What are the two major schools of philosophy, what do they mean, what are their basic forms?

The basic problem of philosophy is the basic basis for dividing philosophical schools. It consists of two aspects: (1) which is the primacy of thinking and matter, and (2) whether thinking and matter are unified.

According to the difference in the first question, it can be divided into materialism and idealism. Materialism believes that the origin of the world is matter, and idealism believes that the origin of the world is consciousness. The dualistic worldview cannot be regarded as an independent philosophical school, because it will eventually slide into idealism.

Depending on the second question, it can be divided into agnosticism and agnosticism. Agnosticism holds that the world is fully knowable, agnosticism considers the world unknowable, and the typical philosopher of agnosticism is Berkeley.

The two aspects of the fundamental question of philosophy are not equally important, of which the second question is subordinate to the first.

Thus, 1, the two main schools of thought in philosophy are materialism and idealism.

2. There are three basic forms of materialism, and they are divided according to different understandings of matter. They are: (1) ancient naïve materialism, which understood matter as a concrete material form, such as the ancient Chinese Five Elements Theory, and foreign countries that believed that the original of the world was water.

2) Modern metaphysical materialism, which holds that the original principle of the world is the atom.

3) Dialectical materialism. It is believed that matter is an objective reality that is not subject to human will.

3. The basic schools of idealism are subjective idealism and objective idealism.

1) Subjective idealism, which holds that subjectivity determines objectivity. For example, I think, therefore I am, to exist is to be perceived, and so on.

2) Objective idealism, which holds that objectivity determines objectivity. For example, a thing is a collection of absolute ideas.

Materialism. Idealism.

The origin of the world is the distinction between spiritual and material.

Idealism and materialism.

Idealism is divided into two categories, objective and subjective, and emphasizes the origin of the world as an idea.

Materialism is now mostly dialectical materialism, which emphasizes that the origin of the world is material.

1. The two basic schools of thought that exist in philosophy are materialism and idealism.

2. The criterion for dividing the two is the answer to the question of whether the essence or origin of the world is matter or consciousness. Anyone who believes that matter is the origin of the world, and that spirit and consciousness are derived from matter, are classified as materialism; Otherwise, it is classified as idealism.

Answer]: C How to hide the first aspect of the basic problem of philosophy, that is, the problem of ontology, divides philosophy into two major schools: materialism and idealism.

Materialism affirms existence and that matter is primordial and primary, while thinking and spirit are secondary; Idealism, on the other hand, holds that thinking and spirit are primordial and primary.

The two basic schools of philosophy are materialism and idealism.

Data Extension:

Materialism, the basic school of philosophy as opposed to idealism. insist on the primacy of matter and the secondness of spirit on basic philosophical issues; The unity of the world lies in materiality; Consciousness is the product of the development of the material world to a certain stage; Human cognition is a reflection of objective existence.

Materialism, which acknowledges that the world is knowable, but denies the existence of omniscient beings. Materialism recognizes that the above assertion contains a contradiction, but does not try to resolve this contradiction, but admits it. Unitarianism also acknowledges the existence of contradictions.

According to the number of primitives, materialism is divided into two types, monism and dualism. Monist materialism recognizes only one primordial principle of matter, which is also called mechanical materialism.

The dualistic materialist who acknowledges the two primordial principles of matter and movement is also called dialectical materialism. Dialectical materialism does not distinguish between the movement of nature and the movement of man, nor does it distinguish between production, practice and speculation between the movement of man, believing that they are essentially the same and can be uniformly measured by time.

Idealism is one of the two basic schools of philosophy, which advocates that ideas are the first nature of the world and matter is the second nature of the world. Idealism is divided into objective idealism and subjective idealism. Its famous representatives include Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan in China, Plato in ancient Greece, Hegel and Fichte in Germany.

Philosophy is essentially the rational activity of people to understand people and people to understand people, philosophy is an undergraduate major in ordinary colleges and universities, it is a philosophy major, the basic study period is four years, and a bachelor's degree in philosophy is awarded.

Philosophy is based on specific sciences, takes the universal laws of the whole world as the object of study, and provides theoretical guidance for specific disciplines.

This major aims to cultivate professionals with high philosophical literacy, teaching level and research ability for the Communist Party of China and China's policy research departments, management departments, and propaganda departments at all levels, various social work institutions, and universities, middle schools, and primary schools.

Philosophically, the main schools of thought are materialism and idealism.

1. Materialist philosophy.

There are three basic forms of materialism: ancient naïve materialism, modern metaphysical materialism, dialectical materialism and historical materialism.

1) Ancient naïve materialism.

Basic viewpoint: Metal, wood, water, fire, earth, etc. are the origin of the world. Progressive:

To deny that the world was created by God and to believe that the world is material adheres to the fundamental direction of materialism, which is inherently correct. Limitations: This is a valuable speculation with no scientific basis.

It reduces matter to concrete forms of matter and simplifies complex problems.

2) Modern metaphysical materialism.

The basic point of view is that atoms are the origin of the world, and the properties of atoms are the properties of matter. Progressive:

Materialism is lacking in enrichment and development. Limitations: The concrete form of matter is still equated with matter.

It is mechanical, metaphysical, and incomplete.

3) Modern dialectical materialism and historical materialism.

The basic viewpoint is that matter is the origin of the world, and the essential attribute of matter is objective reality. Progressiveness: It put an end to the idealistic view of history, founded a materialist view of history, and achieved the unity of the view of nature and the view of history.

2. Idealistic philosophy.

Subjective idealism: the human spirit as the origin of the world. Objective idealism: The "objective spirit" independent of human beings is regarded as the origin of the world.

1. The two basic schools of philosophy are materialism and idealism. Lack of clarity.

2. The branches of philosophy include Chinese philosophy, Western philosophy, ethics, religion, aesthetics, logic, psychology, philosophy of science and technology, etc. It has the meaning of "love and wisdom" according to its etymology. Philosophy is a view of the universe with a rigorous logical system, which studies the nature of the universe, the general laws of the evolution of everything in the universe, the position of man in the universe, and other very basic questions.

3. Philosophy is meta-knowledge and meta-science, that is, the so-called road to simplicity. The philosophical task is to grasp the real world at the meta-rational level, to synthesize many into one or to distinguish one into many, and one and many are both meta-theoretic.

4. The meta-theory system should also be clearly expressed and systematically constructed, so that the meta-theory system can be suitable for interpreting the world or guiding practice. Philosophy is the meta-theory, science is the principle, method, and fact, the division between the meta-theory and the principle is not absolute, and the practical basis can be: the meta-theory is the original theory that needs to be remembered at all times, and the principle is the basic theory that can be used in reference books.