Are there any benevolent brothers who know Confucius and others very well??

Confucius believed that "benevolence" means "loving others", that is, respecting, caring and understanding people. "Benevolence" is not only a necessary cultivation for everyone, but also a principle that must be followed to govern the country and level the world.

Confucius regarded filial piety as the foundation of "benevolence", and he applied "benevolence" to the political field, that is, to attach importance to the people and care about the weal and woe of the people, which is "rule by virtue". In order to practice "benevolence", Confucius attached great importance to "propriety" and advocated self-restraint so that his words and deeds would conform to the requirements of propriety.

"Benevolence" is the most basic social and ethical category of ConfucianismConfucianismThe core of other courtesy, righteousness, honesty, shame, filial piety, loyalty, faithfulness, etc., all revolve around benevolence and the three outlinesP5It is the basic social ethical principle advocated by Confucianism, and "benevolence" is the position of the first of the five constants. Therefore, to understand Confucianism, we must first understand the basic meaning of "benevolence" in Confucianism.

The original meaning of "benevolence" is the meaning of affinity, which refers to the love between people and each other. "Saying Words and Interpreting Words".

Benevolence, pro also. Confucius.

Clearly put forward: benevolent, lover. Confucianism believes that "benevolence" should be used to deal with ethical and social relations.

It advocates that people should respect each other, help each other and be friendly, and filial piety is the foundation of "benevolence".

In Confucius's view, one should love the public and be close to the virtuous (Analects of Learning

Mencius. He further elaborated on "benevolence", believing that "benevolence" is the nature of human beings and the essential difference between humans and animals. Mencius said, "Compassion."

Everyone has it. "Compassion is the beginning of a person's benevolence. He also said, "Without compassion, it is not human." Raise "benevolence" to the level of human nature.

1) Confucius proposed "benevolence", requiring rulers to be sensitive to the people's feelings and oppose harsh government and arbitrary torture; Promote a broad understanding and consideration of others, so as to adjust interpersonal relationships and stabilize social order.

Specifically, Confucius emphasized that "benevolence" is the highest criterion for handling interpersonal relationships.

The benevolent person loves others, and "self-denial and retribution for benevolence" are the two most important definitions of "benevolence" given by Confucius. It advocates harmonious social interpersonal relations with the heart of love.

2) Evaluation: It is conducive to alleviating class contradictions and is progressive; Benevolence is love for others, which embodies a humanitarian spirit and harmonious interpersonal relationships; The purpose of Confucius's advocacy of benevolence was to maintain the rule of the slave-owning aristocracy.

One. Knowing and benevolence In a broad sense, Confucius said"Know", including the intellectual subject, commonly known as the cognitive mind, and the objective knowledge obtained from it, especially cultural and historical knowledge, such as canonical relics, ritual systems, and so on"The name of the grass, trees, birds and beasts"and so on, and with a distinctly humanist character. In Confucius's view, objective empirical knowledge and historical knowledge are necessary, even basic, for the objective ruler to respond to matters and improve people's spiritual realm.

The knowledge of man depends"Learn"with"Think"obtained, while"Learn"with"Think"Generally speaking, it can be attributed to intellectual activity. Just"Learn"It is empirical and objective; Just"Think"It may be empirical, it may be a priori, it may be objective and, but in any sense it can be classified as intellectual. In fact, Confucius attached great importance to it"Know", however, does not acquire scientific knowledge or"Objective truth"For the purpose, he does not know for the sake of knowing, but for the sake of use, and for the sake of doing.

Zi said:"Don't complain, don't worry about people, go to school and go up. "What Confucius said"Up"Yes, definitely"Know"But not to obtain the highest knowledge, not to know the horizontal object, but to transcend the existence of the self, that is, the self-knowledge of what makes man human, as far as Confucius was concerned, it was"Know the destiny of heaven""Da Tiande".

Confucius said:"If you don't know your fate, you can't be a gentleman. "This shows that he is put"Know your fate"It is regarded as an important condition for the realization of the personality of a gentleman.

If a person can know virtue, he will know his destiny. "Zhide"with"Xiude"They are interconnected, and the reason why benevolence has become a realm is not only by knowledge, but also by action. Because of this, Confucius attached great importance to it"Xiude"and in the form of"Lourdes is not repaired"For worry.

The improvement of the realm requires cultivation and practice, not only to know the problem, but also to think about the place where we live recently. "Going to school and going up"It is also the highest kind of knowledge, and in its essence, it is"Zhiren".Although it requires the knowledge of life experience, it also surpasses the knowledge of experience, it is a kind of real transcendence, and it is also a kind of self-realization.

Only by achieving this level of transcendence can we reach the highest state, the realm of benevolence. Two. Courage and Benevolence From the perspective of the philosophy of mind, courage is a highly condensed and highly sublimated willpower, which is rational and lasting.

What Confucius said"Interested in learning",'Ambition"That's the kind of willpower. This is the will to life, the will to morality. This will is something that everyone has, for example"The three armies can win the commandery, but the horsemen cannot win the ambition"That's it.

The will is one of the manifestations of human dignity If it is cultivated to become a lasting, stable, contented, and purposeful spiritual force, it will become an integral part of the spiritual realm Knowledge, benevolence, and courage represent the different aspects of the existence of the mind and its activities, namely intellect, emotion, and will Knowing is for attainment, that is, knowing the destiny of heaven and attaining heavenly virtue, and the highest virtue is benevolence, and the so-called knowledge is for benevolence in the final analysis As for courage, in the final analysis, it is also for the realization of benevolence

Resources.