing the diseased fruits.

Have you done a good job in the prevention and control of apple moldy heart disease?

1. Try to avoid planting Red Fuji and New Red Star in the same garden.

2. Try not to use new red star pollen to pollinate red Fuji varieties.

3. After the apple is flowered, the first time to choose 43 R&F 5000 times or 6000 times or 50 times of Baoli essence wettable powder 1500 times, can prevent the infection and occurrence of apple mold heart disease.

1. Do a good job in agricultural prevention and control: conscientiously do a good job of clearing the garden in winter, thoroughly cut off diseased and dead branches, and apply callus antiseptic film at the pruning mouth in time to protect the pruning mouth to heal quickly, isolate virus infection, collect stiff fruits on the trees and the ground, and treat them centrally. The whole garden is sprayed with tree guards to eliminate the source of overwintering bacteria and reduce the incidence of disease in the following year.

Strengthen cultivation management and scientifically apply fertilizers to enhance tree potential and improve tree disease resistance. Before flowering, thoroughly remove dead tissues such as pruned branches and fallen leaves from the tree.

2. Pay attention to the prevention and control of pesticides: the prevention and control of pesticides is the main measure to effectively control moldy heart disease, and the key is the spraying time. In the budding stage and early flowering stage of apples, when the flowers reach 70 to 80%, 70% methyl tobuzin 1000 times solution + new high lipid film can be used for prevention and control.

The earlier the apple flowering stage, the better, and the spraying is almost ineffective after the flower has completely fallen. Orchards with heavier occurrence in the previous year can be controlled by using polyantimycin 300 times at the flowering stage. A new high-lipid film can be added when spraying to improve the control effect.

Prevention and control methods: The key to the prevention and control of moldy heart disease is to spray pesticides during flowering to reduce the rate of fruit carryover, and refrigerate in time after harvest to control the development of the disease.

1. Strengthen cultivation management, enhance tree potential, and improve the disease resistance of the tree; do a good job of orchard hygiene, especially flowering hygiene; Before flowering, thoroughly remove dead tissues such as pruned branches and fallen leaves from the tree.

2. Pharmaceutical prevention and control: at the early flowering stage of apples and when the flowers fall 70%-80%, spray 600-800 times of Fulu suspension agent or 1000 times of easy-to-retain water dispersible granules or 200-300 times of polyantimycin wettable powder, which can basically control the disease. The earlier the time is the better, and the spray is almost ineffective after the flowers are completely dropped.

3. Low-temperature storage, storing fruits at 1-3 times, can basically control the growth and spread of pathogens, and avoid the formation of carrot fruit after harvest.

Have you done a good job in the prevention and control of apple moldy heart disease?

It's already infected, can it be treated?

Of course, you can't eat moldy apples.

The disease is mainly harmful to the fruit, causing the heart rot and early shedding of the fruit. Fruit damage begins in the ventricles and gradually spreads outward. The heart of the diseased fruit turns brown and is filled with grayish-green mold, sometimes pink.

In the process of storage, when the core of the fruit mold develops severely, water-stained, brown, irregularly shaped wet rot patches can be seen on the carcass of the fruit, and the patches can be connected to each other into pieces, and finally the whole fruit is rotten, and the flesh is bitter. Diseased fruits occasionally have yellowing on the fruit surface, irregular fruit shape or early coloring on the tree, but the general symptoms are not obvious and are not easy to find.

Also known as heart rot. The heart of the diseased fruit turns brown, full of gray-green or pink mold, gradually rotting outward from the ventricles, and the flesh is extremely bitter. Appearance symptoms are subtle and difficult to identify.

Young fruits are heavily damaged and fall off early. Near-ripe fruits are occasionally yellowed, irregular, or colored.

Mycelium is latent in necrotic tissues or diseased dead fruits or spores hidden in the scales of buds for overwintering, and the following year is spread by spores, from the calyx tube to invade the heart of the fruit, apple burst buds (or earlier) to the flowering stage is an important period for the invasion of pathogens. The occurrence of disease is most closely related to the variety, and all fruits with open calyx mouths and long calyx tubes connected with the heart of the fruit are susceptible. Varieties of marshals such as Red Star and Red Crown are seriously ill.

Most of the fungal bacteria are weak parasitic bacteria, which survive in many parts such as apple branches and buds, and can also survive on the dead fruits or necrotic tissues on the tree body and soil, and the pathogen is very extensive. In the spring of the following year, the infection begins, and the pathogen first colonizes the stigma as the flowers open, and after the flowers fall, the pathogens expand from the flower column to the intercalyx tissue, and then enter the ventricles, resulting in fruit disease. Diseased fruits are very easy to fall off, and some moldy fruits are taken to storage because of their asymptomatic appearance, and will continue to rot under suitable conditions.

Explain it this way, and you should know that you can't eat moldy apples

Apple mildew heart disease occurs seriously in Marshal, Red Star, Fuji and other varieties, mainly during the storage and transportation period. The symptoms of mycocardia are ventricular mildew and core rot, and the main symptoms are ventricular mildew at the harvest stage. When the conditions are suitable, the storage and transportation period develops into core rot. The prevention and control of apple mildew heart disease must adopt the strategy of combining prevention during the growth period and disease control during storage and transportation, and the specific measures are as follows:

Cultivation measures. increase the application of organic, phosphorus, potassium and calcium fertilizers; improve ventilation and light transmission conditions; Combined with winter pruning, concentrated treatment of residual branches and fallen leaves and diseased fruits, the trunk was sprayed with 3 5 Baumé stone sulfur mixture. Pharmaceutical prevention and control.

Generally, before apple flowering, spray 1 fungicide (such as thiophanate-methyl, Duo Fu), Yiwei preparations, etc.; For seriously ill gardens, spray 1 more time during the full flowering period; Spray 1 fungicide (such as propiconazole, polyantimycin, iprodiamide, etc.) 7 to 10 days after flowering. Store at low temperatures. After the apple is harvested, it is placed in the warehouse below 15 for pre-storage; Then, store in a controlled atmosphere cold storage.

Apple heart disease is also known as heart rot. The heart of the diseased fruit becomes brown, full of gray-green or pink mold, gradually rotting from the ventricles to the outside, most of the moldy heart pathogens are weak parasitic bacteria, which survive in many parts such as apple branches and buds, and can also survive on the dead fruit or necrotic tissue on the tree body and soil, etc., and the pathogen is very extensive.

Prevention and control methods. 1) Strengthen cultivation management; Picking diseased fruits at any time, collecting fallen fruits, plowing the soil in autumn, and cutting off all kinds of dead fruits and dead branches on trees in winter are all conducive to reducing bacterial sources.

2) Agent**; Before the onset of the disease, it was diluted and sprayed according to 800 times of Olik-Liangguoan, and the drug was used once every 15 days.

In the case of mild disease, it should be diluted and sprayed according to 800 times, and the drug should be used once every 10-15 days; When the condition is severe, dilute it with 500 times of the liquid and spray it once every 7-10 days.

3) biological control; Starting from the germination of the apple tree, spray apple Yiwei 1000 times liquid, 1 time in 15-20 days, spray 4-5 times.

4) Strengthen the management of the storage period; For the fruits with serious disease in the field, they should be stored separately. Within 24 hours after harvesting, it is necessary to put it in the cellar at a temperature of 1 2. Generally below 10, the incidence is significantly reduced.

Prevention of apple tree mold heart disease: spray 10% polyantimycin at the end of flowering, 1500 times the solution to prevent and control.