Definition of the Second Messenger, What is the First Messenger The Second Messenger and the Third M

Second messenger. secondary messenger)

There are few known types of second messengers, but they can transmit a variety of extracellular information and regulate a large number of different physiological and biochemical processes, which indicates that intracellular signaling pathways have obvious versatility.

The substance that converts the extracellular signal received by the cell surface receptor into an intracellular signal is called the second messenger, and the extracellular signal is called the first messenger.

The second messenger is the information molecule produced in the cytoplasm after the first messenger acts on the target cell, and the second messenger will enhance, differentiate, integrate and transmit the obtained information to the effector in order to exert specific physiological functions or pharmacological effects.

The second messenger includes: cyclic adenosine phosphate.

CAMP), cyclo-phosphoguanosine (cGMP), inositol triphosphate (IP3), calcium ion (Ca2+), diacylglycerol (DG), arachidonic acid.

and its metabolites (AA) docosacenoic acid, nitric oxide.

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The first is the hormone signaling molecule that acts on the outside of the cell, the second is the signal molecule that activates the cell on the cell, and the third is the signal molecule produced by the nucleus after the second signal acts on the nucleus.

The second messenger theory refers to the non-protein small molecules produced in the cell, which respond to the binding of extracellular signals to cell surface receptors through their concentration changes, regulate the activity of intracellular enzymes and the activity of non-enzymatic proteins, so as to exercise the function of carrying and amplifying signals in the cell signal transduction pathway.

The Second Courier Doctrine was first proposed by Sutherland in 1965. He believes that the various nitrogenous hormones (proteins, peptides, and amino acid derivatives) in the human body work through intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (CAMP). For the first time, camp was called the second messenger, and hormones were called the first messenger.

Substances that convert extracellular signals received by cell surface receptors into intracellular signals are called second messengers. Second messengers include: cyclic adenosine phosphate (CAMP), cyclo-guanosine (cGMP), inositol triphosphate (IP3), calcium ion (Ca2+), diacylglycerol (DG), arachidonic acid and its metabolites (AA) docosacenoic acid, nitric oxide, etc.

First Messenger: All chemicals secreted by cells that regulate the life activities of target cells are collectively referred to as first messengers, also known as intercellular information substances.

The chemical nature of the first messenger is proteins and polypeptides (such as growth factors, cytokines, insulin, etc.), amino acids and their derivatives (such as glycine, thyroxine, epinephrine, etc.), steroid hormones (such as glucocorticoids, sex hormones, etc.), fatty acid derivatives (such as prostaglandins) and gases (such as NO, CO), etc.

Second messengers are intracellular signaling molecules in biology, responsible for intracellular signal transduction, and are small molecules produced or released into cells after the first messenger molecule binds to cell surface receptors, which helps to transmit signals to the cell.

A second messenger is a small non-protein molecule produced intracellularly that binds to a cell surface receptor in response to an extracellular signal through a change in its concentration (increase or decrease).

1. The Second Messenger.

Explanation of the term: It is the first messenger that acts on the target cell.

After the information molecule is produced in the cytoplasm, the second messenger will enhance, differentiate, integrate and pass on the obtained information to the effector in order to exert a specific physiological function or pharmacological effect.

2. The second messenger is an intracellular signaling molecule in biology, which is responsible for the transduction of the signal in the cell to trigger changes in the genesis of the world, such as proliferation, cell differentiation, migration, survival and apoptosis.

Therefore, the second messenger is one of the initiating components of signal transduction in the cell.

Second messenger. There are cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cyclic guanosine, inositol triphosphate, calcium ions.

Diacylglycerol, arachidonic acid.

Docosacenoic acid, nitric oxide.

Wait. Diacylglycerol: Diacylglycerol is a type of second messenger.

The second messengers are all small molecules or ions. Cyclic guanylate: Cyclic guanylate is produced by intracellular guanosine triphosphate catalyzed by guanylate cyclase.

Inositol triphosphate: Inositol triphosphate generally refers to inositol triphosphate. An important intracellular second messenger molecule produced by phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis catalyzed by phospholipase C.

The second messengers are cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cycloguanosine, inositol triphosphate, calcium ions, diacylglycerol, arachidonic acid, docosacenoic acid, nitric oxide, etc.

1. Diacylglycerol: Diacylglycerol is a kind of second messenger. The second messengers are all small molecules or ions.

2. Cyclic guanylate: Cyclic guanylate is produced by intracellular guanosine triphosphate (GTP) catalyzed by guanylate cyclase.

3. Inositol triphosphate: Inositol triphosphate generally refers to inositol triphosphate. An important intracellular second messenger molecule produced by phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis catalyzed by phospholipase C.

4. Duantan calcium ion: calcium ion is an indispensable ion for various physiological activities of the body. It is essential for maintaining cell membranes.

Biopotentials on both sides to maintain normal nerve conduction function.

5. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate: cyclic adenosine monophosphate, also known as cyclic adenosine monophosphate.

Glandular cyclophosphine, chemical name adenosine-3,5-cyclophosphoric acid, molecular formula C10H12N5O6P, is a chemical of white Huijing powder.