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Anonymous users2024-02-06Philosophy is divided into two schools according to the question of the relationship between thinking and being: materialism and idealism. Materialism believes that matter is primordial, consciousness is derived, there is matter before consciousness, and matter determines consciousness.
Idealism holds that consciousness is primordial, matter depends on consciousness, and it is not matter that determines consciousness, but consciousness that determines matter.
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Anonymous users2024-02-05The basic schools of philosophy are materialism and idealism
1. Materialist philosophy.
There are three basic forms of materialism: ancient naïve materialism, modern metaphysical materialism, dialectical materialism and historical materialism.
1) Ancient naïve materialism.
Basic viewpoint: Metal, wood, water, fire, earth, etc. are the origin of the world.
Progressiveness: The denial that the world was created by God and the belief that the world is material adheres to the fundamental direction of materialism and is inherently correct.
Limitations: aThis is a valuable speculation with no scientific basis. b.It reduces matter to concrete forms of matter and simplifies complex problems.
2) Modern metaphysical materialism.
The basic point of view is that atoms are the origin of the world, and the properties of atoms are the properties of matter.
Progressive: enriches and develops materialism.
Limitations: The concrete form of matter is still equated with matter. It is mechanical, metaphysical, and incomplete.
3) Modern dialectical materialism and historical materialism.
The basic viewpoint is that matter is the origin of the world, and the essential attribute of matter is objective reality.
Progressiveness: It put an end to the idealistic view of history, founded a materialist view of history, and achieved the unity of the view of nature and the view of history.
2. Idealistic philosophy.
1) Subjective idealism.
Regard the human spirit as the origin of the world.
2) Objective idealism.
The "objective spirit" independent of human beings is regarded as the origin of the world.
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Anonymous users2024-02-04The two basic schools of philosophy are: materialism and idealism.
1. Materialism.
Marxism believes that materialism is one of the two basic schools of philosophy, which is opposed to idealism, and advocates that matter is the first nature, spirit is the second nature, the origin of the world is matter, and spirit is the projection and reflection of matter. It is a fundamental view of ontology in philosophy.
Between consciousness and matter, matter determines consciousness, consciousness is the reflection of the objective world in the human brain, and the objective world is independent of consciousness, and subjective initiative is different from other life consciousness.
2. Idealism.
Idealism is one of the two basic schools of philosophy. A philosophical system of thought that is opposed to materialism. The basic meaning of idealism is that on the basic philosophical issue of the relationship between thinking and existence, spirit and matter, it is believed that spirit (consciousness) is the first nature, matter is second, spirit determines matter, and matter is the product of spirit.
The relationship between matter and spirit is fundamentally reversed. There are two basic manifestations of idealism: objective idealism and subjective idealism.
Difference Between Materialism and Idealism:
Idealism holds that spirit is primary and matter is secondary. Materialism holds that matter is the primary nature and spirit is the second nature, and materialism and idealism are two fundamentally opposed philosophical basic schools.
The fundamental view of materialism is to recognize that the essence of the world is matter, that there is matter first and then consciousness in the world, that matter determines consciousness, and consciousness is the reflection of matter. Contrary to materialism, the fundamental view of idealism is that the essence of the world is consciousness, and that it is not matter that determines consciousness, but consciousness that determines matter.
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Anonymous users2024-02-03The two basic schools of philosophy are materialism and idealism.
The basic question of philosophy has two aspects: the first is the question of what is the origin of mind and being, consciousness and matter. There have always been two fundamental differences in this aspect, and thus two camps, two basic factions, and two opposing lines have been formed in philosophy, namely, idealism and materialism.
All philosophical schools that believe that consciousness is primary and matter is secondary, that is, consciousness precedes matter, matter depends on consciousness for existence, and matter is the product of consciousness belongs to idealism; Any philosophical school that believes that matter is primary and consciousness is secondary, that is, matter precedes consciousness and consciousness is the product of matter belongs to materialism. In addition to these two fundamental opposites, there is also the view that matter and consciousness are two separate and independent primordial beings. The philosophical school that holds this view is called dualism, and it is an incomplete philosophy that waves between materialism and idealism, and often ends up in idealism.
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Anonymous users2024-02-02The two basic schools of philosophy are materialism and idealism.
The two basic philosophical schools are materialism and idealism. The difference in the first aspect of the basic problems of philosophy is the only criterion for dividing the two basic schools of philosophy, materialism and idealism. The basic problem of philosophy is the question of the relationship between thinking and being, or the relationship between spirit and matter, consciousness and matter.
The basic questions of philosophy have two aspects of content (the basic questions of philosophy include two aspects of the problem):
First, it is a question of which is the primacy and what is the primordial nature of the spiritual and the material. The difference in this question is the only criterion that distinguishes the two basic schools of philosophy, materialism and idealism.
Anyone who believes that matter is the first nature, spirit is second, and that matter determines spirit is materialism; Anyone who believes that spirit is the first nature, material is second, and that spirit determines matter is idealism.
The second aspect is whether spirit and matter are identical, that is, whether human consciousness can correctly understand the real world. The difference in this question is the criterion for distinguishing between agnosticism and agnosticism. Agnosticism is the belief that people are able to perceive the real world correctly; Agnosticism is the belief that it is impossible for people to know the real world.
Idealism:
It is a philosophical theory in philosophy that proposes that the mind is the fundamental existence, one of the two basic schools of philosophy, and a theoretical system that is opposed to materialism. Its basic meaning is that on the basic philosophical issue of the relationship between thinking and existence, spirit and matter, it is believed that spirit (consciousness) is the first nature, matter is secondary, spirit determines matter, matter is the product of spirit, and there are two basic manifestations of objective idealism and subjective idealism.
Marxist writings believe that philosophy can be divided into two major schools, and idealism is one of the two basic schools of philosophy, which is a theoretical system opposed to materialism. Idealism advocates the primacy of spirit, consciousness or idea and the secondness of matter on the basic issues of philosophy, that is, the existence of matter dependent on consciousness and the existence of matter as the product of consciousness.
In non-Marxist terms, materialism holds that the world is absolutely objective and absolutely material, that everything is absolutely real, that everything evolves by itself, and that it is independent of consciousness. The core of idealism is that the world is not absolutely objective, the world is dependent on consciousness and exists, and there is no objective practical argument coordinates.
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Anonymous users2024-02-01The two basic schools of philosophy are materialism and idealism.
Marxism believes that materialism is one of the two basic schools of philosophy, which is opposed to idealism, and advocates that matter is the first nature, spirit is the second nature, the origin of the world is matter, and spirit is the product and reflection of matter. One of the basic views of ontology in philosophy is that between consciousness and slow matter, the question of matter determines consciousness, and the key consciousness is the reflection of the objective world in the human brain, and the objective world is independent of consciousness.
Idealism is idealism, also translated as the theory of ideas, which is the discussion and view of the relationship between ideas, minds, languages, and things in philosophy. Idealism is one of the two basic schools of philosophy, and it is the ideological system that is opposed to materialism. On the basic issues of philosophy, it advocates the primacy of spirit and consciousness, and the secondness of matter, that is, the existence of matter dependent on consciousness, and the existence of matter, and the product of consciousness.
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